Archive for the ‘Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery’ Category
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In Memoriam: Professor Yitzhak Apeloig, President and Distinguised Professor of the Technion
Posted in Drug Delivery Platform Technology, Drug Discovery Chemistry, Mourning the Loss of a Scientific Leader, tagged computational chemistry, Israel Chemical Society Gold Medal, Memoriam, silicon chemistry, Technion, The ACS Frederic Stanley Kipping Award in Silicon Chemistry, The Schrödinger Medal, The Wacker Silicone Award on June 4, 2026| Leave a Comment »
In Memoriam: Professor Yitzhak Apeloig, President and Distinguised Professor of the Technion
Reporters: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN and Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.
From the Technion:
Distinguished Professor Yitzhak Apeloig (1944–2026), president of the Technion from 2001 to 2009 and one of Israel’s most distinguished chemists
China is Making Large Inroads into Biotech: Is Investment Money Following?
Posted in Biological Engineering, BioSimilars, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Venture Capital, FDA, Global Partnering & Biotech Investment, Income Geographic Distribution, Intellectual Property, Intellectual Property, Innovations, Commercialization, Investment in technological breakthrough, Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Industry Competitive Intelligence, Pharmaceutical R&D Investment, Venture Capital, tagged biosimilars, biotech innovation, Biotech Investment and Venture Growth: The Franchising of Intellectual Property as a Business Model, Bristol-Myers Squibb, capital markets, China, China biotechnology hub, Chinese biotech companies, drug approvals, innovation hub, new molecular entity, regulatory agenicies, US biotech market, Venture capital, worldwide biotech market on July 28, 2025| 2 Comments »
China is Making Large Inroads into Biotech: Is Investment Money Following? Is US Investment Money Following the China Biotech Boom?
Curator: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.
UPDATED: 6/02/2026
From ASCO 2026, a Chinese biotech, Akeso, shows amazing clinical results for lung cancer with its bispecific PD-L1-VEGF bispecific antibody. As more and more US companies are making deals with Chinese biotechs is drug discovery and the biotech world heading far East?
Source: From FierceBiotech
As Akeso takes center stage at ASCO, China biotech industry cements its coming of age
In 2017, a little-known company called Nanjing Legend Biotech walked into the ASCO annual meeting at the 11th hour, dropped a 100% objective response rate for a cell therapy that would become Carvykti, and single-handedly put Chinese biotech on the global map. Nearly a decade later, taking the center stage at ASCO 2026, Akeso’s ivonescimab made history by offering the first-ever Chinese data set to command a coveted spot on the plenary session.
“We see a lot of sophistication and skill in Chinese companies,” Marjorie Green, M.D., head of oncology global clinical development at Merck Research Laboratories, said in an interview.
The maturity of the Chinese biopharma industry is evidenced by the deals it has signed. Through a potential $3.3 billion pact in 2024, Merck secured global rights to a PD-1xVEGF competitor to ivonescimab from China’s LaNova Medicines. The following year, LaNova was acquired by Sino Biopharm in the first full acquisition of an innovative Chinese biotech by a domestic large pharma on record, a milestone widely viewed as evidence of an increasingly mature ecosystem. At ASCO, ivonescimab’s landmark overall survival (OS) win against a PD-1 inhibitor in their respective combinations with chemotherapy in first-line squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was just one of numerous studies of Chinese assets that reshaped the conference’s narrative. In what Natalie Vokes, M.D., of the MD Anderson Cancer Center said “could well be a practice-changing study” if validated in a global trial, Kelun-Biotech’s TROP2 antibody-drug conjugate, sac-TMT, paired with Keytruda, slashed the risk of progression or death by 65% versus Keytruda alone in Chinese patients with previously untreated PD-L1-positive NSCLC. That drug, too, also has been swept into the Merck universe.
UPDATED: 5/18/2026
Bristol Myers Squibb turns to China to develop new drugs in newest cross-continent collaboration
UPDATED: 2/28/2026
From Source: https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2026/02/12/madrigal-pharmaceuticals-conshohocken-mash-china.html
Conshohocken firm enters into potential $4.5B deal to expand drug pipeline
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals broadened its pipeline of drug candidates this week by entering into a global licensing agreement, potentially valued at more than $4 billion, for six experimental therapy programs. Under the terms of the deal, Madrigal (NASDAQ: MDGL) agreed to pay Suzhou Ribo Life Science Co. Ltd. of China and its subsidiary Ribocure Pharmaceuticals AB $60 million upfront. Ribo could also receive up to $4.4 billion in development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments based on the programs achieving a series of unspecified goals. Conshohocken-based Madrigal has one product in the market, Rezdiffra, a treatment for the serious liver disease metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). A common route for raising capital or exit strategy for many US biotechs has been strategic transfer or sale of intellectual property (IP) or strategic partnership with large pharmaceutical companies looking to acquire new biotechnologies or expand their own pipelines. Most US based biotechs had enjoyed a favorable (although not fully exclusive) deal-making environment with US pharmaceutical companies with some competition from international biotech companies. US government agencies such as FINRA, CFIUS, and the SEC closely monitored such international deals and the regulatory environment for such international deal making in the biotechnology space was tight. The company last July entered into a licensing agreement, valued at up to $2.1 billion, for an MASH drug being developed by CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Ltd of China.
Smaller Chinese biotechs have operated in the United States (at various biotech hubs around the country) and have usually set up as either service entities to the biotech industry as contract research organizations (Wuxi AppTech), developing research reagents for biotech (Sino Biological) or conducting research for purposes of transferring IP to a parent company in China. Most likely Chinese biotechs set up research operations because of the overabundance of biotech hubs in the United States, with a dearth of these innovation hubs in the China mainland.
However, as highlighted in the Next in Health Podcast Series from PriceWaterHouseCoopers (PwC), China has been rapidly been developing innovation hubs as well as biotech hubs. And Chinese biotech companies are staying home in mainly China and exporting their IP to major US pharmaceutical companies. As PwC notes this deal making between Chinese biotech in China and US pharmaceutical companies have rapidly expanded recently.
The following are notes from PriceWaterHouseCoopers (PwC) podcast entitled: Strategic Shifts: Navigating China’s Biotech Boom and Its Impact on US Pharma:
You can hear this podcast on YouTube at https://music.youtube.com/podcast/iguywci6oG0
Tune in as Glenn Hunzinger, PwC’s Health Industries Leader and Roel van den Akker, PwC’s Pharma and Life Sciences Deals Leader discuss the rapid rise of China’s biotech industry and what it means for U.S. pharmaceutical companies. They discuss the evolving role of Chinese biotech in the global innovation landscape and share perspectives on how U.S. pharmaceutical companies can thoughtfully assess opportunities, manage cross-border complexities, and build effective partnering and diligence strategies.
Discussion highlights:
- China’s biotech industry is growing fast and becoming a global player, with U.S. companies increasingly looking to partner with Chinese firms on cutting-edge science
- U.S. pharma leaders are encouraged to move beyond skepticism and stay curious by building relationships, learning from local innovation, and exploring new partnership opportunities
- Successfully partnering with Chinese biotech firms requires a careful and well-structured approach that accounts for global complexity, protects data and IP, and uses creative deal structures like new company formations to manage risk and stay flexible
- U.S. companies need to be proactive in order to stay competitive by actively exploring global innovation, understanding the risks, and having a clear strategy to bring high-potential science to U.S. patients
Speakers:
Roel Van den Akker, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Deals Leader
Glenn Hunzinger, Partner, Health Industries Leader, PwC
Linked materials:
China’s rise as a biotech innovation hub: 4 key strategic questions for US biopharma executives
For more information, please visit us at: https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/..
In 2019 there were zero in licensing deals from China to US pharma…. Today one in five come from China.
- China evolved into a expanding economy because China invested in biotech companies
- Lots of skilled people
- Built centers that rivaled biotech innovation centers in places like Boston, California Bay Area, and Philadelphia
China has gone from low cost manufacturing country to an innovative economy with great science coming out of it. US pharma boardrooms need to understand this
The analysts at PWC suggest to look at Data integrity, IP protection and risks before bringing China biotech IP in US. It is imperative that companies do ample due diligence.
China’s rise as a biotech innovation hub: 4 key strategic questions for US biopharma executives
May 08, 2025
Roel van den Akker; Partner, Pharmaceutical & Life Science Deals Leader, PwC
China’s biotech sector is evolving at breakneck speed — and the implications for US pharma are too significant to ignore. Over the past five years, China has transitioned from being a nice to watch market to a central pillar of global biopharma innovation. Today, one-third of in-licensed molecules at US pharma multinationals originate from China, up from virtually zero in 2019.
China’s biotech sector, however, is not monolithic or uniform. The ecosystem spans high-quality, globally competitive biotech hubs in cities like Hangzhou and Suzhou — home to companies producing first-in-class and novel innovations in ophthalmology, cardiovascular, and immunology — as well as a long tail of undercapitalized players where execution and capability gaps remain profound.
And now, Washington is paying attention, too. A recent report from the US National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology (NSCEB) highlighted China’s ambitions to dominate biotech as a “strategic priority” with dual-use implications across health and security. The report urges the US government and private sector to reassess dependencies and increase scrutiny of biotechnology partnerships abroad. For the US biopharma industry, this isn’t just a supply chain concern — it is a boardroom issue.
With the licensing market still skewed toward buyers, venture funding remaining depressed in China and IPO windows in Hong Kong slowly reopening, there is a compelling window for US companies to secure differentiated assets at relatively attractive terms. Speedy deal execution is increasingly important as the highest quality assets are being quickly scooped up. But navigating this terrain can require more than opportunism. It calls for deliberate strategy, structured governance and a nuanced geopolitical risk framework.
Here are four questions every US biopharma executive should be asking:
1. What is our posture toward preclinical and clinical science from China?
Are we approaching Chinese innovation with a default posture of skepticism or strategic curiosity? Many top-tier Chinese biotechs are now generating US-caliber data at the speed of light, particularly in therapeutic modalities such as mAbs, ADCs and T-cell engagers, but plenty still have execution gaps. Those that elect to lean in will likely need a deliberate eco-system approach geared towards being the partner of choice and local brand building.
2. What does our China diligence playbook look like?
In light of national security concerns, companies need a China-specific diligence framework — one that goes beyond the science. This includes scrutiny around data integrity, IP protection, export controls, and cross border data sharing.
3. What is our plan post-licensing or acquisition?
Ownership is just the start. US companies need a clear strategy for globalizing China-origin assets — from IND transfers to FDA filing to commercial launch. In some cases, that may require reworking the preclinical package or rebuilding the CMC infrastructure entirely. Increasingly, US (or Europe)-based “Newcos” may serve as geopolitical firewalls.
4. How can we preserve agility amid regulatory and political volatility?
With rising US-China tensions and new export control proposals under review, companies must future-proof deal structures. This could include regional carveouts, US-only development rights, or milestone-gated commitments. The NSCEB report makes clear: passive engagement is no longer tenable.
Innovation strategy meets national interest
The trendlines are clear: China is not just a manufacturing hub — it is an increasingly important source of global biotech innovation. But sourcing innovation from China now sits at the intersection of science, strategy and security. US pharma and biopharma companies can no longer afford to treat China engagement as tactical. Those who adopt a deliberate, resilient and agile China strategy — grounded in scientific rigor and geopolitical realism — likely lead in tomorrow’s innovation race.
Source: https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/health-industries/library/china-biotech-sector.html
US pharma bets big on China to snap up potential blockbuster drugs
By Sriparna Roy and Sneha S K
June 16, 202511:26 AM EDTUpdated June 16, 2025
A researcher prepares medicine at a laboratory in Nanjing University in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, April 29, 2011. REUTERS/Aly Song/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights
- U.S. drugmakers turn to Chinese companies as they face patent expirations
- Licensing deals accelerate while traditional mergers decline
- Chinese biotechs are challenging Western peers, analysts say
June 16 (Reuters) – U.S. drugmakers are licensing molecules from China for potential new medicines at an accelerating pace, according to new data, betting they can turn upfront payments of as little as $80 million into multibillion-dollar treatments.
Through June, U.S. drugmakers have signed 14 deals potentially worth $18.3 billion to license drugs from China-based companies. That compares with just two such deals in the year-earlier period, according to data from GlobalData provided exclusively to Reuters.
How to stop the shift of drug discovery from the U.S. to China. The FDA must make it easier to do such work in the U.S.
Scott GottliebMay 6, 2025
Five years ago, U.S. pharmaceutical companies didn’t license any new drugs from China. By 2024, one-third of their new compounds were coming from Chinese biotechnology firms.
Why are U.S. drugmakers sending their business to China? As in many other industries, it’s so much cheaper to synthesize new compounds inside Chinese biotechnology firms once a novel biological target has been discovered in American laboratories.
Yet the costs of developing new drugs in the U.S. needn’t be so high. They are driven up, in part, by increasing regulatory requirements that burden early-stage drug discovery in America. That’s especially true for Phase I clinical trials, in which drugs are tested in people for the first time.
Newsletter
The smartest thinkers in life sciences on what’s happening — and what’s to come
This shift of discovery work to China is going to accelerate if we don’t take deliberate steps to make it easier to do such work here in America. Yet the imperative to modernize early-stage drug development — to ensure that groundbreaking drug discovery remains in the U.S. rather than migrating to China — is colliding head-on with an impulse to slash the very government workforce capable of spearheading these reforms. These conflicting impulses have created a paradoxical tension: on one hand, the desire to stay competitive with China in biotechnology innovation, and on the other, a parallel campaign to reduce and in some cases dismantle the investments and institutions essential to achieving that goal.
In most cases, Chinese firms are not discovering new biological targets, nor are they crafting genuinely novel compounds to engage these targets through homegrown Chinese research. Instead, they piggyback on Western innovations by scouring U.S. patents, zeroing in on biological targets that are initially uncovered in American labs, and then developing “me too” drugs that replicate American-made compounds with only superficial tweaks, or producing “fast follower” drugs that capitalize on the original breakthroughs while refining key features to try to surpass U.S. innovation. Facing fewer regulations, the Chinese drugmakers can move more quickly than U.S. biotechnology companies — synthesizing copy-cat drugs based on our biological advances and then promptly moving these Chinese-made compounds into early-stage clinical trials, outpacing their American counterparts.
According to the investment bank Jefferies, large American drug companies spent more than $4.2 billion over the past year licensing or acquiring new compounds originally synthesized by Chinese firms. Many comprised advanced compounds such as antibody drugs and cell therapies — underscoring Chinese companies’ growing sophistication in adopting the latest American technologies. The cost of licensing these compounds from China, rather than synthesizing them in American labs, can be significantly lower. At a time when research funding in the U.S. is being cut, and research budgets are becoming painfully stretched, companies are looking to lower the cost of building their pipelines. In a fast-moving field such as oncology, this shift toward Chinese-synthesized compounds is particularly striking: I am told by someone inside the FDA process that nearly three-quarters of new small molecule cancer drugs submitted to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin U.S.-based clinical trials are initially made in China.
Usually, only a few months elapse between the moment a U.S. research team publishes a patent identifying a new biological target and when a biotechnology firm in China creates the corresponding drug that capitalizes on these findings. Because Chinese firms can synthesize new molecules at a fraction of the cost incurred by U.S. biotechnology companies — owing to a large and skilled but much cheaper workforce — they find the most intriguing biological targets pursued by Western researchers, rapidly churning out potent yet less expensive copycat molecules that they then market to Western companies.
A major challenge for U.S. firms is the long and costly process of obtaining FDA approval for Phase I studies, in which drugmakers test a new drug’s safety and tolerability in a small group of human volunteers. In China, launching this initial phase of clinical trials is far simpler, giving Chinese biotechnology companies a competitive advantage: By swiftly advancing their molecules into early-stage patient testing, Chinese firms can more readily determine which compounds hit their biological targets and show the greatest therapeutic promise. This allows the Chinese firms to quickly refine their molecules and then leapfrog their American counterparts, who are slowed by more cautious regulatory processes. While China’s regulatory process doesn’t uphold the patient safeguards that Americans rightly insist upon, the U.S. FDA could still streamline its path into early-stage drug development, bolstering America’s competitive edge without compromising patient safety.
In the U.S., one of the costliest early hurdles is the exhaustive animal testing that the FDA requires before a drug can be advanced into Phase I studies. These “pre-clinical” studies help safeguard patients, but the agency also uses this testing to weed out potential failures before a drug requires more intensive FDA scrutiny in later trials.
Over time, this regulatory framework has frontloaded a significant share of costs to the earliest phases of drug development, when biotechnology startups are often running on shoestring budgets, lack clinical data to attract investors, and can least afford delays. One measure of the increasing difficulty in securing the FDA’s permission for Phase I trials is the growing number of U.S. drugmakers who take compounds discovered on American soil and conduct these clinical trials in other Western markets, where they can obtain data more quickly and inexpensively before bringing it back to the FDA. One popular locale is Australia, where costs run about 60% lower than U.S.-based clinical trials, largely because the Australian government offers tax incentives to attract this kind of biomedical investment.
Many animal studies address esoteric questions about a drug’s long-term effects on parameters that may not be relevant to its eventual use — for example, at doses and durations of use that may be far beyond how patients will ultimately use the drug. The FDA’s preclinical testing protocols sometimes require American researchers to administer new compounds to animals at levels up to 500 times higher than any intended dose for patients, aiming for maximum animal exposure before human trials can begin. Where the FDA needs to screen for certain remote risks, many animal studies could be safely deferred until human trials confirm that a drug may benefit patients. At that point, it becomes easier for biotechnology companies to raise capital to fund these pro forma testing efforts.
To modernize the process, the FDA could tap into the wealth of data from existing drugs to establish a more phased approach to these requirements, where the amount of initial animal testing is more closely matched to a drug’s novelty and a better estimation of its perceived risks. It’s a prime opportunity to employ artificial intelligence — mining current data and extrapolating known information to newly discovered molecules. For new molecules that share structural similarities with established drugs, where a robust body of safety information already exists (and the likelihood of uncovering novel risks is judged to be minimal), some animal studies might simply be unnecessary. To establish a graduated approach to the scope of pre-clinical toxicology studies that the FDA requires for new molecules, Congress could revise the agency’s statutory framework, explicitly empowering it to adopt such flexible standards. It would also require targeted investments, enabling the FDA to craft the necessary tools and protocols to implement these refined methodologies.
Mice and even primates are often poor proxies for many of the remote toxicities the FDA is trying to test for, anyway. The agency can also make a more concerted effort to adopt advanced technologies, like pieces of human organs embedded in chips that can be used to test for remote dangers a drug may pose to specific organs like the heart and liver. These tools can reliably screen for risks at a fraction of the time and cost. FDA Commissioner Marty Makary recently announced his intention to pursue a plan that would phase out animal studies in the preclinical evaluation of antibody drugs, shifting instead toward innovative technologies that assess toxicology without relying on live animals. This positive step requires the FDA to invest in new capabilities, and scientific staff that possess expertise in these novel domains.
But right now, that investment seems unlikely. The size and scientific scope of the FDA staff responsible for reviewing early-stage drug development — and evaluating data collected from animal studies — has failed to keep up with the increasing complexity and sheer volume of applications flooding into the agency to launch Phase I clinical trials. Now, the FDA has made deep staffing cuts, prompted by DOGE, that have specifically targeted scientific teams that would lead these essential reforms.
Adding to these woes, morale at the FDA has declined so markedly that many foresee a wave of voluntary resignations among clinical reviewers. By thinning the ranks of experts who tackle novel scientific questions and resolve issues that span across different drug development programs — especially the elimination of the policy office within the FDA’s Office of New Drugs, which adjudicated these kinds of cross-cutting scientific questions — the government has impeded the early dialogue with drug developers that often results in streamlining requirements for Phase I studies. Even more challenging, it weakens the staff’s ability to develop new guidance documents and put better review practices into place — reforms essential for lasting improvements to the preclinical review process.
Instead of strengthening America’s biotechnology ecosystem, such measures risk accelerating the migration of discovery activities to China, undermining innovation at home. When U.S. drugmakers license compounds from China, they divert funds that might otherwise bolster innovation hubs such as Boston’s Kendall Square or North Carolina’s Research Triangle. The U.S. biotechnology industry was the world’s envy, but if we’re not careful, every drug could be made in China.
Scott Gottlieb, M.D., is a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and served as commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration from 2017 to 2019. He is a partner at the venture capital firm New Enterprise Associates and serves on the boards of directors of Pfizer Inc. and Illumina.
From FierceBiotech: US Biotech Companies are finding that foreign investments may put them in a precarious position for government funding
By Gabrielle Masson Jun 18, 2025 11:50am
By Gabrielle Masson Jun 18, 2025
The Department of Health and Human Services is allegedly denying clinical trial funding for biotechs based on their ties to certain foreign investors, Fierce Biotech has learned.
At the BIO conference in Boston this week, Fierce spoke with a biotech executive who had their grant pulled, as well as an industry thought leader who backed up the claims about a change in the HHS’ funding approach.
“We’re in a situation where some of the companies are confused about their ability to take foreign investment,” said John Stanford, founder and executive director of Incubate, a nonprofit organization of biotech venture capital firms and patient advocacy groups designed to educate policymakers on life science investment and innovation.
“We’ve been hearing about SBIR grants canceled,” Stanford told Fierce in a separate interview at BIO. “Anecdotally, we’ve also heard it’s a lot more than China and it’s countries—Canada, Norway, the EU—that traditionally we think of as allies.”
“Again, that’s anecdotal,” he stressed. “But we would be very concerned [about] the idea that we won’t take Canadian investments or Japanese investments or EU-based investments.”
“We want foreign investors coming to U.S.-based companies to develop drugs for the world,” Stanford said. “That is a win-win-win.”
Back in February, President Donald Trump issued a memorandum titled the “America First Investment Policy” that aims to restrict both inbound and outbound investments related to “foreign adversaries” in certain strategic industries. The document lacks specifics but puts China front and center while mentioning both healthcare and biotech among the sectors it will regulate.
And the investment analysis firm Jeffries noted that
Looking at financial data from FactSet, Jefferies analysts found biotech funding in May 2025 was down 57%, to just over $2.7 billion, compared to the same time last year. That sum was only slightly better than the nearly $2.6 billion raised in April — the worst haul in three years — and was also 44% lower than the average seen across the past 12 months.
Source: https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/biotech-funding-trump-policy-ipo-venture-pipe/749784/
But according to other Jeffries analysis biotech investment is not diminishing but realigning and maybe going international:
From Health Tech World: https://www.htworld.co.uk/insight/opinion/biotech-investment-isnt-shrinking-its-smarter-fn25/
Today, total capital remains relatively steady, but it’s flowing differently.
Fewer companies are commanding a greater share of investment, and a new global map of biotech leadership is emerging—one where Israel, Italy, Korea, Saudi Arabia, and NAME are not just participants but strategic innovators and investors in the space.
While some correction was inevitable after the pandemic’s urgency subsided, the sector’s foundation had already changed.
CROs didn’t scale down; they doubled down, offering sponsors the flexibility to develop therapies without taking on the full weight of manufacturing and trials in-house.
This shift underpinned a new era of capital efficiency and strategic outsourcing, which is strongly influenced by new smart technologies that generate code and content at a blink of an eye and refine research protocols.
Selective but Strong: The New Capital Math
After the surge of 2020–2021, a funding correction began in late 2022.
According to Jefferies, biotech funding in May 2025 was down 57 per cent year-over-year, dropping to roughly $2.7 billion.
Public markets also cooled. In 2023, biotech IPOs hit their lowest numbers in a decade, and follow-on offerings became increasingly rare.
This deceleration prompted talk of a “biotech winter.” Yet key indicators suggest a market in transition rather than decline. Private equity and venture capital remain active but are more selective.
While early-stage companies face greater hurdles, late-stage biotechs and those with de-risked clinical programs continue to attract significant funding.
Follow the Late-Stage Money
A recent GlobalData report underscores this trend: late-stage biotech companies now receive nearly double the capital of their earlier-stage counterparts.
Median venture rounds for Phase III companies have climbed to $62.5 million, as investors increasingly prioritise assets with regulatory clarity and near-term commercialisation potential.
The post-COVID period has revealed an important funding shift: fewer biotech companies are securing a larger percentage of available capital.
In an environment of macroeconomic uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and rising interest rates, investors are retreating from speculative bets and doubling down on known quantities.
From Gemini: Is US biotech investment going overseas in 2025? Plot in a bar graph the US biotech investment versus worldwide biotech investment by country

Is US biotech investment going overseas in 2025? Plot in a bar graph the US biotech investment versus worldwide biotech investment by country
Yes the US has many more venture capital firms focused on Biotech investment but it is appearing that investment is not staying in the US.
The global biotech funding landscape in 2023: U.S. leads while Europe and China make strides

[Image courtesy of Sergey Nivens/Adobe Stock]
In 2023, the U.S. continued to demonstrate its position as the biotech funding leader, commanding over one-third, 35%, of the global investment in the sector. Overall, U.S. biotech firms attracted $56.79 billion in funding, according to a survey of Crunchbase data. Next in line was China, which contributed about 12.7% to the global funding pool, or $20.61 billion. Up next was Europe, which secured more than $11.46 billion and representing more than 7% of the worldwide funding.
While U.S. leads in total biotech funding, Chinese biotech companies, on average, saw larger funding rounds than either Europe or the U.S. The average funding size per company in China was roughly three times larger than that in the U.S. and six times larger than the average in Europe.
But while China-based companies had larger hauls, they were comparatively few. Chinese biotech secured in cumulative $20.61 billion among just 69 firms, with roughly $299 million in funding per company on average. Meanwhile, the 229 European biotech firms that won funding in the past year attracted $11.46 billion in funding, averaging $50 million each. In comparison, the 583 U.S. biotech companies with recent funding attracted $56.79 billion, averaging $97 million per company.
The map below represents the total biotech funding amount in USD across the globe. Funding amounts are shaded based on companies’ cumulative funding totals and density. Darker shades indicate higher funding amounts and density, with the U.S. hubs on the East and West Coasts showing the darkest shade, reflecting the combination of total funding and density.

The Chinese Biotech Market is expected to grow to over 800 million in 2025. This is on the heels of phenomenal growth from 2013, where almost a ten fold increase in market size growth has been seen from 2013 to 2025. Source: https://www.franklintempleton.co.uk/articles/2025/clearbridge-investments/china-emerging-as-a-global-biotechnology-player

Size of the US Biotech Market is expected to grow from half a billion in 2023 to 1.7 trillion in 2033. Source novaoneadvisor.com
Biotech investment trends in the US for 2025 present a complex picture. While some reports indicate a general slowdown in venture funding for biotech startups and concerns about tariff impacts, other sources suggest resilience within the sector, with strong revenue growth for public biotech companies in both the US and Europe in 2024, expected to continue into 2025. Additionally, there are calls for significant investment within the US to maintain its leadership in biotechnology. Therefore, it is not definitively clear that US biotech investment is predominantly going overseas in 2025, but rather navigating a challenging and evolving landscape.
Regarding US biotech investment versus worldwide biotech investment by country, here is a bar graph of key biotech investment moves in 2025 based on available data. Please note that this data reflects “key moves” in biotech funding for 2025 as reported by Labiotech, and a comprehensive worldwide investment breakdown for all countries was not available.
From Franklin Templeton: China is Emerging as a Global Biotechnology Player
See Source for more: https://www.franklintempleton.co.uk/articles/2025/clearbridge-investments/china-emerging-as-a-global-biotechnology-player
The combined value of China’s outside licensing deals reached around US$46 billion in 2024, up from US$38 billion in 2023 and US$28 billion in 2022, according to data provider NextPharma. Meanwhile, the number of global companies licensing into China has decreased across the same period. These tailwinds have helped China expand its share of global drug development to nearly 30% compared to 48% for the United States, according to data provider Citeline. Strong IP protection has positioned China to receive global investment, with a 2024 policy encouraging more IP collaboration between global and Chinese companies. US investment bank Stifel projects that molecules licensed by large pharmaceutical firms from China will increase to 37% in 2025. This shift has been largely driven by US companies seeking cheaper drug development alternatives and has led to R&D spending in China outpacing that of the United States.
A Closer Look at the Financials and Comparison between China and US Biotech Investment Trends
This rapid growth of Chinese biopharma was predictable back in 2018 as this article from an investment newsletter suggests:
China’s Biopharma Industry: Market Prospects, Investment Paths
November 10, 2022Posted by China BriefingWritten by Yi WuReading Time: 5 minutes
Biopharma, short for biopharmaceuticals, are medical products produced using biotechnology (or biotech). Typical biopharma products include pharmaceuticals generated from living organisms, vaccines, gene therapy, etc.
An important subsector of biotech, China’s biopharma industry has much attention home and abroad, especially after Chinese companies developed multiple COVID-19 vaccines now in wide circulation. Market capitalization of Chinese biopharma companies grew to over US$200 billion in 2020 from US$1 billion in 2016.
With China’s rapidly aging population and a growing affluent middle-class, the country’s biopharma industry presents challenging but compelling opportunities to investors.
In this article, we discuss the market size, growth drivers, and global competition facing China’s biopharma industry and suggest potential investment paths.
How big is China’s biopharma market?
Biopharmaceuticals in China is a lucrative business, with significant domestic demand due to an aging population and expanding household budgets for quality products and services as people’s living standards improve.
China’s healthcare market is predicted to expand from around US$900 billion (RMB 6.47 trillion) in 2019 to US$2.3 trillion (RMB 16.53 trillion) in 2030, and its market size is second to only the US. China’s total expenditure on healthcare as a component of its GDP increased to 5.35 percent in 2019 from 4.23 percent in 2010.
Specifically to the biopharma industry, the market size will likely grow from RMB 345.7 billion (US$47.60 billion) in 2020 to RMB 811.6 billion (US$111.76 billion) in 2025, an 135 percent increase in five years. Similarly, market capitalization of Chinese biopharma companies grew from US$1 billion in 2016 to over US$200 billion in 2020. From 2010 to 2020, 141 new drug and biotech companies were launched in China, doubling from the previous decade.
What are the growth drivers for China’s biopharma industry?
The broader biotech sector is a main focus of the Chinese government’s “Made in China 2025” strategy. The country needs a steady biopharmaceutical industry to address its healthcare needs and to build an internationally competitive and innovative pharmaceutical industry as part of wider economic restructuring. Under the same momentum, on January 30, 2022, nine agencies jointly issued the “14th Five-year Plan for the Development of the Pharmaceuticals Industry” as a guiding document that clarifies the goals and directions for China’s pharmaceutical industry development in the next five years.
Now let’s compare the size of the US biotech market: You can see the US biotech valuation is now similar to the estimated market capitalization of the China market.
The U.S. biotechnology market size was valued at USD 621.55 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 1,794.11 billion by 2033, registering a CAGR of 12.5% from 2024 to 2033. Ongoing government initiatives are the key factors driving the growth of the market. Also, improving approval processes coupled with the favorable reimbursement policies can fuel market growth further.
Key Takeaways:
- DNA sequencing dominated this market and held the highest revenue market share of 18% in 2023
- The others’ segment is anticipated to grow at the fastest CAGR of 28.1% during the forecast period.
- The health segment dominated the market and accounted for the largest revenue market share of 44.13% in 2023.
- Bioinformatics is expected to witness the fastest growth, with a CAGR of 17.2% during the forecast period.
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The U.S. biotechnology market is witnessing major growth contributed by the increasing adoption and applications of biotechnology in many industries like pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food production, environmental conservation, and energy. In addition, market players in the industry are increasingly focusing on innovations across many fields such as energy, medicine, and materials science using biological processes to overcome challenges and fuel technological advancements. Also, in recent years there has been a notable surge in the utilization of biotechnological methods including DNA fingerprinting, stem cell technology, and genetic engineering propelling the market expansion soon.
From BioPharmaDive
Source: https://www.biopharmadive.com/news/biotech-us-china-competition-drug-deals/737543/
‘The bar has risen’: China’s biotech gains push US companies to adapt
A fast-improving pipeline of drugs invented in China is attracting pharma dealmakers, putting pressure on U.S. biotechs and the VC firms that back them.
Published Jan. 16, 2025
Senior Editor
Soon after starting a new biotechnology company, David Li realized he needed to rethink his strategy.
Li had been conducting the competitive research biotech entrepreneurs typically undertake before soliciting investment. He drew up a list of drug targets that his startup, Meliora Therapeutics, could pursue and checked them against the potential competition.
Li quickly found that biotechs in China were already working on many of the targets he had on his list. Curious, he visited Shanghai and Suzhou and witnessed a buzzing scene of startups set frenetically to task.
The latest developments in oncology research
“They’re not really thinking about the U.S. at all. They’re just trying to create more value and stay alive to differentiate themselves from the next guy in China,” he said. “They’re moving quick. There are a lot of them and they’re just quite competitive.”
Li’s experience is illustrative of a trend that could pressure biotech companies in the U.S. and alter their drug development strategies. More and more, large pharmaceutical companies are licensing experimental drugs from China. Venture companies are testing similar tactics by launching new U.S. startups around compounds sourced from China’s laboratories. This shift has been sudden, with licensing deals ramping rapidly over the past two years. And it is occurring even as the shadow of U.S.-China competition within biotech grows longer.
Executives and investors interviewed by BioPharma Dive at the J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference this week share Li’s outlook. They expect such deals will accelerate and, in the process, force U.S. biotechs to work harder to stand out.
“We’ve been warning people for a while, we’re losing our edge,” said Paul Hastings, CEO of cell therapy maker Nkarta and former chair of the U.S. lobbying group the Biotechnology Innovation Organization. “Innovation is now showing up on our doorstep.”
There’s perhaps no clearer example of this than ivonescimab, a drug developed by China-based Akeso Therapeutics and licensed by U.S.-based Summit Therapeutics. Recent results from a lung cancer study run in China showed ivonescimab outperformed Keytruda, Merck’s dominant immunotherapy and currently the pharmaceutical industry’s most lucrative single product.
The finding “put a huge focus on what’s happening in China,” said Boris Zaïtra, head of business development at Roche, which sells a rival to Keytruda.
Fast-moving research
Today’s deal boom has roots in efforts by the Chinese government to upgrade the country’s biotech capabilities by upping investment in technological innovation. In the life sciences, the initiative provided funding, discounted or even free laboratory space and grants to support what Li described as a “robust ecosystem” of biotechs.
The results are clear. Places like Shanghai and Suzhou are home to a skilled workforce of scientists and hundreds of homegrown companies that employ them. Science parks akin to the U.S. biotech hubs of Cambridge, Massachusetts and San Francisco have sprouted up.
Chinese companies generally can move faster, and at a lower cost, than their U.S. counterparts. Startups can go from launch to clinical trials in 18 months or less, compared to a few years in the U.S., Li estimated. Clinical trial enrollment is speedy, while staffing and supply chain costs are lower, helping companies move drugs along more cost effectively.
“If you’re a national company within China running a trial, just by virtue of the networks that you work within, you pay a fraction of what we pay, and the access to patients is enough that you can go really fast,” said Andy Plump, head of research at Takeda Pharmaceutical. “All of those are enablers.”
And what they’ve enabled is a large and growing stockpile of drug prospects, many of which are designed as “me too better” versions of existing medicines, analysts at the investment bank Jefferies wrote in a December report. Initially focused in oncology, China-based companies are now churning out high-quality compounds across multiple therapeutic areas, including autoimmune conditions and obesity.
“There was a huge boom of investment in China, cost of capital was very low, and all these companies blew out huge pipelines,” said Alexis Borisy, a biotech investor and founder of venture capital firm Curie.Bio. ”Anything that anybody was doing in the biotech and pharmaceutical industry, you could probably find 10 to 50 versions of it across the China ecosystem.”
Me-toos become me-betters
For years now, Western biopharma executives have scouted the pipelines of China’s biotech laboratories — exploration that yielded a smattering of licensing deals and research collaborations. Borisy was among them, starting in 2020 a company called EQRx that sought to bring Chinese versions of already-approved drugs to the U.S. and sell them for less. EQRx’s plan backfired amid scrutiny by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of medicines tested only in people from a single country.
Now, however, the pace of deals has accelerated rapidly. There are a few reasons for this. According to Plump, one is the improving quality of the drug compounds being developed. The “me toos” are becoming “me betters” that could surpass available therapies and earn significant revenue for companies — like BeiGene’s blood cancer drug Brukinsa, which, in new prescriptions for the treatment of leukemia, overtook two established medicines of the same type last year.
Another reason, Plump said, is that China-based companies are becoming more innovative, studying drug targets that might not have yet yielded marketed medicines, or for which the most advanced competition is in early testing. Li notes how Chinese companies are going after harder “engineering problems,” like making complex, multifunctional antibody drugs, or antibody-drug conjugates.
“There are so many [companies] that the new assets are going to keep coming,” Li said.
Inside the market strategies of today’s drugmakers
Much as in the U.S., China-based biotechs are also fighting for funding, pushing them to consider licensing deals with multinational pharma companies. At the same time, these pharmas are hunting for cheap medicines they can plug into their pipelines ahead of looming patent cliffs. The two trends are “colliding,” said Kristina Burow, a managing director with Arch Venture Partners. “I don’t see an end to that.”
The statistics bear Burow’s view out. According to Jefferies, the number and average value of deals for China-developed drugs reached record levels last year. Another report, from Stifel’s Tim Opler, showed that pharma companies now source about one-third of their in-licensed molecules from China, up from around 10% to 12% between 2020 and 2022.
“I see huge opportunities for us to partner and work together with Chinese companies,” said Plump, of Takeda.
Several venture-backed startups have been built around China-originated drugs, too, among them Kailera Therapeutics, Verdiva Bio, Candid Therapeutics and Ouro Medicines, all of which launched with nine-figure funding rounds.
“There’s been a lot of really good, high quality molecules and data that have emerged from China over the last couple of years,” said Robert Plenge, the head of research at Bristol Myers Squibb. “It’s also no longer just simply repeating what’s been done with the exact same type of molecule.”
Geopolitical risks
These deals are happening against an uncertain backdrop. The U.S. Congress has spent the last year or so kicking around iterations of the Biosecure Act, a bill that would restrict U.S. biotechs from working with certain China-based drug contractors. A committee in the House of Representatives is calling for new limits on clinical trials that involve Chinese military hospitals. And the incoming Trump administration has threatened tariffs that could ripple across industrial sectors.
“We don’t know what this new administration is going to do,” said Jon Norris, a managing director at HSBC Innovation Banking.
The Biosecure Act “keeps going sideways,” added Hastings, who believes that any impact from the legislation, if passed, would be minimal. Instead, Hastings wonders if future tariffs may be more problematic. “There will be tariffs on other goods coming from China. Does that include raw materials and innovation? It’s hard to imagine that it won’t,” he said.
But executives and investors expect deals to continue, meaning U.S. biotechs will have to do more to compete.
“U.S. companies will need to figure out what it is they’re able to bring to the table that others can’t,” said Burow, of Arch.
Borisy said startups working on first-of-their-kind drugs need to be more secretive than ever. “Do not publish. Do not present at a scientific meeting. Do not put out a poster. Try to make your initial patent filing as obtuse as possible,” he cautioned.
“The second that paper comes out, or poster at any scientific meeting, or talk or patent, assume it has launched a thousand ships.”
Those that are further along should assume companies in China will be quick on their heels with potentially superior drugs. “The day when you could come out with a bad molecule and open up a field is over,” he said.
Greater competition isn’t necessarily a bad thing, according to Neil Kumar, CEO of BridgeBio Pharma. Drug development could become more efficient as pharmas acquire medicines from a “cheaper” starting point and advance them more quickly.
Venture dollars could be directed towards newer ideas, rather than standing up a host of similar companies.“If all of a sudden this makes us less ‘lemming-like,’” Kumar said, “I have no problem with that.”
Li similarly argues that, going forward, U.S. companies need to focus on “novelty and innovation.” At his own company, Li is now working on things “we felt others were not able to access.”
“The game has always been the same. Bring something super differentiated to market,” he said. But “the bar has risen.”
Gwendolyn Wu and Jacob Bell contributed reporting.
Is Chinese Biotechs just Producing Me-Too Drugs or are they Innovating New Molecular Entities?
The following articles explain the areas in which Chinese Biotech is expanding and focused on.
However the sort answer and summary to the aforementioned question is: Definately Chinese Biotechs are innovating at a rapid pace, and new molecular entities and new classes of drugs are outpacing any copycat or mee-too generic drug development.
This article by Joe Renny on LinkedIn focuses on the degree of innovation in Chinese biotech companies. I put the article in mostly its entirety because Joe did an excellent analysis of China’s biotech industry.
You can see the full article here: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/copy-chinas-biotech-boom-can-really-solve-pharmas-roi-joe-renny-rerge/
China’s Biotech Boom: Can It Really Solve Pharma’s ROI Problem?
China’s biotech sector is in the midst of a stunning surge – its stocks have skyrocketed over 60% this year (outpacing even China’s high-flying tech sector), and the country now has over 1,250 innovative drugs in development, nearly catching up with the U.S. pipeline of ~1,440. Once known mainly for generic manufacturing, China is rapidly emerging as a source of differentiated innovation. Global pharma giants have taken notice: major licensing deals are proliferating as Western drugmakers snap up Chinese-born therapies in fields like oncology, metabolic diseases (obesity/diabetes), and immunology. The excitement is palpable – but a critical question looms beneath the optimism: Can this wave of innovation meaningfully improve the pharmaceutical industry’s return on investment (ROI)? In other words, will China’s biotech boom fix the underlying economics of drug development, or are the same old ROI challenges here to stay?
From Copycats to Cutting-Edge: China’s Rapid Ascent in Biotech
In the past decade, China’s pharma landscape has transformed from copycat chemistry to cutting-edge biotech. The sheer scale of innovation is unprecedented. A recent analysis found China had over 1,250 novel drug candidates enter development in 2024, far surpassing the EU and nearly reaching U.S. levels. This is a remarkable jump from just a few years ago – back in 2015, China contributed only ~160 compounds globally. Reforms to streamline drug approvals and massive R&D investments (spurred by initiatives like Made in China 2025) have unleashed a boom led by returnee scientists and ambitious startups.
Importantly, the quality of Chinese innovation has leapt upward alongside quantity. Drugs originating in China are increasingly clearing high bars of efficacy and safety. The world’s strictest regulators, including the U.S. FDA and European EMA, have begun fast-tracking more Chinese-developed drugs with priority reviews and “breakthrough” designations. For example, a cell therapy for blood cancer developed by China’s Legend Biotech won FDA approval (marketed by Johnson & Johnson) and is considered superior to a rival U.S. therapy. Another China-origin drug – Akeso Inc.’s novel cancer antibody that outperformed Merck’s Keytruda in trials – triggered a global wave of interest and a $500 million licensing deal in 2022. In short, China is no longer just a low-cost manufacturing base; it’s producing world-class treatments that Big Pharma is eager to get its hands on.
This trend is also evident in the stock markets. After a four-year slump, Chinese biotech stocks have roared back, becoming one of Asia’s best-performing sectors in 2025. The Hang Seng Biotech Index in Hong Kong is up over 60% since January, vastly outperforming broader tech indices. Investors are excited by signals that China is becoming a true global hub for biopharma innovation. According to one analyst, “China biotech is now a disruptive force reshaping global drug innovation… The science is real, the economics are compelling, and the pipeline is starting to deliver”. All of this represents a fundamental shift in the industry’s centre of gravity – and perhaps a new source of competitive pressure on Western incumbents.
Western Pharma’s Response: Licensing Deals and Partnerships Accelerate
Global pharmaceutical companies aren’t standing on the sidelines – they’re rushing to collaborate with and invest in Chinese biotechs. In fact, U.S. and European drugmakers have dramatically stepped up licensing deals to tap China’s innovations. Through the first half of 2025 alone, U.S. companies signed 14 licensing agreements worth up to $18.3 billion for Chinese-origin drugs, a huge jump from just 2 such deals in the same period a year earlier. Many of these partnerships involve potential blockbusters in cancer, metabolic disorders, and other areas where Chinese R&D is making leaps.
- Oncology: China has become a hotbed for cancer drug innovation, especially with advanced biologics like bispecific antibodies. In May 2025, Pfizer paid a record $1.25 billion upfront to license a PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody from China’s 3SBio (a deal worth up to $6 billion with milestones). Weeks later, Bristol Myers Squibb struck an $11.5 billion alliance for a similar immunotherapy developed in China. Virtually every active clinical trial for certain cutting-edge cancer combos (like PD-1/VEGF drugs) now originates in China, making it a goldmine for Western firms seeking the next breakthrough. AstraZeneca, Merck, Novartis, and others have all scooped up Chinese cancer therapies in recent years as they cast their nets wider for innovation.
- Metabolic & Obesity Drugs: Western pharma is also eyeing China’s contributions in metabolic diseases. Notably, Merck licensed a Chinese-developed GLP-1 oral drug (for diabetes/obesity) from Hansoh Pharma in late 2022 for up to $1.7 billion. And in 2025, Regeneron paid $80 million upfront (in a deal worth up to $2 billion) for rights to an experimental obesity drug from Hansoh. These deals underscore that Chinese labs are producing competitive candidates in the red-hot obesity/diabetes arena – an area of huge global market potential.
- Autoimmune & Other Areas: While oncology leads, Chinese biotechs are also advancing novel therapies in immunology and autoimmune diseases. For example, multiple deals in 2024–25 have focused on inflammatory conditions and neurology, indicating breadth in China’s pipeline. As one industry banker observed, roughly one-third of all new assets licensed by large pharmas in 2024 originated from China, and this could rise to 40–50% in coming years. In other words, nearly half of Big Pharma’s in-licensed pipeline may soon be sourced from China – a radical change from a decade ago.
Underpinning this deal frenzy is a stark reversal of roles: China has shifted from mostly importing therapies to now exporting its homegrown innovations. Back in 2015, Chinese companies mainly signed “license-in” deals to bring foreign drugs to China. But by 2024, nearly half of China’s transactions were license-out deals, with Chinese firms granting global rights to their own drugs. In 2024 alone, Chinese biotechs out-licensed 94 novel projects to overseas partners, often at early clinical stages. This boom in outbound deals – especially for high-value cancer therapies (like ADCs and bispecific antibodies) – highlights China’s maturation as an innovation engine.
In a scientific paper published by Yan et al, the authors provided a comparative analysis between the US, EU, and China of new approved drugs from the years 2019- 2023.
Yan Y, Guo X, Li Z, Shi W, Long M, Yue X, Kong F, Zhao Z. New Drug Approvals in China: An International Comparative Analysis, 2019-2023. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Apr 3;19:2629-2639. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S514132.
In the paper, the authors retrieved approval data from from the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), including information on the generic name, trade name, applicants, target, approval date, drug type, approved indications, therapeutic area, the highest R&D status in China, and special approval status. The approval time gaps between China and other regions were calculated.
Results: Interestingly, China led with 256 new drug approvals, followed by the US (243 approvals), the EU (191 approvals), and Japan (187 approvals). Oncology, hematology, and infectiology were identified as the leading therapeutic areas globally and in China. Notably, PD-1 and EGFR inhibitors saw substantial approval, with 8 drugs each approved by the NMPA. China significantly reduced the approval timeline gap with the US and the EU since 2021, approving 15 first-in-class drugs during the study period.
The authors concluded, that despite the COVID-19 years, Chinese biotech has rapidly innovated in the biotech space and made up for the time gaps with increased research productivity.

Number of drug approvals by regulatory agency. Source: Yan Y, Guo X, Li Z, Shi W, Long M, Yue X, Kong F, Zhao Z. New Drug Approvals in China: An International Comparative Analysis, 2019-2023. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Apr 3;19:2629-2639. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S514132.

A comparison of drug approvals in US and China, as percentage of clinical use in various disease states. Source: Yan Y, Guo X, Li Z, Shi W, Long M, Yue X, Kong F, Zhao Z. New Drug Approvals in China: An International Comparative Analysis, 2019-2023. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Apr 3;19:2629-2639. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S514132.
China Biotech Innovation Hubs
The following was generated by Google AI
China has several prominent biotech innovation hubs, with the Yangtze River Delta region (including Shanghai, Suzhou, and Hangzhou) and Beijing being particularly strong. These regions leverage strong academic and research institutions, high R&D expenditures, and significant investment to foster a vibrant biotech ecosystem.
Here’s a closer look at some key hubs:
Yangtze River Delta:
- Shanghai:
A major hub with a focus on oncology, cell and gene therapy, and a strong track record of biotech IPOs. It’s home to the Zhangjiang Biotech and Pharmaceutical Base, known as China’s “Medicine Valley”. - Suzhou:
Known for the BioBay industrial park, which houses numerous biotechnology and technology companies. - Hangzhou:
Features a growing biotech sector, with companies like Hangzhou DAC Biotech.
Other Notable Hubs:
- Beijing:
A major hub for biotech innovation, with strong academic and research institutions like Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. - Guangzhou:
The Guangzhou International Bio Island focuses on regenerative medicine, gene editing, and molecular diagnostics. - Wuhan:
Wuhan Biolake is a key player in areas like biomedicine, bio-agriculture, and bio-manufacturing. - Shenzhen:
Features an innovation hub that supports synthetic biology startups and accelerates the commercialization of new biotech materials.
Key Factors Driving Growth:
- Strong government support and investment:
China has been actively promoting the growth of its biotech sector through various initiatives and funding programs. - High R&D expenditures:
China is investing heavily in research and development, particularly in the tech, manufacturing, and biotech sectors. - Increasingly strong talent pool:
China is producing a growing number of STEM graduates and globally recognized researchers. - AI and technology integration:
AI is being applied to drug design and discovery, accelerating innovation. - Focus on specific areas:
Different hubs are specializing in areas like oncology, regenerative medicine, and medical devices.
Overall, China’s biotech sector is experiencing rapid growth and is becoming a significant player in the global landscape, with these hubs leading the way.
Articles of Interest on International Biotech Venture Investment on the Open Access Scientific Journal Include:
CAR T-Cell Therapy Market: 2020 – 2027 – Global Market Analysis and Industry Forecast
Bridging the Gender Gap in Healthcare: Unlocking Biopharma’s Potential in Women’s Health
Posted in AI Models in Healthcare, Artificial Intelligence Applications in Health Care, Artificial Intelligence in Health Care - Tools & Innovations, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, Digital HealthCare – biotech & internet joint ventures, Electronic Health Record, Genetics & Pharmaceutical, Genomics Pharmacy, Glycobiology: Biopharmaceutical Production, Health Care System by Country, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Health Law & Patient Safety, Health Law Policy, Healthcare costs and reimbursement, HealthCare IT, Healthcare Reform, Human Immune System in Health and in Disease, Mobile Healthcare, Personal Health Applications: Tech Innovations serves HealhCare, Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Discovery, Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Industry Competitive Intelligence, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Pharmaceutical R&D Investment, Pharmacogenomics, Population Health Management, Population Health Management, Genetics & Pharmaceutical, Population Health Management, Nutrition and Phytochemistry, Technology Transfer: Biotech and Pharmaceutical, Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Voices of Patients and Healthcare Providers, Wearable Tech + Digital Health, Women Health, tagged advance therapy, Biopharmaceutical, gap, gender, Targeted therapy, translational therapy, womens' health on February 4, 2025| Leave a Comment »
Curator: Dr. Sudipta Saha, Ph.D.
Nearly half of the global population—and 80 percent of patients in therapeutic areas such as immunology—are women. Yet, treatments are frequently developed without tailored insights for female patients, often ignoring critical biological differences such as hormonal impacts, genetic factors, and cellular sex. Historically, women’s health has been narrowly defined through the lens of reproductive organs, while for non-reproductive conditions, women were treated as “small men.” This lack of focus on sex-specific biology has contributed to significant gaps in healthcare.
A recent analysis found that women spend 25 percent more of their lives in poor health compared with men due to the absence of sex-based treatments. Addressing this disparity could not only improve women’s quality of life but also unlock over $1 trillion in annual global GDP by 2040.
Four key factors contribute to the women’s health gap: limited understanding of sex-based biological differences, healthcare systems designed around male physiology, incomplete data that underestimates women’s disease burden, and chronic underfunding of female-focused research. For instance, despite women representing 78 percent of U.S. rheumatoid arthritis patients, only 7 percent of related NIH funding in 2019 targeted female-specific studies.
However, change is happening. Companies have demonstrated how targeted R&D can drive better outcomes for women. These therapies achieved expanded FDA approvals after clinical trials revealed their unique benefits for female patients. Similarly, addressing sex-based treatment gaps in asthma, atrial fibrillation, and tuberculosis could prevent millions of disability-adjusted life years.
By closing the women’s health gap, biopharma companies can drive innovation, improve therapeutic outcomes, and build high-growth markets while addressing long-standing inequities. This untapped opportunity holds the potential to transform global health outcomes for women and create a more equitable future.
References
The Health Care Dossier on Clarivate PLC: How Cortellis Is Changing the Life Sciences Industry
Posted in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - Applications in Therapeutics, Big Data, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, Drug Development Process, Intelligent Information Systems, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Industry Competitive Intelligence, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, tagged AI in drug discovery, Artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence in drug design, bioinformatic tools, Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Clarivate, Cortellis, Mergers and acquisitions, pharmaceutical intelligence on April 16, 2024| Leave a Comment »
The Health Care Dossier on Clarivate PLC: How Cortellis Is Changing the Life Sciences Industry
Curator: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarivate
Clarivate Plc is a British-American publicly traded analytics company that operates a collection of subscription-based services, in the areas of bibliometrics and scientometrics; business / market intelligence, and competitive profiling for pharmacy and biotech, patents, and regulatory compliance; trademark protection, and domain and brand protection. In the academy and the scientific community, Clarivate is known for being the company that calculates the impact factor,[4] using data from its Web of Science product family, that also includes services/applications such as Publons, EndNote, EndNote Click, and ScholarOne. Its other product families are Cortellis, DRG, CPA Global, Derwent, MarkMonitor, CompuMark, and Darts-ip, [3] and also the various ProQuest products and services.
Clarivate was formed in 2016, following the acquisition of Thomson Reuters‘ Intellectual Property and Science business by Onex Corporation and Baring Private Equity Asia. Clarivate has acquired various companies since then, including, notably, ProQuest in 2021.
Further information: Thomson Scientific
Clarivate (formerly CPA Global) was formerly the Intellectual Property and Science division of Thomson Reuters. Before 2008, it was known as Thomson Scientific. In 2016, Thomson Reuters struck a $3.55 billion deal in which they spun it off as an independent company, and sold it to private-equity firms Onex Corporation and Baring Private Equity Asia.
In May 2019, Clarivate merged with the Churchill Capital Corp SPAC to obtain a public listing on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) It currently trades with symbol NYSE:CLVT.
Acquisitions
- June 1, 2017: Publons, a platform for researchers to share recognition for peer review.
- April 10, 2018: Kopernio, AI-tech startup providing ability to search for full-text versions of selected scientific journal articles.
- October 30, 2018: TrademarkVision, provider of Artificial Intelligence (AI) trademark research applications.
- September 9, 2019: SequenceBase, provider of patent sequence information and search technology to the biotech, pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
- December 2, 2019: Darts-ip, provider of case law data and analytics for intellectual property (IP) professionals.
- January 17, 2020: Decision Resources Group (DRG), a leading healthcare research and consulting company, providing high-value healthcare industry analysis and insights.
- June 22, 2020: CustomersFirst Now, in intellectual property (“IP”) software and tech-enabled services.
- October 1, 2020: CPA Global, intellectual property (“IP”) software and tech-enabled services.
- December 1, 2021: ProQuest, software, data and analytics provider to academic, research and national institutions.[27]It was acquired for $5.3 billion from Cambridge Information Group in what was described as a “huge deal in the library and information publishing world”. The company said that the operational concept behind the acquisition was integrating ProQuest’s products and applications with Web of Science. Chairman of ProQuest Andy Snyder became the vice chairman of Clarivate. The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, an advocacy group for open access to scholarship, voiced antitrust concerns. The acquisition had been delayed mid-year due to a Federal Trade Commission antitrust probe.
Divestments
- November 2020: Clarivate sold its Techstreet division to a for-profit subsidiary of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
- November 2022: Clarivate divested MarkMonitorto Newfold Digital. MarkMonitor registers the domains of Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Tencent, YouTube, Wikipedia, and eBay, among other companies. They provide domain management, brand protection, anti-piracy, and anti-fraud services.
How Clarivate Has Changed Since 2019
2019 Strategy
From 2019 Manager Discussion Yearly Report
We are a leading global information services and analytics company serving the scientific research, intellectual property and life sciences end-markets. We provide structured information and analytics to facilitate the discovery, protection and commercialization of scientific research, innovations and brands. Our product porfolio includes well-established market-leading brands such as Web of Science, Derwent Innovation, Life Sciences, CompuMark and MarkMonitor (which they later divested). We believe that the stron balue proposition of our content, user interfaces, visualization and analytical tools, combined with the integration of our products and services into customers’ daily workflows, leads to our substantial customer loyalty as evidenced by their willingness to renew subscriptions with us.
Our structure, enabling a sharp focus on cross-selling opportunities within markets, is comprised of two product groups:
- Science Group: consists of Web of Science and Life Science Product Lines
- Intellectual Property Group: consists of Derwent, CompuMark and MarkMonitor
Corporations, government agencies, universities, law firms depend on our high-value curated content, analytics and services. Unstructured data has grown exponentially over the last decade. The trend has resulted in a critical need for unstructured data to be meaningfully filtered, analyzed and curated into relvent information that facilitates key operational and strategic decision making. Our highly curated, proprietary information created through our sourcing, aggregation, verification, translation, and categorization (ONTOLOGY) of data has resulted in our solutions being embedded in our customers’ workflow and decision-making processes.

Overview of Clarivate PLC five year strategy in 2019. Note that in 2019 the Science Group accounted for 56.2% of revenue! This was driven by their product Cortellis!
Figure. Overview of Clarivate PLC five year strategy in 2019. Note that in 2019 the Science Group accounted for 56.2% of revenue! This was driven by their product Cortellis!
Also Note nowhere in the M&A Discussion in years before 2023 was anything mentioned concerning AI or Large Language Models.
The Clarivate of Today: Built for Life Sciences with Cortellis
Clarivate PLC has integrated multiple platforms into their offering Cortellis, which integrated AI and LLM into the structured knowledge bases (see more at https://clarivate.com/products/cortellis-family/)
“Life sciences organizations are tasked, now more than ever, to discover and develop treatments that challenge the status quo, increase ROI, and improve patient lives. However, its become increasingly difficult to find, integrate and analyze the key data your teams need to make critical decisions and get your Cortellis products to patients faster.
The Cortellis solutions help research and development, portfolio strategy and business development, and regulatory and compliance professionals gather and assess the information you need to discover innovative drugs, differentiate your treatments, and increase chances of successful regulatory approval.
Some of Cortellis solutions include:
- Cortellis Competitive Intelligence: maximize ROI and improve patient outcomes
- Cortellis Deals Intelligence: Portfolio Strategy and Business Development (find best deal)
- Cortellis Clinical Intelligence: Clinical Trial Support and Regulatory
- Cortellis Digital Health Intelligence: understand digital health ecosystem
- Cortellis Drug Discovery: improve drug development speed and efficiency
- MetaBase and MetaCore: integrated omics knowledge bases for drug discovery
- Cortellis Regulatory: help with filings
- Cortellis HTA: health tech compliance (HIPAA)
- CMC Intelligence: new drug marketing
- Generics Intelligence
- Drug Safety Intelligence: both preclinical safety and post marketing pharmacovigilence
Watch Videos on Cortellis for Drug Discovery
Watch Video on Qiagen Site to see how Cortellis Integrates with Qiagen Omics Platform IPA with Clarivate Meta Core to gain more insights into genomic and proteomic data
From the Qiagen website on Ingenuity Pathway Analysis: https://digitalinsights.qiagen.com/products-overview/discovery-insights-portfolio/analysis-and-visualization/qiagen-ipa/
Understand complex ‘omics data to accelerate your research
Discover why QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) is the leading pathway analysis application among the life science research community and is cited in tens of thousands of articles for the analysis, integration and interpretation of data derived from ‘omics experiments. Such experiments include:
- RNA-seq
- Small RNA-seq
- Metabolomics
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- Microarrays including miRNA and SNP
- Small-scale experiments
With QIAGEN IPA you can predict downstream effects and identify new targets or candidate biomarkers. QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis helps you perform insightful data analysis and interpretation to understand your experimental results within the context of various biological systems.
Articles Relevant to Drug Development, Natural Language Processing in Drug Development, and Clarivate on this Open Access Scientific Journal Include:
From High-Throughput Assay to Systems Biology: New Tools for Drug Discovery
Medical Startups – Artificial Intelligence (AI) Startups in Healthcare
Clarivate Analytics – a Powerhouse in IP assets and in Pharmaceuticals Informercials
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Used to Successfully Determine Most Likely Repurposed Antibiotic Against Deadly Superbug Acinetobacter baumanni
Posted in Antibiotic resistance, Artificial Intelligence in Health Care - Tools & Innovations, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine - Applications in Therapeutics, Drug Development Process, drug repurposing, Evidence-based decision-making, Infectious Disease & New Antibiotic Targets, Inflammatory Pathophysiology, Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, tagged Acinetobacter baumanni, AI, Antibiotic resistance, Artificial intelligence, Artificial Intelligence ( AI), artificial intelligence in drug design, drug screens, in silico, rational drug design, superbug, WHO on May 26, 2023| Leave a Comment »
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Used to Successfully Determine Most Likely Repurposed Antibiotic Against Deadly Superbug Acinetobacter baumanni
Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.
The World Health Organization has identified 3 superbugs, or infective micororganisms displaying resistance to common antibiotics and multidrug resistance, as threats to humanity:
Three bacteria were listed as critical:
- Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria that are resistant to important antibiotics called carbapenems. Acinetobacter baumannii are highly-drug resistant bacteria that can cause a range of infections for hospitalized patients, including pneumonia, wound, or blood infections.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are resistant to carbapenems. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause skin rashes and ear infectious in healthy people but also severe blood infections and pneumonia when contracted by sick people in the hospital.
- Enterobacteriaceae — a family of bacteria that live in the human gut — that are resistant to both carbepenems and another class of antibiotics, cephalosporins.
It has been designated critical need for development of antibiotics to these pathogens. Now researchers at Mcmaster University and others in the US had used artificial intelligence (AI) to screen libraries of over 7,000 chemicals to find a drug that could be repurposed to kill off the pathogen.
Liu et. Al. (1) published their results of an AI screen to narrow down potential chemicals that could work against Acinetobacter baumanii in Nature Chemical Biology recently.
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial Gram-negative pathogen that often displays multidrug resistance. Discovering new antibiotics against A. baumannii has proven challenging through conventional screening approaches. Fortunately, machine learning methods allow for the rapid exploration of chemical space, increasing the probability of discovering new antibacterial molecules. Here we screened ~7,500 molecules for those that inhibited the growth of A. baumannii in vitro. We trained a neural network with this growth inhibition dataset and performed in silico predictions for structurally new molecules with activity against A. baumannii. Through this approach, we discovered abaucin, an antibacterial compound with narrow-spectrum activity against A. baumannii. Further investigations revealed that abaucin perturbs lipoprotein trafficking through a mechanism involving LolE. Moreover, abaucin could control an A. baumannii infection in a mouse wound model. This work highlights the utility of machine learning in antibiotic discovery and describes a promising lead with targeted activity against a challenging Gram-negative pathogen.

Schematic workflow for incorporation of AI for antibiotic drug discovery for A. baumannii from 1. Liu, G., Catacutan, D.B., Rathod, K. et al. Deep learning-guided discovery of an antibiotic targeting Acinetobacter baumannii. Nat Chem Biol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-023-01349-8
Figure source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-023-01349-8
Article Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-023-01349-8
- Liu, G., Catacutan, D.B., Rathod, K. et al.Deep learning-guided discovery of an antibiotic targeting Acinetobacter baumannii. Nat Chem Biol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-023-01349-8
For reference to WHO and lists of most pathogenic superbugs see https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/who-releases-list-of-worlds-most-dangerous-superbugs/
The finding was first reported by the BBC.
Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-65709834
By James Gallagher
Health and science correspondent
Scientists have used artificial intelligence (AI) to discover a new antibiotic that can kill a deadly species of superbug.
The AI helped narrow down thousands of potential chemicals to a handful that could be tested in the laboratory.
The result was a potent, experimental antibiotic called abaucin, which will need further tests before being used.
The researchers in Canada and the US say AI has the power to massively accelerate the discovery of new drugs.
It is the latest example of how the tools of artificial intelligence can be a revolutionary force in science and medicine.
Stopping the superbugs
Antibiotics kill bacteria. However, there has been a lack of new drugs for decades and bacteria are becoming harder to treat, as they evolve resistance to the ones we have.
More than a million people a year are estimated to die from infections that resist treatment with antibiotics.The researchers focused on one of the most problematic species of bacteria – Acinetobacter baumannii, which can infect wounds and cause pneumonia.
You may not have heard of it, but it is one of the three superbugs the World Health Organization has identified as a “critical” threat.
It is often able to shrug off multiple antibiotics and is a problem in hospitals and care homes, where it can survive on surfaces and medical equipment.
Dr Jonathan Stokes, from McMaster University, describes the bug as “public enemy number one” as it’s “really common” to find cases where it is “resistant to nearly every antibiotic”.
Artificial intelligence
To find a new antibiotic, the researchers first had to train the AI. They took thousands of drugs where the precise chemical structure was known, and manually tested them on Acinetobacter baumannii to see which could slow it down or kill it.
This information was fed into the AI so it could learn the chemical features of drugs that could attack the problematic bacterium.
The AI was then unleashed on a list of 6,680 compounds whose effectiveness was unknown. The results – published in Nature Chemical Biology – showed it took the AI an hour and a half to produce a shortlist.
The researchers tested 240 in the laboratory, and found nine potential antibiotics. One of them was the incredibly potent antibiotic abaucin.
Laboratory experiments showed it could treat infected wounds in mice and was able to kill A. baumannii samples from patients.
However, Dr Stokes told me: “This is when the work starts.”
The next step is to perfect the drug in the laboratory and then perform clinical trials. He expects the first AI antibiotics could take until 2030 until they are available to be prescribed.
Curiously, this experimental antibiotic had no effect on other species of bacteria, and works only on A. baumannii.
Many antibiotics kill bacteria indiscriminately. The researchers believe the precision of abaucin will make it harder for drug-resistance to emerge, and could lead to fewer side-effects.
In principle, the AI could screen tens of millions of potential compounds – something that would be impractical to do manually.
“AI enhances the rate, and in a perfect world decreases the cost, with which we can discover these new classes of antibiotic that we desperately need,” Dr Stokes told me.
The researchers tested the principles of AI-aided antibiotic discovery in E. coli in 2020, but have now used that knowledge to focus on the big nasties. They plan to look at Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa next.
“This finding further supports the premise that AI can significantly accelerate and expand our search for novel antibiotics,” said Prof James Collins, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He added: “I’m excited that this work shows that we can use AI to help combat problematic pathogens such as A. baumannii.”
Prof Dame Sally Davies, the former chief medical officer for England and government envoy on anti-microbial resistance, told Radio 4’s The World Tonight: “We’re onto a winner.”
She said the idea of using AI was “a big game-changer, I’m thrilled to see the work he (Dr Stokes) is doing, it will save lives”.
Other related articles and books published in this Online Scientific Journal include the following:
Series D: e-Books on BioMedicine – Metabolomics, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Reproductive Genomic Endocrinology
(3 book series: Volume 1, 2&3, 4)
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08VVWTNR4?ref_=dbs_p_pwh_rwt_anx_b_lnk&storeType=ebooks
- The Immune System, Stress Signaling, Infectious Diseases and Therapeutic Implications:
- Series D, VOLUME 2
Infectious Diseases and Therapeutics
and
- Series D, VOLUME 3
The Immune System and Therapeutics
(Series D: BioMedicine & Immunology) Kindle Edition.
On Amazon.com since September 4, 2017
(English Edition) Kindle Edition – as one Book
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B075CXHY1B $115
Bacterial multidrug resistance problem solved by a broad-spectrum synthetic antibiotic
The Journey of Antibiotic Discovery
FDA cleared Clever Culture Systems’ artificial intelligence tech for automated imaging, analysis and interpretation of microbiology culture plates speeding up Diagnostics
The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene: Recent Happenings & Deals
Posted in BioTechnology - Venture Creation, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Venture Capital, Drug Development Process, Global Partnering & Biotech Investment, Innovations, Institutional Capital Raised by Female Founders, Intellectual Property, Innovations, Commercialization, Investment in technological breakthrough, International Global Work in Pharmaceutical, Investment in Technological Breakthrough, Pharmaceutical Discovery, Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Industry Competitive Intelligence, R&D Expenditure, Venture Capital, tagged biotech incubator, Biotech Investment and Venture Growth: The Franchising of Intellectual Property as a Business Model, biotech startup, Biotechnology, Investment in Technological Breakthrough, philadelphia on March 11, 2023| Leave a Comment »
The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene: Recent Happenings & Deals
Curator: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.
UPDATED: 07/06/2026
This update is a review on the current biotech funding situation as of Q1 of 2026. The situation in Philadelphia biotech has turned a bit dire, as CRE that went on massive construction projects are finding vacancy rates up in certain neighborhoods and hubs in the Philadelphia area. Presented here are some of the observations from CRE, the investment community, and some recent issues in biotech buildouts that have reshaped the Philly landscape.
The following is a post form Technical.ly in Philadelphia on the issues in finding Venture Capital to stay and grow in the Philadelphia Area. As noted, the dearth of venture capitalist firms in the city or commited to the cities’ biotech initiative is a major reason for some of the recent setbacks to Philly Biotech.
Source: https://technical.ly/entrepreneurship/life-sciences-year-in-review-2025/
Philly’s life sciences scene saw wins this year, but there’s still a big problem: Money
Partnerships with giants like Eli Lilly and Thermo Fisher Scientific put biotech in the spotlight again, though founders still struggle to find investments in their hometown.
Written by Sarah Huffman
December 18, 2025
Edited by Katie Malone
HiveBio Accelerator 2025 cohort at its Investor Showcase (Courtesy HiveBio)
2025 pulled into focus the cracks in Philly’s life sciences ecosystem.
Philly has the talent, research institutions and collaboration to build a strong life sciences community. That’s helped the region build a reputation in the sector, but stakeholders say there’s not enough local funding to keep companies growing here.
With exciting partnerships started this year and more opportunities coming in 2026, capital is needed if Philadelphia wants the sector to reach its full potential.
“The fact that we’ve got excellent research capabilities and spin-off capabilities in Philadelphia speaks to the intellectual horsepower,” Ira Spector, CEO of SFA Therapeutics, told Technical.ly, “but Philadelphia does not have a very well-developed venture capital infrastructure.”
This year, Philly attracted major outside interest. Most recently, global pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly announced plans to open a new Lilly Gateway Labs in Center City, an incubator for early-stage biotech companies.
“Access to capital is a critical factor in moving forward, and that’s been a frustrating thing for us.”
Ira Spector, CEO of SFA Therapeutics
Other national orgs have taken steps to increase their regional presence, too. Thermo Fisher Scientific, a global equipment and services company, announced a partnership and opened its second Advanced Therapies Collaboration Center with BioLabs Philadelphia.
New local resources sprouted, catering directly to startups’ VC needs. The HiveBio accelerator, which supports minority founders in the life sciences space, launched this year. After wrapping up its pilot this month, the program reported successful fundraising efforts for most of its cohort companies.
These wins happened against a backdrop of internal company turmoil in 2025. The region’s cell and gene therapy standout Spark Therapeutics took a hit when its parent company Roche designated it as a financial loss, eventually laying off about half of its employees. Other companies like Century Therapeutics and Adaptimmune announced significant layoffs this year, too.
For life sciences — and the entire startup ecosystem — venture capital has also become harder to come by as the market fluctuated throughout 2025.
Developing a drug or therapy and bringing it to market is extremely expensive work. Oftentimes, investors don’t want to give money to companies that are still high risk, but it takes money to support development to derisk the product, Spector said.
Without that cash, Philly could lose its rising stars — like GEMMA Bio, a standout that raised $34 million this year — to nearby life sciences hotspots like Boston. While Philly consistently lags behind Boston, San Diego and San Francisco, it still ranks high for life sciences talent, which continues to attract new companies.
“Philly is finally starting to step on the map,” Rakesh Shah, founder of Newtown-based medical device company DRS.LINQ, said. “We have so much talent in the biomedical engineering and med tech space. It’s just we need to harness that energy, bring it all together.”
A well-connected community, but few investors to maintain it
Founders are already looking for major investments outside of Philly, as it’s often their only option, according to Jean Cho, CEO of Trevarx Biomedical.
Jenkintown-based biotech company SFA Therapeutics is experiencing this firsthand. As it raises its next funding round, the majority of the money is coming from investors outside the region, CEO Spector said.
The company is tied to Philly because of its affiliation with Temple University and investments from Ben Franklin Technology Partners. It’s also integrated with Pennsylvania’s life sciences ecosystem, attending programming hosted by orgs like Life Sciences PA, although there aren’t usually a ton of investors at those events, Spector said.
The lack of local funding has caused Spector to consider what the company’s future would look like in other parts of the country. In Boston, for example, the VC ecosystem is very well developed, he said, and the company has raised money from investors there.
A bright spot: Millions raised by just one accelerator
Despite the lack of a strong local investor network, Philly isn’t alone in having a VC slowdown.
In general, the life sciences sector has been struggling this year, especially for early-stage companies. Since the IPO market for biotech companies has slowed down, investors aren’t making their money back and are focusing instead on existing later-stage firms.
But there are some programs in the city helping founders to secure much-needed investments.
The HiveBio accelerator exceeded its first-year goal, helping eight out of 10 companies raise a total of $3.6 million during the nine-month program, Tia Lyles-Williams, founder and CIO of HiveBio, told Technical.ly. Plus, a lot of that money came from local investors like Ben Franklin Technology Partners and Robin Hood Ventures, she said.
The key, she said, was giving founders as many opportunities as possible to have face time with investors.
“They had the opportunity, behind closed doors, with these mentors to be totally transparent about what they know, what they didn’t know, and what they needed,” she said. “These mentors and these experts in our local investment community delivered on that, they received it, implemented it, and that’s how these checks got written.”
“This is an industry that runs on capital,” Spector said. “It requires capital to prove that a drug or a therapeutic or a diagnostic or device works, and that means that access to capital is a critical factor in moving forward, and that’s been a frustrating thing for us.”
This story is made possible thanks to support from Ben Franklin Technology Partners of Southeastern Pennsylvania, a nonprofit that leads the Philadelphia region’s equitable economic growth by nurturing and investing in innovative, early-stage companies, and through purposeful involvement in regional and national initiatives. All stories are independently reported, with no partner review.
This is an analysis of the risk associated to bond tranches in the Philly Biotech niche
When looking at the riskiest secured bond tranches for the biotechnology sector in the Greater Philadelphia area, the risk is completely split between two totally different financial assets: commercial real estate debt backing empty lab spaces and corporate first-lien loans issued by struggling drug-development firms.
While “secured” bonds are theoretically lower risk because they are backed by physical or intellectual property collateral, specific sub-sectors in Philadelphia are facing unprecedented headwinds. [1, 2, 3, 4]
1. The Real Estate Angle: Speculative Lab Building Bonds
The absolute highest concentration of risk for secured debt sits with senior secured credit facilities, CMBS tranches, and construction bank bonds backing recently completed, unleased life sciences real estate. From 2019 to 2021, developers rushed to build or retrofit lab spaces, creating a massive oversupply just as venture capital funding slowed down. [1, 5, 6]
- University City Speculative Developments: University City is the epicenter of Philly’s biotech boom, but the submarket currently faces a staggering 39.1% to 40% vacancy rate. Secured bonds or construction debt tranches tied directly to newly built, unleased towers in this zone (such as Brandywine’s mostly empty 3151 Market St. lab facility) are highly vulnerable. Without tenant cash flows to service the debt, these properties face imminent refinancing or modification risks. [1, 5, 7, 8, 9]
- Suburban “Mega-Lab” Tranches: Out in the suburbs, massive suburban lab conversions are driving negative absorption. A prime example is the The Discover Labs in King of Prussia, where huge blocks of lab space became vacant. Tranches of commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) or private credit heavily exposed to these massive suburban footprints carry elevated risk as local tenants shrink their physical boundaries. [10, 11]
2. The Corporate Angle: Asset-Backed Pre-Revenue Biotech Debt
For actual biotechnology companies (as opposed to their landlords), public bond issuance is rare. Instead, their secured debt takes the form of First-Lien Term Loans or Senior Secured Notes. [12]
Because biotech venture capital funding in Philadelphia dropped sharply—falling from $1.2 billion in 2021 to roughly $600 million—companies are facing a severe cash crunch. The riskiest secured corporate debt tranches share distinct characteristics: [13, 14, 15]
- Maturity Term Loans: The riskiest tranches are senior secured facility loans facing upcoming refinancing walls. Lenders hold first-lien rights over the company’s patent portfolio, drug pipelines, and lab equipment. If a clinical trial fails, the “secured” collateral (intellectual property) loses almost all market value overnight. [16]
- Sidecar & PIK (Payment-in-Kind) Tranches: To avoid outright defaults, distressed Philly biotechs are increasingly utilizing structured “sidecar facilities” or paying interest using more debt (PIK). These specific tranches are highly speculative because they delay the cash crunch rather than fixing the underlying capital structure. [8, 17]
Summary of Risk Profile
|
Tranche Type [1, 5, 10, 11, 13, 18, 19] |
Location/Focus |
Current Risk Driver |
Collateral Value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
University City Lab CMBS/Construction Bonds |
Downtown Hub |
~40% vacancy; tenants pivoting back to office use. |
High (Prime real estate). |
|
Suburban Life Science Mortgages |
King of Prussia |
Heavy negative absorption and tenant consolidation. |
Medium (Harder to repurpose). |
|
First-Lien Corporate Biotech Loans |
Regional Startups |
50% drop in local VC funding over recent years. |
Low/Binary (Dependent on FDA approval). |
Are you looking to evaluate specific real estate debt instruments (like CMBS or commercial mortgages) tied to Philly’s University City developments, or are you assessing the corporate high-yield loan market for localized clinical-stage drug developers? Let me know how you would like to filter the data. [5, 19, 20]
[1] https://www.bizjournals.com
[2] https://www.investopedia.com
[4] https://www.thefixedincome.com
[7] https://www.bizjournals.com
[9] https://www.bizjournals.com
[10] https://biobuzz.io
[11] https://www.cbre.com
[12] https://www.key.com
[13] https://technical.ly
[14] https://biobuzz.io
[16] https://www.biopharmawatch.com
[17] https://octus.com
[18] https://technical.ly
[20] https://www.fitchratings.com
It has been surprising how fast the landscape in Philadelphia has changed. A few years ago, Philadelphia was being touted as “Cellicon Valley” due to the development of the CAR-T therapies and immuno and cell based therapy startups being spun-out from local universities. I have posted on this tranformation on this journal HERE.
In fact a huge campus in the Philadelphia suburbs including the Discovery Labs site (a former GSK site) was being buildout to be a major cGMP biomanufacturing facility which would handle University of Pennsylvania’s cell and gene therapy manufacturing needs as well as a contract manufacturing facility for pharma and biotech for cell and gene therapies.
A summary of the issues and refinancing problems of Discovery Labs can be seen below:
- Contractor Payment Delays: The site, owned by MLP Ventures (CEO Brian O’Neill), was hit with roughly $100 million in mechanics’ liens for unpaid contracting work. [1]
- Legal Battles with Key Tenants: In late 2025, MLP Ventures filed a civil lawsuit against its largest tenant, the Center for Breakthrough Medicines (CBM), and its majority stakeholder, South Korea’s SK Inc.. This involved a landlord/tenant dispute seeking more than $50,000 in damages. [1]
- Massive Data Center Pivot & Protests: To offset debts, MLP Ventures proposed a sprawling 4.6 million-square-foot data center project across the Swedeland and Conshohocken areas. This has triggered massive pushback from local Upper Merion Township residents, who have cited heavy concerns over noise, pollution, and health risks. [1]
- Financial Restructuring: The owner has sought extensive refinancing to manage the site’s debts and attempt to compensate the unpaid contractors, though progress has been slow. [1, 2]
Original Article
As the office and retail commercial real estate market has been drying up since the COVID pandemic, commercial real estate developers in the Philadelphia area have been turning to the health science industry to suit their lab space needs. This includes refurbishing old office space as well as new construction.
Gattuso secures $290M construction loan for life sciences building on Drexel campus

By Ryan Mulligan – Reporter, Philadelphia Business Journal
Dec 19, 2022
Gattuso Development Partners and Vigilant Holdings of New York have secured a $290 million construction loan for a major life sciences building set to be developed on Drexel University’s campus.
The funding comes from Houston-based Corebridge Financial, with an additional equity commitment from Boston-based Baupost Group, which is also a partner on the project. JLL’s Capital Markets group arranged the loan.
Plans for the University City project at 3201 Cuthbert St. carry a price tag of $400 million. The 11-story building will total some 520,000 square feet, making it the largest life sciences research and lab space in the city when it comes online.
The building at 3201 Cuthbert will rise on what had served as a recreation field used by Drexel and is located next to the Armory. Gattuso Development, which will lease the parcel from Drexel, expects to to complete the project by fall 2024. Robert A.M. Stern Architects designed the building.

A rendering of a $400 million lab and research facility Drexel University and Gattuso Development Partners plan to build at 3201 Cuthbert St. in Philadelphia.
The building is 45% leased by Drexel and SmartLabs, an operator of life sciences labs. Drexel plans to occupy about 60,000 square feet, while SmartLabs will lease two floors totaling 117,000 square feet.
“We believe the project validates Philadelphia’s emergence as a global hub for life sciences research, and we are excited to begin construction,” said John Gattuso, the co-founder and president of Philadelphia-based Gattuso Development.
Ryan Ade, Brett Segal and Christopher Peck of JLL arranged the financing.
The project is another play in what amounts to an arms race for life sciences space and tenants in University City. Spark Therapeutics plans to build a $575 million, 500,000-square-foot gene therapy manufacturing plant on Drexel’s campus. One uCity Square, a $280 million, 400,000-square-foot life sciences building, was recently completed at 38th and Market streets. At 3151 Market St., a $307 million, 417,000-square-foot life sciences building is proposed as part of the Schuylkill Yards development.
Tmunity CEO Usman Azam departing to lead ‘stealth’ NYC biotech firm

By John George – Senior Reporter, Philadelphia Business Journal
Feb 7, 2022
The CEO of one of Philadelphia’s oldest cell therapy companies is departing to take a new job in the New York City area.
Usman “Oz” Azam, who has been CEO of Tmunity Therapeutics since 2016, will lead an unnamed biotechnology company currently operating in stealth mode.
In a posting on his LinkedIn page, Azam said, “After a decade immersed in cell therapies and immuno-oncology, I am now turning my attention to a new opportunity, and will be going back to where I started my life sciences career in neurosciences.”
Tmunity, a University of Pennsylvania spinout, is looking to apply CAR T-cell therapy, which has proved to be successful in treating liquid cancers, for the treatment of solid tumors.
Last summer, Tmunity suspended clinical testing of its lead cell therapy candidate targeting prostate cancer after two patients in the study died. Azam, in an interview with the Business Journal in June, said the company, which had grown to about 50 employees since its launch in 2015, laid off an undisclosed number of employees as a result of the setback.
Azam said on LinkedIn he is still a big believer in CAR T-cell therapy, noting Tmunity co-founder Dr. Carl June and his colleagues at Penn just published in Nature the 10-year landmark clinical outcomes study with the first CD19 CAR-T patients and programs.
“It’s just the beginning,” he stated. “I’m excited about the prospect of so many new cell- and gene-based therapies emerging in the next five to 10 years to tackle many solid and liquid tumors, and I hope we all continue to see the remarkable impact this makes on patients and families around the world.”
Azam could not be reached for comment Monday. Tmunity has engaged a search firm to identify his successor.
Tmunity, which is based in Philadelphia, has its own manufacturing operations in East Norriton. Tmunity’s founders include June and fellow Penn cell therapy pioneer Bruce Levine, who led the development of a CAR T-cell therapy now marketed by Novartis as Kymriah, a treatment for certain types of blood cancers.
In therapy using CAR-T cells, a patient’s T cells — part of their immune system — are removed and genetically modified in the laboratory. After they are re-injected into a patient, the T cells are better able to attack and destroy tumors. CAR is an acronym for chimeric antigen receptor. Chimeric antigen receptors are receptor proteins that have been engineered to give T cells their improved ability to target tumors.
PIDC names U.S. Department of Treasury veteran, Philadelphia native as next president
The Philadelphia Industrial Development Corp. has tapped U.S. Department of Treasury veteran Jodie Harris to be its next president.
Harris succeeds Anne Bovaird Nevins, who spent 15 years in the organization and took over as president in January 2020 before stepping down at the end of last year. Executive Vice President Sam Rhoads has been interim president.
Harris, a Philadelphia native who currently serves as director of the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund for the Department of Treasury, was picked after a regional and national search and will begin her tenure as president on June 1. She becomes the 12th head of PIDC and the first African-American woman to lead the organization.
PIDC is a public-private economic development corporation founded by the city and the Chamber of Commerce for Greater Philadelphia in 1958. It mainly uses industrial and commercial real estate projects to attract jobs, foster business opportunities and spur overall community growth. The organization has spurred over $18.5 billion in financing across its 65 years.
PIDC has its hand in development projects spanning the city, including master planning roles in expansive campuses like the Philadelphia Navy Yard and the Lower Schuylkill Biotech Campus in Southwest Philadelphia.
In a statement, Harris said that it is “a critical time for Philadelphia’s economy.”
“I’m especially excited for the opportunity to lead such an important and impactful organization in my hometown of Philadelphia,” Harris said. “As head of the CDFI Fund, I know first-hand what it takes to drive meaningful, sustainable, and equitable economic growth, especially in historically underserved communities.”
Harris is a graduate of the University of Maryland and received an MBA and master of public administration from New York University. In the Treasury Department, Harris’ most recent work aligns with PIDC’s economic development mission. At the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, she oversaw a $331 million budget, mainly comprised of grant and administrative funding for various economic programs. Under Harris’ watch, the fund distributed over $3 billion in pandemic recovery funding, its highest level of appropriated grants ever.
Harris has been a part of the Treasury Department for 15 years, including as director of community and economic development policy.
In addition to government work, Harris has previously spent time in the private, academia and nonprofit sectors. In the beginning of her career, Harris worked at Meridian Bank and Accenture before turning to become a social and education policy researcher at New York University. She also spent two years as president of the Urban Business Assistance Corporation in New York.
Mayor Jim Kenney said that Philadelphia is “poised for long-term growth” and Harris will help drive it.
Source: https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2023/02/23/pidc-names-next-president-treasury.html
$250M life sciences conversion planned for Philadelphia’s historic Quartermaster site
Listen to this article 3 min
Real estate company SkyREM plans to spend $250 million converting the historic Quartermaster site in South Philadelphia to a life sciences campus with restaurants and a hotel.
The redevelopment would feature wet and dry lab space for research, development and bio-manufacturing.
The renamed Quartermaster Science + Technology Park is near the southwest corner of Oregon Avenue and South 20th Street in the city’s Girard Estates neighborhood. It’s east of the Quartermaster Plaza retail center, which sold last year for $100 million.
The 24-acre campus is planned to have six acres of green space, an Aldi grocery store opening by March and already is the headquarters for Indego, the bicycle share program in Philadelphia.
Six buildings totaling 1 million square feet of space would be used for research and development labs. There’s 500,000 square feet of vacant space available for life sciences and high technology companies with availabilities as small as 1,000 square feet up to 250,000 square feet contiguous. There’s also 150,000 square feet of retail space available.
The office park has 200,000 square feet already occupied by tenants. The Philadelphia Job Corps Center and Delaware Valley Intelligence Center are tenants at the site.
A rendering shows part of the Quartermaster Science + Technology Park as a redeveloped mixed-use life science campus.
The campus was previously used by the military as a place to produce clothing, footwear and personal equipment during World War I and II. The clothing factory closed in 1994. The Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
“We had a vision to preserve the legacy of this built-to-last historic Philadelphia landmark and transform it to create a vibrant space where the best and brightest want to innovate, collaborate, and work,” SkyREM CEO and Founder Alex Dembitzer said in a statement.
SkyREM, a real estate investor and developer, has corporate offices in New York and Philadelphia. The company acquired the site in 2001.
Vered Nohi, SkyREM’s regional executive director of new business development, called the redevelopment “transformational” for Philadelphia.
SkyREM announced the redevelopment of the Quartermaster campus in South Philadelphia into a life sciences campus with restaurants and a hotel. This rendering looks across Oregon Avenue toward the southwest corner of Oregon and 21st Street.
Quartermaster would join a wave of new life sciences projects being developed in the surrounding area and across the region.
The site is near both interstates 76 and 95 and is about 2 miles north of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, which has undergone a similar transformation from a military hub to a major life sciences and mixed-use redevelopment project. The Philadelphia Industrial Development Corp. is also in the process of selecting a developer to create a massive cell and gene therapy manufacturing complex across two sites totaling about 40 acres on Southwest Philadelphia’s Lower Schuylkill riverfront.
At 34th Street and Grays Ferry Avenue, the University of Pennsylvania is teaming with Longfellow Real Estate Partners on proposed a $365 million, 455,000-square-foot life sciences and biomanufacturing building at Pennovation Works.
A rendering shows part of the future Quartermaster Science and Technology Park in South Philadelphia. The 24-acre campus is planned to have six buildings with 1 million square feet of life science space.
SkyREM is working with Maryland real estate firm Scheer Partners to lease the science and technology space. Philadelphia’s MPN Realty will handle leasing of the retail space. Architecture firm Fifteen is working on the project’s design.
Scheer Partners Senior Vice President Tim Conrey said the Quartermaster conversion will help companies solve for “speed to market” as demand for life science space in the region has been strong.
A diagram shows the buildings that are leased (gray) and the buildings that are available (blue) at the Quartermaster site in South Philadelphia.
Brandywine pauses new spec office development, continues to bet big on life sciences
Brandywine Realty Trust originally planned to redevelop a Radnor medical office into lab and office space, split 50-50 between the two uses.
After changes in demand for lab and office space, Brandywine (NYSE: BDN) recently completed the 168,000-square-foot, four-story building at 250 King of Prussia Road in Radnor fully for life sciences.
“The pipeline is now 100% life sciences, which, while requiring more capital, is also generating longer term leases at a higher return on cost,” Brandywine CEO Jerry Sweeney of the project said during the company’s fourth-quarter earnings call on Thursday.
At the same time, Brandywine is holding off on developing new office buildings unless it has a tenant lined up in advance.
The shift reflects how Philadelphia-based Brandywine continues to lean into — and bet big — on life sciences.
Brandywine is the city’s largest owner of trophy office buildings and has several major development projects in the works. The company is planning to eventually develop 3 million square feet of life sciences space. For now, 800,000 square feet of life sciences space is under development, including a 12-story, 417,000-square-foot life sciences building at 3151 Market St. and a 29-story building with 200,000 square feet of life sciences space at 3025 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Both are part of the multi-phase Schuylkill Yards project underway near 30th Street Station in University City.
Once its existing projects are completed, Brandywine would have 800,000 square feet of life sciences space, making up 8% of its portfolio.Sweeney said the company wants to grow that figure to 21%.
Brandywine is developing a 145,000-square-foot, build-to-suit office building at 155 King of Prussia Road in Radnor for Arkema, a France-based global supplier of specialty materials. The building will be Arkema’s North American headquarters. Construction began in January and is scheduled to be completed in late 2024.
Brandywine reported that since November it raised over $705 million through fourth-quarter asset sales, an unsecured bond transaction and a secured loan. The company has “complete availability” on its $600 million unsecured line of credit, Sweeney said.
Brandywine sold a 95% leased, 86,000-square-foot office building at 200 Barr Harbor Drive in West Conshohocken for $30.5 million. The company also sold its 50% ownership interest in the 1919 Market joint venture for $83.2 million to an undisclosed buyer. 1919 Market St. is a 29-story building with apartments, office and commercial space. Brandywine co-developed the property with LCOR and the California State Teacher’s Retirement System.
Brandywine declined to comment and LCOR could not be reached.
Brandywine’s core portfolio is 91% leased.
The project at 250 King of Prussia Road cost $103.7 million and was recently completed. The renovation included 12-foot high floor-to-ceiling glass on the second floor, a new roof, lobby, elevator core, common area with a skylight and an added structured parking deck.
Located in the Radnor Life Science Center, a new campus with nearly 1 million square feet of lab, research and office space, Sweeney said it’s a “magnet” for biotech companies. Avantor, a global manufacturer and distributor of life sciences products, is headquartered in the complex.
Sweeney said Brandywine is “very confident” demand will stay strong for life sciences in Radnor. The building at 250 King of Prussia Road is projected to be fully leased by early 2024.
“Larger users we’re talking to, they just tend to take a little bit more time than we would like as they go through technical requirements and space planning requirements,” Sweeney said.
Jerry Sweeney, CEO of Brandywine Realty Trust.
While Brandywine is aiming to increase its life sciences footprint, the company is being selective about what it builds next. The company may steer away from developments other than life sciences. The Schuylkill Yards project, for example, features a significant life sciences portion in University City.
“Other than fully leased build-to-suit opportunities, our future development starts are on hold,” Sweeney said, “pending more leasing on the existing joint venture pipeline and more clarity on the cost of debt capital and cap rates.”
Brandywine said about 70% to 75%of suburban tenants have returned to offices while that number has been around 50% in Philadelphia. At this point, though, it hasn’t yet affected demand when leasing space. Some tenants, for example, have moved out of the city while others have moved in.
In the fourth quarter, Brandywine had $55.7 million funds from operations, or 32 cents per share. That’s down from $60.4 million, or 35 cents per share, in the fourth quarter of 2021. Brandywine generated $129 million in revenue in the fourth quarter, up slightly from $125.5 in the year-ago period.
Brandywine stock is up 6.4% since the start of the year to $6.70 per share on Monday afternoon.
Many of Brandywine’s properties are in desirable locations, which have seen demand remain strong despite challenges facing offices, on par with industry trends.
Brandywine’s 12-story, 417,000-square-foot building at 3151 Market St. is on budget for $308 million and on schedule to be completed in the second quarter of 2024. Sweeney said Brandywine anticipates entering a construction loan in the second half of 2023, which would help complete the project. The building, being developed along with a global institutional investor,would be used for life sciences, innovation and office space as part of the larger Schuylkill Yards development in University City.
The company’s 29-story building at 3025 John F. Kennedy Blvd. with 200,000 square feet of life sciences space and 326 luxury apartments, is also on budget, costing $287.3 million, and on time, eyeing completion in the third quarter of this year.
Bacterial multidrug resistance problem solved by a broad-spectrum synthetic antibiotic
Posted in Advanced Drug Manufacturing Technology, Antibiotic resistance, Bacterial Resistance, Biochemical pathways, Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Signaling & Cell Circuits, Disease Biology, Disease Biology, Small Molecules in Development of Therapeutic Drugs, Drug Carrier Design, Drug Delivery Platform Technology, Drug Development Process, Drug Discovery Chemistry, Drug Toxicity, Infectious Disease & New Antibiotic Targets, Microbiology, Molecular Genetics & Pharmaceutical, New Drug Approval, Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Population Health Management, Genetics & Pharmaceutical, Prescription Drugs Costs, Small Molecules in Development of Therapeutic Drugs, tagged Antibiotic resistance, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, bacteria, drug resistance, synthetic on March 1, 2023| Leave a Comment »
Bacterial multidrug resistance problem solved by a broad-spectrum synthetic antibiotic
Reporter and Curator: Dr. Sudipta Saha, Ph.D.
There is an increasing demand for new antibiotics that effectively treat patients with refractory bacteremia, do not evoke bacterial resistance, and can be readily modified to address current and anticipated patient needs. Recently scientists described a promising compound of COE (conjugated oligo electrolytes) family, COE2-2hexyl, that exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. COE2-2hexyl effectively-treated mice infected with bacteria derived from sepsis patients with refractory bacteremia, including a CRE K. pneumoniae strain resistant to nearly all clinical antibiotics tested. Notably, this lead compound did not evoke drug resistance in several pathogens tested. COE2-2hexyl has specific effects on multiple membrane-associated functions (e.g., septation, motility, ATP synthesis, respiration, membrane permeability to small molecules) that may act together to abrogate bacterial cell viability and the evolution of drug-resistance. Impeding these bacterial properties may occur through alteration of vital protein–protein or protein-lipid membrane interfaces – a mechanism of action distinct from many membrane disrupting antimicrobials or detergents that destabilize membranes to induce bacterial cell lysis. The diversity and ease of COE design and chemical synthesis have the potential to establish a new standard for drug design and personalized antibiotic treatment.
Recent studies have shown that small molecules can preferentially target bacterial membranes due to significant differences in lipid composition, presence of a cell wall, and the absence of cholesterol. The inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria are generally more negatively charged at their surface because they contain more anionic lipids such as cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol within their outer leaflet compared to mammalian membranes. In contrast, membranes of mammalian cells are largely composed of more-neutral phospholipids, sphingomyelins, as well as cholesterol, which affords membrane rigidity and ability to withstand mechanical stresses; and may stabilize the membrane against structural damage to membrane-disrupting agents such as COEs. Consistent with these studies, COE2-2hexyl was well tolerated in mice, suggesting that COEs are not intrinsically toxic in vivo, which is often a primary concern with membrane-targeting antibiotics. The COE refinement workflow potentially accelerates lead compound optimization by more rapid screening of novel compounds for the iterative directed-design process. It also reduces the time and cost of subsequent biophysical characterization, medicinal chemistry and bioassays, ultimately facilitating the discovery of novel compounds with improved pharmacological properties.
Additionally, COEs provide an approach to gain new insights into microbial physiology, including membrane structure/function and mechanism of drug action/resistance, while also generating a suite of tools that enable the modulation of bacterial and mammalian membranes for scientific or manufacturing uses. Notably, further COE safety and efficacy studies are required to be conducted on a larger scale to ensure adequate understanding of the clinical benefits and risks to assure clinical efficacy and toxicity before COEs can be added to the therapeutic armamentarium. Despite these limitations, the ease of molecular design, synthesis and modular nature of COEs offer many advantages over conventional antimicrobials, making synthesis simple, scalable and affordable. It enables the construction of a spectrum of compounds with the potential for development as a new versatile therapy for the emergence and rapid global spread of pathogens that are resistant to all, or nearly all, existing antimicrobial medicines.
References:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(23)00026-9/fulltext#%20
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36801104/
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230216161214.htm
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04045-6














A pioneer in computational chemistry and organosilicon compounds, Prof. Apeloig made groundbreaking scientific contributions while mentoring generations of researchers and helping position the Technion as a global leader in science and technology.
During his presidency, he expanded interdisciplinary research, strengthened international partnerships, increased investment in research infrastructure and scholarships, and advanced collaboration between engineering, medicine, and the humanities.“Prof. Apeloig led the Technion with quiet confidence and steadfast leadership,” said Technion President Prof. Uri Sivan. “His years in office were marked by exceptional academic development and a profound impact on the State of Israel and beyond.”
The Technion was his home and family. He will be deeply missed. May his memory be a blessing.