Posts Tagged ‘Biotechnology’

The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene: Recent Happenings & Deals

Posted in BioTechnology - Venture Creation, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Venture Capital, Drug Development Process, Global Partnering & Biotech Investment, Innovations, Institutional Capital Raised by Female Founders, Intellectual Property, Innovations, Commercialization, Investment in technological breakthrough, International Global Work in Pharmaceutical, Investment in Technological Breakthrough, Pharmaceutical Discovery, Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Industry Competitive Intelligence, R&D Expenditure, Venture Capital, tagged biotech incubator, Biotech Investment and Venture Growth: The Franchising of Intellectual Property as a Business Model, biotech startup, Biotechnology, Investment in Technological Breakthrough, philadelphia on March 11, 2023| Leave a Comment »

 

The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene: Recent Happenings & Deals

Curator: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

 

As the office and retail commercial real estate market has been drying up since the COVID pandemic, commercial real estate developers in the Philadelphia area have been turning to the health science industry to suit their lab space needs.  This includes refurbishing old office space as well as new construction.

Gattuso secures $290M construction loan for life sciences building on Drexel campus

Source: https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2022/12/19/construction-loan-gattuso-drexel-life-sciences.html?utm_source=st&utm_medium=en&utm_campaign=BN&utm_content=pl&ana=e_pl_BN&j=30034971&senddate=2022-12-20

 

By Ryan Mulligan  –  Reporter, Philadelphia Business Journal

Dec 19, 2022

Gattuso Development Partners and Vigilant Holdings of New York have secured a $290 million construction loan for a major life sciences building set to be developed on Drexel University’s campus.

The funding comes from Houston-based Corebridge Financial, with an additional equity commitment from Boston-based Baupost Group, which is also a partner on the project. JLL’s Capital Markets group arranged the loan.

Plans for the University City project at 3201 Cuthbert St. carry a price tag of $400 million. The 11-story building will total some 520,000 square feet, making it the largest life sciences research and lab space in the city when it comes online.

The building at 3201 Cuthbert will rise on what had served as a recreation field used by Drexel and is located next to the Armory. Gattuso Development, which will lease the parcel from Drexel, expects to to complete the project by fall 2024. Robert A.M. Stern Architects designed the building.

 

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A rendering of a $400 million lab and research facility Drexel University and Gattuso Development Partners plan to build at 3201 Cuthbert St. in Philadelphia.

The building is 45% leased by Drexel and SmartLabs, an operator of life sciences labs. Drexel plans to occupy about 60,000 square feet, while SmartLabs will lease two floors totaling 117,000 square feet.

“We believe the project validates Philadelphia’s emergence as a global hub for life sciences research, and we are excited to begin construction,” said John Gattuso, the co-founder and president of Philadelphia-based Gattuso Development.

Ryan Ade, Brett Segal and Christopher Peck of JLL arranged the financing.

The project is another play in what amounts to an arms race for life sciences space and tenants in University City. Spark Therapeutics plans to build a $575 million, 500,000-square-foot gene therapy manufacturing plant on Drexel’s campus. One uCity Square, a $280 million, 400,000-square-foot life sciences building, was recently completed at 38th and Market streets. At 3151 Market St., a $307 million, 417,000-square-foot life sciences building is proposed as part of the Schuylkill Yards development.

Tmunity CEO Usman Azam departing to lead ‘stealth’ NYC biotech firm

 

By John George  –  Senior Reporter, Philadelphia Business Journal

Feb 7, 2022

The CEO of one of Philadelphia’s oldest cell therapy companies is departing to take a new job in the New York City area.

Usman “Oz” Azam, who has been CEO of Tmunity Therapeutics since 2016, will lead an unnamed biotechnology company currently operating in stealth mode.

In a posting on his LinkedIn page, Azam said, “After a decade immersed in cell therapies and immuno-oncology, I am now turning my attention to a new opportunity, and will be going back to where I started my life sciences career in neurosciences.”

Tmunity, a University of Pennsylvania spinout, is looking to apply CAR T-cell therapy, which has proved to be successful in treating liquid cancers, for the treatment of solid tumors.

Last summer, Tmunity suspended clinical testing of its lead cell therapy candidate targeting prostate cancer after two patients in the study died. Azam, in an interview with the Business Journal in June, said the company, which had grown to about 50 employees since its launch in 2015, laid off an undisclosed number of employees as a result of the setback.

Azam said on LinkedIn he is still a big believer in CAR T-cell therapy, noting Tmunity co-founder Dr. Carl June and his colleagues at Penn just published in Nature the 10-year landmark clinical outcomes study with the first CD19 CAR-T patients and programs.

“It’s just the beginning,” he stated. “I’m excited about the prospect of so many new cell- and gene-based therapies emerging in the next five to 10 years to tackle many solid and liquid tumors, and I hope we all continue to see the remarkable impact this makes on patients and families around the world.”

Azam could not be reached for comment Monday. Tmunity has engaged a search firm to identify his successor.

Tmunity, which is based in Philadelphia, has its own manufacturing operations in East Norriton. Tmunity’s founders include June and fellow Penn cell therapy pioneer Bruce Levine, who led the development of a CAR T-cell therapy now marketed by Novartis as Kymriah, a treatment for certain types of blood cancers.

In therapy using CAR-T cells, a patient’s T cells — part of their immune system — are removed and genetically modified in the laboratory. After they are re-injected into a patient, the T cells are better able to attack and destroy tumors. CAR is an acronym for chimeric antigen receptor. Chimeric antigen receptors are receptor proteins that have been engineered to give T cells their improved ability to target tumors.

Source: https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2022/02/07/tmunity-therapeutics-philadelphia-cell-azam-oz.html?utm_source=st&utm_medium=en&utm_campaign=BN&utm_content=pl&ana=e_pl_BN&j=30034971&senddate=2022-12-20

 

PIDC names U.S. Department of Treasury veteran, Philadelphia native as next president

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Jodie Harris is a Philadelphia native who has spent the last 15 years in the U.S. Department of Treasury.

 

By Ryan Mulligan  –  Reporter, Philadelphia Business Journal

Feb 23, 2023

 

The Philadelphia Industrial Development Corp. has tapped U.S. Department of Treasury veteran Jodie Harris to be its next president.

Harris succeeds Anne Bovaird Nevins, who spent 15 years in the organization and took over as president in January 2020 before stepping down at the end of last year. Executive Vice President Sam Rhoads has been interim president.

Harris, a Philadelphia native who currently serves as director of the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund for the Department of Treasury, was picked after a regional and national search and will begin her tenure as president on June 1. She becomes the 12th head of PIDC and the first African-American woman to lead the organization.

PIDC is a public-private economic development corporation founded by the city and the Chamber of Commerce for Greater Philadelphia in 1958. It mainly uses industrial and commercial real estate projects to attract jobs, foster business opportunities and spur overall community growth. The organization has spurred over $18.5 billion in financing across its 65 years.

PIDC has its hand in development projects spanning the city, including master planning roles in expansive campuses like the Philadelphia Navy Yard and the Lower Schuylkill Biotech Campus in Southwest Philadelphia.

In a statement, Harris said that it is “a critical time for Philadelphia’s economy.”

“I’m especially excited for the opportunity to lead such an important and impactful organization in my hometown of Philadelphia,” Harris said. “As head of the CDFI Fund, I know first-hand what it takes to drive meaningful, sustainable, and equitable economic growth, especially in historically underserved communities.”

Harris is a graduate of the University of Maryland and received an MBA and master of public administration from New York University. In the Treasury Department, Harris’ most recent work aligns with PIDC’s economic development mission. At the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, she oversaw a $331 million budget, mainly comprised of grant and administrative funding for various economic programs. Under Harris’ watch, the fund distributed over $3 billion in pandemic recovery funding, its highest level of appropriated grants ever.

Harris has been a part of the Treasury Department for 15 years, including as director of community and economic development policy.

In addition to government work, Harris has previously spent time in the private, academia and nonprofit sectors. In the beginning of her career, Harris worked at Meridian Bank and Accenture before turning to become a social and education policy researcher at New York University. She also spent two years as president of the Urban Business Assistance Corporation in New York.

Mayor Jim Kenney said that Philadelphia is “poised for long-term growth” and Harris will help drive it.

Source: https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2023/02/23/pidc-names-next-president-treasury.html 

$250M life sciences conversion planned for Philadelphia’s historic Quartermaster site

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A rendering shows the future Quartermaster Science + Technology Park at sunset.

QUARTERMASTER / PROVIDED BY FIFTEEN

 

By Paul Schwedelson  –  Reporter, Philadelphia Business Journal

Jan 31, 2023

Listen to this article     3 min

Real estate company SkyREM plans to spend $250 million converting the historic Quartermaster site in South Philadelphia to a life sciences campus with restaurants and a hotel.

The redevelopment would feature wet and dry lab space for research, development and bio-manufacturing.

The renamed Quartermaster Science + Technology Park is near the southwest corner of Oregon Avenue and South 20th Street in the city’s Girard Estates neighborhood. It’s east of the Quartermaster Plaza retail center, which sold last year for $100 million.

The 24-acre campus is planned to have six acres of green space, an Aldi grocery store opening by March and already is the headquarters for Indego, the bicycle share program in Philadelphia.

Six buildings totaling 1 million square feet of space would be used for research and development labs. There’s 500,000 square feet of vacant space available for life sciences and high technology companies with availabilities as small as 1,000 square feet up to 250,000 square feet contiguous. There’s also 150,000 square feet of retail space available.

The office park has 200,000 square feet already occupied by tenants. The Philadelphia Job Corps Center and Delaware Valley Intelligence Center are tenants at the site.

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A rendering shows part of the Quartermaster Science + Technology Park as a redeveloped mixed-use life science campus.

QUARTERMASTER / PROVIDED BY FIFTEEN

The campus was previously used by the military as a place to produce clothing, footwear and personal equipment during World War I and II. The clothing factory closed in 1994. The Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

“We had a vision to preserve the legacy of this built-to-last historic Philadelphia landmark and transform it to create a vibrant space where the best and brightest want to innovate, collaborate, and work,” SkyREM CEO and Founder Alex Dembitzer said in a statement.

SkyREM, a real estate investor and developer, has corporate offices in New York and Philadelphia. The company acquired the site in 2001.

Vered Nohi, SkyREM’s regional executive director of new business development, called the redevelopment “transformational” for Philadelphia.

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SkyREM announced the redevelopment of the Quartermaster campus in South Philadelphia into a life sciences campus with restaurants and a hotel. This rendering looks across Oregon Avenue toward the southwest corner of Oregon and 21st Street.

QUARTERMASTER / PROVIDED BY FIFTEEN

 

 

 

Quartermaster would join a wave of new life sciences projects being developed in the surrounding area and across the region.

The site is near both interstates 76 and 95 and is about 2 miles north of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, which has undergone a similar transformation from a military hub to a major life sciences and mixed-use redevelopment project. The Philadelphia Industrial Development Corp. is also in the process of selecting a developer to create a massive cell and gene therapy manufacturing complex across two sites totaling about 40 acres on Southwest Philadelphia’s Lower Schuylkill riverfront.

At 34th Street and Grays Ferry Avenue, the University of Pennsylvania is teaming with Longfellow Real Estate Partners on proposed a $365 million, 455,000-square-foot life sciences and biomanufacturing building at Pennovation Works.

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A rendering shows part of the future Quartermaster Science and Technology Park in South Philadelphia. The 24-acre campus is planned to have six buildings with 1 million square feet of life science space.

QUARTERMASTER / PROVIDED BY FIFTEEN

 

SkyREM is working with Maryland real estate firm Scheer Partners to lease the science and technology space. Philadelphia’s MPN Realty will handle leasing of the retail space. Architecture firm Fifteen is working on the project’s design.

Scheer Partners Senior Vice President Tim Conrey said the Quartermaster conversion will help companies solve for “speed to market” as demand for life science space in the region has been strong.

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A diagram shows the buildings that are leased (gray) and the buildings that are available (blue) at the Quartermaster site in South Philadelphia.

SKYREM

Source: https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2023/01/31/quartermaster-life-sciences-philadelphia.html 

Brandywine pauses new spec office development, continues to bet big on life sciences

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An artist’s rendering of Brandywine Realty Trust’s 168,000-square-foot, four-story life sciences building at 250 King of Prussia Road in Radnor.

BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST

By Paul Schwedelson  –  Reporter, Philadelphia Business Journal

Feb 6, 2023

 

Brandywine Realty Trust originally planned to redevelop a Radnor medical office into lab and office space, split 50-50 between the two uses.

After changes in demand for lab and office space, Brandywine (NYSE: BDN) recently completed the 168,000-square-foot, four-story building at 250 King of Prussia Road in Radnor fully for life sciences.

“The pipeline is now 100% life sciences, which, while requiring more capital, is also generating longer term leases at a higher return on cost,” Brandywine CEO Jerry Sweeney of the project said during the company’s fourth-quarter earnings call on Thursday.

At the same time, Brandywine is holding off on developing new office buildings unless it has a tenant lined up in advance.

The shift reflects how Philadelphia-based Brandywine continues to lean into — and bet big — on life sciences.

Brandywine is the city’s largest owner of trophy office buildings and has several major development projects in the works. The company is planning to eventually develop 3 million square feet of life sciences space. For now, 800,000 square feet of life sciences space is under development, including a 12-story, 417,000-square-foot life sciences building at 3151 Market St. and a 29-story building with 200,000 square feet of life sciences space at 3025 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Both are part of the multi-phase Schuylkill Yards project underway near 30th Street Station in University City.

Once its existing projects are completed, Brandywine would have 800,000 square feet of life sciences space, making up 8% of its portfolio.Sweeney said the company wants to grow that figure to 21%.

Brandywine is developing a 145,000-square-foot, build-to-suit office building at 155 King of Prussia Road in Radnor for Arkema, a France-based global supplier of specialty materials. The building will be Arkema’s North American headquarters. Construction began in January and is scheduled to be completed in late 2024.

Brandywine reported that since November it raised over $705 million through fourth-quarter asset sales, an unsecured bond transaction and a secured loan. The company has “complete availability” on its $600 million unsecured line of credit, Sweeney said.

Brandywine sold a 95% leased, 86,000-square-foot office building at 200 Barr Harbor Drive in West Conshohocken for $30.5 million. The company also sold its 50% ownership interest in the 1919 Market joint venture for $83.2 million to an undisclosed buyer. 1919 Market St. is a 29-story building with apartments, office and commercial space. Brandywine co-developed the property with LCOR and the California State Teacher’s Retirement System.

Brandywine declined to comment and LCOR could not be reached.

Brandywine’s core portfolio is 91% leased.

The project at 250 King of Prussia Road cost $103.7 million and was recently completed. The renovation included 12-foot high floor-to-ceiling glass on the second floor, a new roof, lobby, elevator core, common area with a skylight and an added structured parking deck.

Located in the Radnor Life Science Center, a new campus with nearly 1 million square feet of lab, research and office space, Sweeney said it’s a “magnet” for biotech companies. Avantor, a global manufacturer and distributor of life sciences products, is headquartered in the complex.

 

 

Sweeney said Brandywine is “very confident” demand will stay strong for life sciences in Radnor. The building at 250 King of Prussia Road is projected to be fully leased by early 2024.

“Larger users we’re talking to, they just tend to take a little bit more time than we would like as they go through technical requirements and space planning requirements,” Sweeney said.

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Jerry Sweeney, CEO of Brandywine Realty Trust.

BRANDYWINE REALTY TRUST

While Brandywine is aiming to increase its life sciences footprint, the company is being selective about what it builds next. The company may steer away from developments other than life sciences. The Schuylkill Yards project, for example, features a significant life sciences portion in University City.

“Other than fully leased build-to-suit opportunities, our future development starts are on hold,” Sweeney said, “pending more leasing on the existing joint venture pipeline and more clarity on the cost of debt capital and cap rates.”

 

Brandywine said about 70% to 75%of suburban tenants have returned to offices while that number has been around 50% in Philadelphia. At this point, though, it hasn’t yet affected demand when leasing space. Some tenants, for example, have moved out of the city while others have moved in.

In the fourth quarter, Brandywine had $55.7 million funds from operations, or 32 cents per share. That’s down from $60.4 million, or 35 cents per share, in the fourth quarter of 2021. Brandywine generated $129 million in revenue in the fourth quarter, up slightly from $125.5 in the year-ago period.

Brandywine stock is up 6.4% since the start of the year to $6.70 per share on Monday afternoon.

Many of Brandywine’s properties are in desirable locations, which have seen demand remain strong despite challenges facing offices, on par with industry trends.

Brandywine’s 12-story, 417,000-square-foot building at 3151 Market St. is on budget for $308 million and on schedule to be completed in the second quarter of 2024. Sweeney said Brandywine anticipates entering a construction loan in the second half of 2023, which would help complete the project. The building, being developed along with a global institutional investor,would be used for life sciences, innovation and office space as part of the larger Schuylkill Yards development in University City.

The company’s 29-story building at 3025 John F. Kennedy Blvd. with 200,000 square feet of life sciences space and 326 luxury apartments, is also on budget, costing $287.3 million, and on time, eyeing completion in the third quarter of this year.

Source: https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2023/02/06/brandywine-realty-life-sciences-development.html

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3-D visualization of cancer cells

Posted in Auditory and vision, BioIT: BioInformatics, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Cancer - General, Cell Biology, tagged Biotechnology, cancer cells on February 28, 2016| Leave a Comment »

3-D visualization of cancer cells

Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Curator

LPBI

 

Cancer cells in 3D

What researchers miss on glass slides

February 22, 2016   http://www.kurzweilai.net/cancer-in-3-d

 

A spheroid of many lung cancer cells illustrates a diversity of behaviors. (credit: Welf and Driscoll et al./Developmental Cell)

 

Cancer cells don’t live on glass slides. Yet the vast majority of images related to cancer biology come from the cells being photographed on flat, two-dimensional surfaces — images sometimes used to draw conclusions about the behavior of cells that normally reside in a more complex environment.

Now a new high-resolution microscope, presented (open access) February 22 in Developmental Cell, makes it possible to visualize cancer cells in 3D and record how they are signaling to other parts of their environment — revealing previously unappreciated biology of how cancer cells survive and disperse within living things. Based on ”microenvironmental selective plane illumination microscopy” (meSPIM),  the new microscope is designed to image cells in microenvironments free of hard surfaces near the sample.

“There is clear evidence that the environment strongly affects cellular behavior — thus, the value of cell culture experiments on glass must at least be questioned,” says senior author Reto Fiolka, an optical scientist at theUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. “Our microscope is one tool that may bring us a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive cancer cell behavior, since it enables high-resolution imaging in more realistic tumor environments.”

[+]

This image shows the extracted surfaces of two cancer cells. (Left) A lung cancer cell colored by actin intensity near the cell surface. Actin is a structural molecule that is integral to cell movement. (Right) A melanoma cell colored by PI3-kinase activity near the cell surface. PI3K is a signaling molecule that is key to many cell processes. (credit: Welf and Driscoll et al./Developmental Cell)

Hidden protrusions from cancer cells

In their study, Fiolka and colleagues, including co-senior author Gaudenz Danuser, and co-first authors Meghan Driscoll and Erik Welf, also of UT Southwestern, used their microscope to image different kinds of skin cancer cells from patients. They found that in a 3D environment (where cells normally reside), unlike a glass slide, multiple melanoma cell lines and primary melanoma cells (from patients with varied genetic mutations) form many small protrusions called blebs.

One hypothesis is that this blebbing may help the cancer cells survive or move around and could thus play a role in skin cancer cell invasiveness or drug resistance in patients.

[+]

This is a melanoma cell (red) embedded in a 3-D collagen matrix (white). A 100 x 100 x 100 μm cube is shown, with one corner cut away to show the interaction of the cell with the collagen. (credit: Welf and Driscoll et al./Developmental Cell)

The researchers say that this is a first step toward understanding 3D biology in tumor microenvironments. But since these kinds of images may be too complicated to interpret by the naked eye alone, the next step will be to develop powerful computer platforms to extract and process the information.

The microscope control software and image analytical code are freely available to the scientific community.

The authors were supported by the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas and the National Institutes of Health.

---

Abstract of Quantitative Multiscale Cell Imaging in Controlled 3D Microenvironments

The microenvironment determines cell behavior, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood because quantitative studies of cell signaling and behavior have been challenging due to insufficient spatial and/or temporal resolution and limitations on microenvironmental control. Here we introduce microenvironmental selective plane illumination microscopy (meSPIM) for imaging and quantification of intracellular signaling and submicrometer cellular structures as well as large-scale cell morphological and environmental features. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by showing that the mechanical properties of the microenvironment regulate the transition of melanoma cells from actin-driven protrusion to blebbing, and we present tools to quantify how cells manipulate individual collagen fibers. We leverage the nearly isotropic resolution of meSPIM to quantify the local concentration of actin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling on the surfaces of cells deep within 3D collagen matrices and track the many small membrane protrusions that appear in these more physiologically relevant environments.

references:

• Erik S. Welf, Meghan K. Driscoll, Kevin M. Dean, Claudia Schäfer, Jun Chu, Michael W. Davidson, Michael Z. Lin, Gaudenz Danuser, Reto Fiolka. Quantitative Multiscale Cell Imaging in Controlled 3D Microenvironments. Developmental Cell; Volume 36, Issue 4, p462–475, 22 February 2016; DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.01.022 (open access)

Topics: Biotech

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Hybrid lipid bioelectronic membranes

Posted in Bioengineering & reverse engineering design, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Cell Biology, Signaling & Cell Circuits, Curation, Electrophysiology, Innovations, Innovations in Neurophysiology & Neuropsychology, Ionic Transporters Na+, Lipid metabolism, Lipidomics, Lipids, Liposome, Metabolism, Microvesicle, Na-K transport, Nephrology, Neurohumoral Transmission, Physics, Proteins, Proteomics, Signaling, Signaling & Cell Circuits, Synaptic vesicle, tagged bioengineering, Biological sciences, Biophysics, Biotechnology, ion transport, lipid bilayers on December 14, 2015| Leave a Comment »

Hybrid lipid bioelectronic membranes

Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Curator

LPBI

 

Hybrid solid-state chips and biological cells integrated at molecular level

Biological ion channels combine with solid-state transistors to create a new kind of hybrid bioelectronics. Imagine chips with dog-like capability to taste and smell, or even recognize specific molecules.
http://www.kurzweilai.net/hybrid-solid-state-chips-and-biological-cells-integrated-at-molecular-level

http://www.kurzweilai.net/images/biocell-CMOS-.jpg

Illustration depicting a biocell attached to a CMOS integrated circuit with a membrane containing sodium-potassium pumps in pores. Energy is stored chemically in ATP molecules. When the energy is released as charged ions (which are then converted to electrons to power the chip at the bottom of the experimental device), the ATP is converted to ADP + inorganic phosphate. (credit: Trevor Finney and Jared Roseman/Columbia Engineering)

Columbia Engineering researchers have combined biological and solid-state components for the first time, opening the door to creating entirely new artificial biosystems.

In this experiment, they used a biological cell to power a conventional solid-state complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit. An artificial lipid bilayer membrane containing adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-powered ion pumps (which provide energy for cells) was used as a source of ions (which were converted to electrons to power the chip).

The study, led by Ken Shepard, Lau Family Professor of Electrical Engineering and professor of biomedical engineering at Columbia Engineering, was published online today (Dec. 7, 2015) in an open-access paper in Nature Communications.

How to build a hybrid biochip

Living systems achieve this functionality with their own version of electronics based on lipid membranes and ion channels and pumps, which act as a kind of “biological transistor.” Charge in the form of ions carry energy and information, and ion channels control the flow of ions across cell membranes.

Solid-state systems, such as those in computers and communication devices, use electrons; their electronic signaling and power are controlled by field-effect transistors.

To build a prototype of their hybrid system, Shepard’s team packaged a CMOS integrated circuit (IC) with an ATP-harvesting “biocell.” In the presence of ATP, the system pumped ions across the membrane, producing an electrical potential (voltage)* that was harvested by the integrated circuit.

“We made a macroscale version of this system, at the scale of several millimeters, to see if it worked,” Shepard notes. “Our results provide new insight into a generalized circuit model, enabling us to determine the conditions to maximize the efficiency of harnessing chemical energy through the action of these ion pumps. We will now be looking at how to scale the system down.”

While other groups have harvested energy from living systems, Shepard and his team are exploring how to do this at the molecular level, isolating just the desired function and interfacing this with electronics. “We don’t need the whole cell,” he explains. “We just grab the component of the cell that’s doing what we want. For this project, we isolated the ATPases because they were the proteins that allowed us to extract energy from ATP.”

The capability of a bomb-sniffing dog, no Alpo required

Next, the researchers plan to go much further, such as recognizing specific molecules and giving chips the potential to taste and smell.

The ability to build a system that combines the power of solid-state electronics with the capabilities of biological components has great promise, they believe. “You need a bomb-sniffing dog now, but if you can take just the part of the dog that is useful — the molecules that are doing the sensing — we wouldn’t need the whole animal,” says Shepard.

The technology could also provide a power source for implanted electronic devices in ATP-rich environments such as inside living cells, the researchers suggest.

*  “In general, integrated circuits, even when operated at the point of minimum energy in subthreshold, consume on the order of 10⁻² W mm⁻² (or assuming a typical silicon chip thickness of 250 μm, 4 × 10⁻² W mm⁻³). Typical cells, in contrast, consume on the order of 4 × 10⁻⁶ W mm⁻³. In the experiment, a typical active power dissipation for the IC circuit was 92.3 nW, and the active average harvesting power was 71.4 fW for the biocell (the discrepancy is managed through duty-cycled operation of the IC).” — Jared M. Roseman et al./Nature Communications

 

references:

Jared M. Roseman et al. Hybrid integrated biological–solid-state system powered with adenosine triphosphate. Nature Communications 6, 10070 doi:10.1038/ncomms10070. 07 December 2015 (open access)

Topics: Biotech | Electronics | Synthetic Biology

Hybrid integrated biological–solid-state system powered with adenosine triphosphate

Jared M. Roseman, Jianxun Lin, Siddharth Ramakrishnan, Jacob K. Rosenstein & Kenneth L. Shepard
Nature Communications 7 Dec 2015; 6(10070)     http://dx.doi.org:/10.1038/ncomms10070

There is enormous potential in combining the capabilities of the biological and the solid state to create hybrid engineered systems. While there have been recent efforts to harness power from naturally occurring potentials in living systems in plants and animals to power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits, here we report the first successful effort to isolate the energetics of an electrogenic ion pump in an engineered in vitro environment to power such an artificial system. An integrated circuit is powered by adenosine triphosphate through the action of Na⁺/K⁺ adenosine triphosphatases in an integrated in vitro lipid bilayer membrane. The ion pumps (active in the membrane at numbers exceeding 2 × 10⁶ mm⁻²) are able to sustain a short-circuit current of 32.6 pA mm⁻² and an open-circuit voltage of 78 mV, providing for a maximum power transfer of 1.27 pW mm⁻² from a single bilayer. Two series-stacked bilayers provide a voltage sufficient to operate an integrated circuit with a conversion efficiency of chemical to electrical energy of 14.9%.

 

Figure 1: Fully hybrid biological–solid-state system.

 

 

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/151207/ncomms10070/images/ncomms10070-f1.jpg

(a) Illustration depicting biocell attached to CMOS integrated circuit. (b) Illustration of membrane in pore containing sodium–potassium pumps. (c) Circuit model of equivalent stacked membranes, =2.1 pA, =98.6 GΩ, =575 GΩ and =75 pF, Ag/AgCl electrode equivalent resistance R_WE+R_CE<20 kΩ, energy-harvesting capacitor C_STOR=100 nF combined with switch as an impedance transformation network (only one switch necessary due to small duty cycle), and CMOS IC voltage doubler and resistor representing digital switching load. R_L represents the four independent ring oscillator loads. (d) Equivalent circuit detail of stacked biocell. (e) Switched-capacitor voltage doubler circuit schematic.

 

The energetics of living systems are based on electrochemical membrane potentials that are present in cell plasma membranes, the inner membrane of mitochondria, or the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts¹. In the latter two cases, the specific membrane potential is known as the proton-motive force and is used by proton adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthases to produce ATP. In the former case, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPases hydrolyse ATP to maintain the resting potential in most cells.

While there have been recent efforts to harness power from some naturally occurring potentials in living systems that are the result of ion pump action both in plants² and animals^{3, 4} to power complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs), this work is the first successful effort to isolate the energetics of an electrogenic ion pump in an engineered in vitroenvironment to power such an artificial system. Prior efforts to harness power from in vitromembrane systems incorporating ion-pumping ATPases^{5, 6, 7, 8, 9} and light-activated bacteriorhodopsin^{9, 10, 11} have been limited by difficulty in incorporating these proteins in sufficient quantity to attain measurable current and in achieving sufficiently large membrane resistances to harness these currents. Both problems are solved in this effort to power an IC from ATP in an in vitro environment. The resulting measurements provide new insight into a generalized circuit model, which allows us to determine the conditions to maximize the efficiency of harnessing chemical energy through the action of electrogenic ion pumps.

 

ATP-powered IC

Figure 1a shows the complete hybrid integrated system, consisting of a CMOS IC packaged with an ATP-harvesting ‘biocell’. The biocell consists of two series-stacked ATPase bearing suspended lipid bilayers with a fluid chamber directly on top of the IC. Series stacking of two membranes is necessary to provide the required start-up voltage for IC and eliminates the need for an external energy source, which is typically required to start circuits from low-voltage supplies^{2, 3}. As shown inFig. 1c, a matching network in the form of a switched capacitor allows the load resistance of the IC to be matched to that presented by the biocell. In principle, the switch S can be implicit. The biocell charges C_STOR until the self start-up voltage, V_start, is reached. The chip then operates until the biocell voltage drops below the minimum supply voltage for operation, V_min. Active current draw from the IC stops at this point, allowing the charge to build up again on C_STOR. In our case, however, the IC leakage current exceeds 13.5 nA at V_start, more than can be provided by the biocell. As a result, an explicit transistor switch and comparator (outside of the IC) are used for this function in the experimental results presented here, which are not powered by the biocell and not included in energy efficiency calculations (see Supplementary Discussion for additional details). The energy from the biocell is used to operate a voltage converter (voltage doubler) and some simple inverter-based ring oscillators in the IC, which receive power from no other sources.

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/151207/ncomms10070/images/ncomms10070-f1.jpg

 

……..   Prior to the addition of ATP, the membrane produces no electrical power and has an R_m of 280 GΩ. A 1.7-pA short-circuit (SC) current (Fig. 2b) through the membrane is observed upon the addition of ATP (final concentration 3 mM) to the cis chamber where functional, properly oriented enzymes generate a net electrogenic pump current. To perform these measurements, currents through each membrane of the biocell are measured using a voltage-clamp amplifier (inset of Fig. 2b) with a gain of 500 GΩ with special efforts taken to compensate amplifier leakage currents. Each ATPase transports three Na⁺ ions from the cis chamber to the trans chamber and two K⁺ ions from thetrans chamber to the cis chamber (a net charge movement of one cation) for every molecule of ATP hydrolysed. At a rate of 100 hydrolysis events per second under zero electrical (SC) bias¹³, this results in an electrogenic current of ~16 aA. The observed SC current corresponds to about 10⁵ active ATPases in the membrane or a concentration of about 2 × 10⁶ mm⁻², about 5% of the density of channels occurring naturally in mammalian nerve fibres¹⁴. It is expected that half of the channels inserted are inactive because they are oriented incorrectly.

Figure 2: Single-cell biocell characterization.

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/151207/ncomms10070/images_article/ncomms10070-f2.jpg

(a)…Pre-ATP data linear fit (black line) slope yield R_m=280 GΩ. Post ATP data fit to a Boltzmann curve, slope=0.02 V (blue line). Post-ATP linear fit (red line) yields I_p=−1.8 pA and R_p=61.6 GΩ, which corresponds to a per-ATP source resistance of 6.16 × 10¹⁵. The current due to membrane leakage through R_{m} is subtracted in the post-ATP curve…. (b)…

 

Current–voltage characteristics of the ATPases

Figure 2a shows the complete measured current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of a single ATPase-bearing membrane in the presence of ATP. The current due to membrane leakage through R_m is subtracted in the post-ATP curve. The I–V characteristic fits a Boltzmann sigmoid curve, consistent with sodium–potassium pump currents measured on membrane patches at similar buffer conditions^{13, 15, 16}. This nonlinear behaviour reflects the fact that the full ATPase transport cycle (three Na⁺ ions from cis to trans and two K⁺ ions from trans to cis) time increases (the turn-over rate, k_ATP, decreases) as the membrane potential increases¹⁶. No effect on pump current is expected from any ion concentration gradients produced by the action of the ATPases (seeSupplementary Discussion). Using this Boltzmann fit, we can model the biocell as a nonlinear voltage-controlled current source I_ATPase (inset Fig. 2a), in which the current produced by this source varies as a function of V_m. In the fourth quadrant, where the cell is producing electrical power, this model can be linearized as a Norton equivalent circuit, consisting of a DC current source (I_p) in parallel with a current-limiting resistor (R_p), which acts to limit the current delivered to the load at increasing bias (I_ATPase~I_p−V_m/R_p). Figure 2c shows the measured and simulated charging of C_m for a single membrane (open-circuited voltage). A custom amplifier with input resistance R_in>10 TΩ was required for this measurement (see Electrical Measurement Methods).

 

Reconciling operating voltage differences

The electrical characteristics of biological systems and solid-state systems are mismatched in their operating voltages. The minimum operating voltage of solid-state systems is determined by the need for transistors to modulate a Maxwell–Boltzmann (MB) distribution of carriers by several orders of magnitude through the application of a potential that is several multiples of kT/q (where kis Boltzmann’s constant, T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin and q is the elementary charge). Biological systems, while operating under the same MB statistics, have no such constraints for operating ion channels since they are controlled by mechanical (or other conformational) processes rather than through modulation of a potential barrier. To bridge this operating voltage mismatch, the circuit includes a switched-capacitor voltage doubler (Fig. 1d) that is capable of self-startup from voltages as low V_start=145 mV (~5.5 kT/q) and can be operated continuously from input voltages from as low as V_min=110 mV (see Supplementary Discussion)…..

 

Maximizing the efficiency of harvesting energy from ATP

Solid-state systems and biological systems are also mismatched in their operating impedances. In our case, the biocell presents a source impedance, =84.2 GΩ, while the load impedance presented by the complete integrated circuit (including both the voltage converter and ring oscillator loads) is approximately R_IC=200 kΩ. (The load impedance, R_L, of the ring oscillators alone is 305 kΩ.) This mismatch in source and load impedance is manifest in large differences in power densities. In general, integrated circuits, even when operated at the point of minimum energy in subthreshold, consume on the order of 10⁻² W mm⁻² (or assuming a typical silicon chip thickness of 250 μm, 4 × 10⁻² W mm⁻³) (ref. 17). Typical cells, in contrast, consume on the order of 4 × 10⁻⁶ W mm⁻³ (ref. 18). In our case, a typical active power dissipation for our circuit is 92.3 nW, and the active average harvesting power is 71.4 fW for the biocell. This discrepancy is managed through duty-cycled operation of the IC in which the circuit is largely disabled for long periods of time (T_charge), integrating up the power onto a storage capacitor (C_STOR), which is then expended in a very brief period of activity (T_run), as shown in Fig. 3a.

The overall efficiency of the system in converting chemical energy to the energy consumed in the load ring oscillator (η) is given by the product of the conversion efficiency of the voltage doubler (η_converter) and the conversion efficiency of chemical energy to electrical energy in the biocell (η_biocell), η=η_converter × η_biocell. η_converter is relatively constant over the range of input voltages at ~59%, as determined by various loading test circuits included in the chip design (Supplementary Figs 1–6). η_biocell, however, varies with transmembrane potential V_m. η is the efficiency in transferring power to the power ring oscillator loads from the ATP harvested by biocell.

…….

To first order, the energy made available to the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase by the hydrolysis of ATP is independent of the chemical or electric potential of the membrane and is given by |ΔG_ATP|/(qN_A), where ΔG_ATP is the Gibbs free energy change due to the ATP hydrolysis reaction per mole of ATP at given buffer conditions and N_A is Avogadro’s number. Since every charge that passes through I_ATPase corresponds to a single hydrolysis event, we can use two voltage sources in series with I_ATPase to independently account for the energy expended by the pumps both in moving charge across the electric potential difference and in moving ions across the chemical potential difference. The dependent voltage source V_loss in this branch fixes the voltage across I_ATPase, and the total power produced by the pump current source is (|ΔG_ATP|/N_A)(Nk_ATP), which is the product of the energy released per molecule of ATP, the number of active ATPases and the ATP turnover rate. The power dissipated in voltage source V_chem models the work performed by the ATPases in transporting ions against a concentration gradient. In the case of the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase,V_chem is given by . The power dissipated in this source is introduced back into the circuit in the power generated by the Nernst independent voltage sources, and . The power dissipated in the dependent voltage source V_loss models any additional power not used to perform chemical or electrical work. ……

 

Integration of ATP-harvesting ion pumps could provide a means to power future CMOS microsystems scaled to the level of individual cells²². In molecular diagnostics, the integration of pore-forming proteins such as alpha haemolysin²³ or MspA porin²⁴ with CMOS electronics is already finding application in DNA sequencing²⁵. Exploiting the large diversity of function available in transmembrane proteins in these hybrid systems could, for example, lead to highly specific sensing platforms for airborne odorants or soluble molecular entities^{26, 27}. Heavily multiplexed platforms could become high-throughput in vitro drug-screening platforms against this diversity of function. In addition, integration of transmembrane proteins with CMOS may become a convenient alternative to fluorescence for coupling to synthetic biological systems²⁸.

 

Roseman, J. M. et al. Hybrid integrated biological–solid-state system powered with adenosine triphosphate. Nat. Commun. 6:10070      http://dx.doi.org:/10.1038/ncomms10070 (2015).

 

 

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LPBI Presents at Life Sciences Collaborative

Posted in Academic Publishing, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Curation, Evolutionary cognition, Explanatory, Pharmaceutical Industry Competitive Intelligence, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Pharmaceutical R&D Investment, Scientific & Biotech Conferences: Press Coverage, Social Development, Venture Capital, tagged Aviva Lev-Ari, Biotechnology, Biotechnology Industry Organization, Business incubator, Business intelligence, Business model, competetive intelligence, Conference Coverage with Social Media, Content Curation, curation communities, health, Larry H. Bernstein, Leaders in Pharmaceutical Intelligence, Life Sciences, pharmaceutical competitive intelligence, philadelphia, small business development, Social media on June 26, 2015| Leave a Comment »

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Intelligence Presentation at The Life Sciences Collaborative

Curator: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D. Website Analytics: Adam Sonnenberg, BSc Leaders in Pharmaceutical Intelligence presented their ongoing efforts to develop an open-access scientific and medical publishing and curation platform to The Life Science Collaborative, an executive pharmaceutical and biopharma networking group in the Philadelphia/New Jersey area.

Our Team

• Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN, Director and Founder
• Members of the Board
• Senior Editors
• Experts, Authors, Writers (EAWs)
• Business Development & Private Equity Investment
• Scientific Delegation Members & Patent Holders
• Inventors: Biologics
• Inventors: Medical Devices
• Research Associates

For more information on the Vision, Funding Deals and Partnerships please see our site at http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/vision/

For more information about our Team please see our site at http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/contributors-biographies/

For more information of LPBI Deals and Partnerships please see our site at http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/joint-ventures/

For more information about our BioMed E-Series please see our site at http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/biomed-e-books/

E-Book Titles by LPBI

For more information on Real-Time Conference Coverage including a full list of Conferences Covered by LPBI please go to http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/press-coverage/

For more information on Real-Time Conference Coverage and a full listing of Conferences Covered by LPBI please go to:

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/press-coverage/

The Pennsylvania (PA) and New Jersey (NJ) Biotech environment had been hit hard by the recession and loss of anchor big pharma companies however as highlighted by our interviews in “The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene” and other news outlets, additional issues are preventing the PA/NJ area from achieving its full potential (discussions also with LSC)

Download the PowerPoint slides here: Presentationlsc

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The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene: Focus on Computer-Aided Drug Design and Gfree Bio, LLC

Posted in Bio Instrumentation in Experimental Life Sciences Research, BioSimilars, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Computational Biology/Systems and Bioinformatics, Disease Biology, Drug Delivery Platform Technology, Global Partnering & Biotech Investment, Interviews with Scientific Leaders, Investment in Technological Breakthrough, Pharmaceutical Discovery, Pharmaceutical Industry Competitive Intelligence, Pharmaceutical R&D Investment, Small Molecules in Development of Therapeutic Drugs, Venture Capital, tagged #biotech, Aviva Lev-Ari, bioinvestment, Biomolecular structure, biotech incubator, biotech startup, Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, collaboration, computational biology, Conditions and Diseases, health, molecular modeling, philadelphia, research, SBIR, science, startup, structural biology, Venture capital on February 10, 2015| Leave a Comment »

The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene: Focus on Computer-Aided Drug Design and Gfree Bio, LLC

Curator: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

Article ID #166: The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene: Focus on Computer-Aided Drug Design and Gfree Bio, LLC. Published on 2/10/2015

WordCloud Image Produced by Adam Tubman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This post is the second in a series of posts highlighting interviews with Philadelphia area biotech startup CEO’s and show how a vibrant biotech startup scene is evolving in the city as well as the Delaware Valley area. Philadelphia has been home to some of the nation’s oldest biotechs including Cephalon, Centocor, hundreds of spinouts from a multitude of universities as well as home of the first cloned animal (a frog), the first transgenic mouse, and Nobel laureates in the field of molecular biology and genetics. Although some recent disheartening news about the fall in rankings of Philadelphia as a biotech hub and recent remarks by CEO’s of former area companies has dominated the news, biotech incubators like the University City Science Center and Bucks County Biotechnology Center as well as a reinvigorated investment community (like PCCI and MABA) are bringing Philadelphia back. And although much work is needed to bring the Philadelphia area back to its former glory days (including political will at the state level) there are many bright spots such as the innovative young companies as outlined in these posts.

In today’s post, I had the opportunity to talk with molecular modeler Charles H. Reynolds, Ph.D., founder and CEO of Gfree Bio LLC, a computational structure-based design and modeling company based in the Pennsylvania Biotech Center of Bucks County. Gfree is actually one of a few molecular modeling companies at the Bucks County Biotech Center (I highlighted another company RabD Biotech which structural computational methods to design antibody therapeutics).

Below is the interview with Dr. Reynolds of Gfree Bio LLC and Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI):

LPBI: Could you briefly explain, for non-molecular modelers, your business and the advantages you offer over other molecular modeling programs (either academic programs or other biotech companies)? As big pharma outsources more are you finding that your company is filling a needed niche market?

GfreeBio: Gfree develops and deploys innovative computational solutions to accelerate drug discovery. We can offer academic labs a proven partner for developing SBIR/STTR proposals that include a computational or structure-based design component. This can be very helpful in developing a successful proposal. We also provide the same modeling and structure-based design input for small biotechs that do not have these capabilities internally. Working with Gfree is much more cost-effective than trying to develop these capabilities internally. We have helped several small biotechs in the Philadelphia region assess their modeling needs and apply computational tools to advance their discovery programs. (see publication and collaboration list here).

LPBI: Could you offer more information on the nature of your 2014 STTR award?

GfreeBio: Gfree has been involved in three successful SBIR/STTR awards in 2014.   I am the PI for an STTR with Professor Burgess of Texas A&M that is focused on new computational and synthetic approaches to designing inhibitors for protein-protein interactions. Gfree is also collaborating with the Wistar Institute and Phelix Therapeutics on two other Phase II proposals in the areas of oncology and infectious disease.

LPBI: Why did you choose the Bucks County Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center?

GfreeBio: I chose to locate my company at the Biotech Center because it is a regional hub for small biotech companies and it provides a range of shared resources that are very useful to the company. Many of my most valuable collaborations have resulted from contacts at the center.

LPBI: The Blumberg Institute and Natural Products Discovery Institute has acquired a massive phytochemical library. How does this resource benefit the present and future plans for GfreeBio?

GfreeBio: To date Gfree Bio has not been an active collaborator with the Natural Products Insititute, but I have a good relationship with the Director and that could change at any time.

LPBI: Was the state of Pennsylvania and local industry groups support GfreeBio’s move into the Doylestown incubator? Has the partnership with Ben Franklin Partners and the Center provided you with investment and partnership opportunities?

GfreeBio: Gfree Bio has not been actively seeking outside investors, at least to date. We have been focused on growing the company through collaborations and consulting relationships. However, we have benefitted from being part of the Keystone Innovation Zone, a state program that provides incentives for small technology-based businesses in Pennsylvania.

LPBI: You will be speaking at a conference in the UK on reinventing the drug discovery process through tighter collaborations between biotech, academia, and non-profit organizations.  How do you feel the Philadelphia area can increase this type of collaboration to enhance not only the goals and missions of nonprofits, invigorate the Pennsylvania biotech industry, but add much needed funding to the local academic organizations?

GfreeBio: I think this type of collaboration across sectors appears to be one of the most important emerging models for drug discovery.   The Philadelphia region has been in many ways hard hit by the shift of drug discovery from large vertically integrated pharmaceutical companies to smaller biotechs, since this area was at the very center of “Big Pharma.” But I think the region is bouncing back as it shifts more to being a center for biotech. The three ingredients for success in the new pharma model are great universities, a sizeable talent pool, and access to capital. The last item may be the biggest challenge locally. The KIZ program (Keystone Innovation Zone) is a good start, but the region and state could do more to help promote innovation and company creation. Some other states are being much more aggressive.

LPBI: In addition, the Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center in Bucks County appears to have this ecosystem: nonprofit organizations, biotechs, and academic researchers. Does this diversity of researchers/companies under one roof foster the type of collaboration needed, as will be discussed at the UK conference? Do you feel collaborations which are in close physical proximity are more effective and productive than a “virtual-style” (online) collaboration model? Could you comment on some of the collaborations GfreeBio is doing with other area biotechs and academics?

GfreeBio: I do think the “ecosystem” at the Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center is important in fostering new innovative companies. It promotes collaborations that might not happen otherwise, and I think close proximity is always a big plus. As I mentioned before, many of the current efforts of Gfree have come from contacts at the center.   This includes SBIR/STTR collaborations and contract work for local small biotech companies.

LPBI: Thompson Reuters just reported that China’s IQ (Innovation Quotient) has risen dramatically with the greatest patents for pharmaceuticals and compounds from natural products. Have you or your colleagues noticed more competition or business from Chinese pharmaceutical companies?

GfreeBio: The rise of Asia, particularly China, has been one of the most significant recent trends in the pharmaceutical industry. Initially, this was almost exclusively in the CRO space, but now China is aggressively building a fully integrated domestic pharmaceutical industry.

LPBI: How can the Philadelphia ecosystem work closer together to support greater innovation?

GfreeBio: A lot has happened in recent years to promote innovation and company creation in the region. There could always be more opportunities for networking and collaboration within the Philadelphia community. Of course the biggest obstacle in this business is often financing. Philadelphia needs more public and private sources for investment in startups.

LPBI: Thank you Dr. Reynolds.

Please look for future posts in this series on the Philly Biotech Scene on this site

Also, if you would like your Philadelphia biotech startup to be highlighted in this series please contact me: sjwilliamspa@comcast.net or @StephenJWillia2.

Our site is read by ~ 570,000 readers, among them thousand international readers daily and followed by thousands of Twitter followers.

 

Other posts on this site in this VIBRANT PHILLY BIOTECH SCENE SERIES OR referring to PHILADELPHIA BIOTECH include:

RAbD Biotech Presents at 1st Pitch Life Sciences-Philadelphia

The Vibrant Philly Biotech Scene: Focus on Vaccines and Philimmune, LLC

What VCs Think about Your Pitch? Panel Summary of 1st Pitch Life Science Philly

1st Pitch Life Science- Philadelphia- What VCs Really Think of your Pitch

LytPhage Presents at 1st Pitch Life Sciences-Philadelphia

Hastke Inc. Presents at 1st Pitch Life Sciences-Philadelphia

PCCI’s 7th Annual Roundtable “Crowdfunding for Life Sciences: A Bridge Over Troubled Waters?” May 12 2014 Embassy Suites Hotel, Chesterbrook PA 6:00-9:30 PM

Pfizer Cambridge Collaborative Innovation Events: ‘The Role of Innovation Districts in Metropolitan Areas to Drive the Global an | Basecamp Business

Mapping the Universe of Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence: The Model developed by LPBI and the Model of Best Practices LLC

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