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Why should Quality Assurance be difficult and awkward? Take a strategic view on achieving compliance (focus on ISO 13485)

Why should Quality Assurance be difficult and awkward? Take a strategic view on achieving compliance (focus on ISO 13485)

 Reporter: Dror Nir, PhD

Converting life-science innovations into useful products involves allocation of significant resources to handling of regulatory processes. A typical approach that makes the management of these processes difficult and awkward is starting your project and later patching it with a QA system. It then becomes a source of sever headaches to many people who need to live and operate according to such patch.
I hope that the following post by Rina will inspire you all.
It is all too easy to dive into the list of requirements contained within the ISO 13485 and achieve compliance by just ticking the boxes: looking at one requirement or one area at a time and making sure you have put in place something to address that requirement. This may easily result in a quality system that feels like a patchwork. Compliant, perhaps, but most certainly awkward and difficult to sustain.
The second most common mistake is to not ask yourself how software tools can help in setting up the quality system. “We already have MS Word, MS Excel, email, and we can always print a document and have it signed.” This is only a solution if you think that the quality system is a one-off activity. In the longer run, the system turns out to be a constant struggle with non-integrated elements that have no cohesion.
A better way to address compliance is to:
  1. Accept the fact that the quality system is a long term commitment and that it is very demanding.
  2. Assume that the right software tools do help.
  3. Think strategically, reviewing the whole standard, and try to identify the different areas, in respect to what type of software would help address those.

Real life example: A company maintains an Excel list of all corrective actions. The date of effectiveness check is filled in manually. A QA engineer needs to review the Excel spreadsheet once a week to identify which effectiveness checks are due. Last audit revealed that in most cases, effectiveness checks were not followed up.
Real life question: Meetings and other events are registered in a calendar and you are reminded when they are due. Wouldn’t it be easier if effectiveness checks due dates were also linked to a calendar? Putting those dates in Excel does not make more sense than putting your meetings in Excel…..

What follows is how we can divide the ISO-13485:2003 in regard to the type of software features which can help us. You do not need to be an IT expert to follow the logic or the explanation – if you know the standard and see my examples hopefully you will get the idea.
In any case, I put here the complete mapping of the ISO into the different categories I describe. I also mention the main Atlassian tools we use to address each area. In future posts we will dive deeper into each of those categories and provide more details on exactly how we achieve easy and sustainable, compliance.
So, as promised, these are the various categories that appear in the ISO 13485:2003:
  1. Document management: These are the various requirements relating to the procedures, manuals, and device related documents you need to have, and how they should be handled within the organization. The ISO elaborates in quite a detailed manner about how the controlled documents needs to be approved, who should access them, etc. Confluence is the key tool we use to handle all these requirements.
  2. Procedures and records are the evidence that the organization lives up to its quality system: The various procedures and work instructions should be followed consistently on a daily basis, forms or other records should be collected as evidence. Some examples (with reference to the standard section):
    • Training( 6.2.2).
    • Customer complaints: (8.5.1).
    • Corrective and preventive actions: (8.5.2, 8.5.3)
    • Subcontractor approvals( 7.4.1)
    • Purchasing forms( 7.4.1).

Those records may be created as electronic or physical paper forms which need to be completed by the authorized person. However, a much better way is to implement an automatic workflow that makes it easier for the team to create, follow, and document all the various tasks they need to do. Such a workflow can automatically schedule tasks, remind and alert, thus triggering better compliance to the quality system and at the same time automatically creating the required records. This is a double win. JIRA® is our tool of choice and it provides a state-of-the-art solution to everything related to forms and workflows.

  1. Design control: Some of the issues covered by section 7 of the ISO 13485 require quite advanced control along several phases of design and development. The risk mitigation measures and the product requirements should be, for example, verified in the product verification stage. This verification, or the test file, could be written as a simple Word or Excel document, but a far better implementation is to create it within JIRA. The advantage of JIRA here is the various reporting that it allows once the data is in and the fact that it can connect directly into the work scheduling of the various team members. JIRA is the principal tool we use for design control. Confluence can be used in some advanced implementations. If the medical device involves software, then the development suite from Atlassian can be implemented to provide a complete software life cycle management suite.
  2. Manufacturing and product traceability: Some requirements relate to your manufacturing setup. Depending on the scale and type of manufacturing, specialized ERP may be the best option. When manufacturing is more basic and does not call for a full blown manufacturing facility, JIRA can handle the requirements of the standard.
  3. Monitoring and improving: A key theme of the standard is the need of the organization to measure and improve (for example, section 8.2.3). The nice thing is that the framework we have put in place to support the other categories, if done correctly, should provide us with the reports, alerts, and statistics we need. Indeed, all the processes we have implemented in JIRA, as well as the various elements we have implemented in Confluence, may easily be collected and displayed in practically endless variations of reports and dashboards.
Requirement (Article) Requirement type
4.Quality management system – 1.General requirements Non specific
4.Quality management system – 2.Documentation requirements – 1.General Document management
4.Quality management system – 2.Documentation requirements – 2.Quality manual Document management
4.Quality management system – 2.Documentation requirements – 3.Control of documents Document management
4.Quality management system – 2.Documentation requirements – 4.Control of records Procedures and records
5.Management responsibility – 1.Management commitment Document management
5.Management responsibility – 2.Customer focus Non specific
5.Management responsibility – 3.Quality policy Monitoring and ongoing improvement
5.Management responsibility – 4.Planning – 1.Quality objectives Monitoring and ongoing improvement
5.Management responsibility – 4.Planning – 2.Quality management system planning Monitoring and ongoing improvement
5.Management responsibility – 5.Responsibility, authority and communication – 1.Responsibility and authority Document management
5.Management responsibility – 5.Responsibility, authority and communication – 2.Management representative Monitoring and ongoing improvement
5.Management responsibility – 5.Responsibility, authority and communication – 3.Internal communication Monitoring and ongoing improvement
5.Management responsibility – 6.Management review – 1.General Monitoring and ongoing improvement
5.Management responsibility – 6.Management review – 2.Review input Monitoring and ongoing improvement
5.Management responsibility – 6.Management review – 3.Review output Monitoring and ongoing improvement
6.Resource management – 1.Provision of resources Non specific
6.Resource management – 2.Human resources – 1.General Procedures and records
6.Resource management – 2.Human resources – 2.Competence, awareness and training Procedures and records
6.Resource management – 3.Infrastructure Manufacturing and product traceability
6.Resource management – 4.Work environment Non specific
7.Product realization – 1.Planning of product realization Design control
7.Product realization – 2.Customer-related processes – 1.Determination of requirements related to the product Design control
7.Product realization – 2.Customer-related processes – 2.Review of requirements related to the product Design control
7.Product realization – 2.Customer-related processes – 3.Customer communication Design control
7.Product realization – 3.Design and development – 1.Design and development planning Design control
7.Product realization – 3.Design and development – 1.Design and development input Design control
7.Product realization – 3.Design and development – 3.Design and development outputs Design control
7.Product realization – 3.Design and development – 4.Design and development review Design control
7.Product realization – 3.Design and development – 5.Design and development verification Design control
7.Product realization – 3.Design and development – 6.Design and development validation Design control
7.Product realization – 3.Design and development – 7.Control of design and development changes Design control
7.Product realization – 4.Purchasing – 1.Purchasing process Procedures and records
7.Product realization – 4.Purchasing – 2.Purchasing information Procedures and records
7.Product realization – 4.Purchasing – 3.Verification of purchased product Procedures and records
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 1.Control of production and service provision – 1.General requirements Procedures and records
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 1.Control of production and service provision – 2.Control of production and service provision: Specific requirements – 1.Cleanliness of product and contamination control Manufacturing and product traceability
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 1.Control of production and service provision – 2.Control of production and service provision: Specific requirements – 2.Installation ativities Procedures and records
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 1.Control of production and service provision – 2. – 3.Servicing activities Procedures and records
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 1.Control of production and service provision – 3.Particular requirements for sterile medical devices Manufacturing and product traceability
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 2.Validation of processes for production and service provision – 1.General requirements Manufacturing and product traceability
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 2.Validation of processes for production and service provision – 2.Particular requirements for sterile medical devices Manufacturing and product traceability
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 3. Identification and traceability – 1.Identification Manufacturing and product traceability
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 3. Identification and traceability – 2.Traceability – 1.General Manufacturing and product traceability
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 3. Identification and traceability – 2.Particular requirements for active implantable medical devices and implantable medical devices Manufacturing and product traceability
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 3. Identification and traceability – 3.Status identification Manufacturing and product traceability
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 4.Customer property Non specific
7.Product realization – 5.Production and service provision – 5.Preservation of product Procedures and records
7.Product realization – 6.Control of monitoring and measuring devices Manufacturing and product traceability
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 1.General Monitoring and ongoing improvement
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 2.Monitoring and measurement – 1.Feedback Monitoring and ongoing improvement
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 2.Monitoring and measurement – 2.Internal audit Procedures and records
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 2.Monitoring and measurement – 3.Monitoring and measurement of processes Monitoring and ongoing improvement
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 2.Monitoring and measurement – 4.Monitoring and measurement of product – 1. General requirements Design control
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 2.Monitoring and measurement – 4.Monitoring and measurement of product – 2.Particular requirement for active implantable medical devices and implantable medical devices Procedures and records
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 3.Control of nonconforming product Procedures and records
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 4.Aalysis of data Monitoring and ongoing improvement
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 5.Improvement – 1.General Monitoring and ongoing improvement
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 5.Improvement – 2.Corrective action Procedures and records
8.Measurement, analysis and improvement – 5.Improvement – 3.Preventive action Procedures and records

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The Role of Medical Imaging in Personalized Medicine

Writer & reporter: Dror Nir, PhD

The future of personalized medicine comprise quantifiable diagnosis and tailored treatments; i.e. delivering the right treatment at the right time. To achieve standardized definition of what “right” means, the designated treatment location and lesion size are important factors. This is unrelated to whether the treatment is focused to a location or general. The role of medical imaging is and will continue to be vital in that respect: Patients’ stratification based on imaging biomarkers can help identify individuals suited for preventive intervention and can improve disease staging. In vivo visualization of loco-regional physiological, biochemical and biological processes using molecular imaging can detect diseases in pre-symptomatic phases or facilitate individualized drug delivery. Furthermore, as mentioned in most of my previous posts, imaging is essential to patient-tailored therapy planning, therapy monitoring, quantification of response-to-treatment and follow-up disease progression. Especially with the rise of companion diagnostics/theranostics (therapeutics & diagnostics), imaging and treatment will have to be synchronized in real-time to achieve the best control/guidance of the treatment.

It is worthwhile noting that the new RECIST 1.1 criteria (used in oncological therapy monitoring) have been expanded to include the use of PET (in addition to lymph-node evaluation).

pet

In previous posts I already discussed many examples concerning the use of medical imaging in personalized medicine: e.g. patients’ stratification; Imaging-biomarkers is Imaging-based tissue characterization, the future of imaging-biomarkers in diagnostic; Ultrasound-based Screening for Ovarian Cancer, imaging-based guided therapies; Minimally invasive image-guided therapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, treatment follow-up; the importance of spatially-localized and quantified image interpretation in cancer management, and imaging-based assessment of response to treatment; Causes and imaging features of false positives and false negatives on 18F-PET/CT in oncologic imaging

Browsing through our collaborative open-source initiative one can find many more articles and discussions on that matter; e.g. Tumor Imaging and Targeting: Predicting Tumor Response to Treatment: Where we stand?, In Search of Clarity on Prostate Cancer Screening, Post-Surgical Followup, and Prediction of Long Term Remission

In this post I would like to highlight the potential contribution of medical imaging to development of companion diagnostics. I do that through the story on co-development of Vintafolide (EC145) and etarfolatide (Endocyte/Merck). Etarfolatide is a folate-targeted molecular radiodiagnostic imaging agent that identifies tumors that overexpress the folate receptor. The folate receptor, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored cell surface receptor, is overexpressed on the vast majority of cancer tissues, while its expression is limited in healthy tissues and organs. Folate receptors are highly expressed in epithelial, ovarian, cervical, breast, lung, kidney, colorectal, and brain tumors. When expressed in normal tissue, folate receptors are restricted to the lungs, kidneys, placenta, and choroid plexus. In these tissues, the receptors are limited to the apical surface of polarized epithelia. Folate, also known as pteroylglutamate, is a non-immunogenic water-soluble B vitamin that is critical to DNA synthesis, methylation, and repair (folate is used to synthesize thymine).

Vintafolide (EC145) delivers a very potent vinca chemotherapy directly to cancer cells by targeting the folate receptor expressed on cancer cells. Approximately 80-90 percent of ovarian and lung cancers express the receptor, as do many other types of cancer. Clinical data have shown that patients with metastases that are all positive for the folate receptor, identified by etarfolatide, benefited the most from the treatment with vintafolide, the corresponding folate-targeted small molecule drug conjugate.

Having both drug and imaging agent rely on folate receptors within the patients body Endocyte’s strategy was to develop the imaging agent and to use it to accelerate R&D and regulation. Endocyte and Merck entered into a partnership for vintafolide in April 2012. Under this partnership Merck was granted an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize vintafolide. Endocyte is responsible for conducting the PROCEED Phase 3 clinical study in women with platinum resistant ovarian cancer and the Phase 2b second line NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) study named TARGET. Merck is responsible for further clinical studies in additional indications. This Co-development of a diagnostic and therapeutic agent, was conducted according to the FDA guidance on personalized medicine and resulted with vintafolide gaining, already in 2012, status of orphan drug in EMA.

 

 The following is an extract from a post by Phillip H. Kuo, MD, PhD, associate professor of medical imaging, medicine, and biomedical engineering; section chief of nuclear medicine; and director of PET/CT at the University of Arizona Cancer Center.

 0213-figure-1

Figure 1 — Targeted Radioimaging Diagnostic and Small Molecule Drug Conjugate

Etarfolatide is comprised of the targeting ligand folic acid (yellow), which has a high folate receptor binding affinity, and a Technetium-99m–based radioimaging agent (turquoise). Etarfolatide identifies metastases that express the folate receptor protein in real time (A). The folic acid-targeting ligand is identical to that found on vintafolide, the corresponding therapeutic small molecule drug conjugate, which also contains a linker system (blue) and a potent chemotherapeutic drug (red) (B).

 

 vinta

Figure 2 — Whole-Body Scan With 111In-DTPA-Folate 

Diagnostic images of whole-body scans obtained following administration of the targeted radioimaging agent 111In-DTPA-folate, which is constructed with the same folic acid ligand as that engineered in etarfolatide. The healthy patient image on the left shows no folate receptor-positive abdominal tumor. Instead, only healthy kidneys (involved in excretion) are revealed. The patient on the right shows folate receptor-positive tumors in the abdomen and pelvis. Patients with metastases, identified with the companion imaging diagnostic etarfolatide as folate receptor-positive are most likely to respond to treatment with the corresponding small molecular drug conjugate vintafolide. Note: Vintafolide currently is being evaluated in a phase 3 clinical trial for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and a phase 2 trial for non–small-cell lung cancer. Both studies also are using etarfolatide.

0213-figure-3

Figure 3 — Vintafolide’s Mechanism of Action

Folate is required for cell division, and rapidly dividing cancer cells often express folate receptors to capture enough folate to support rapid cell growth. Elevated expression of the folate receptor occurs in many human malignancies, especially when associated with aggressively growing cancers. The folate-targeted small molecule drug conjugate vintafolide binds to the folate receptor (A) and subsequently is internalized by a natural endocytosis process (B). Once inside the cell, vintafolide’s serum-stable linker selectively releases a potent vinca alkaloid compound (C) to arrest cell division and induce cell death.

Epilog

I think that those of you who reached this point in my post deserve a special bonus! So here it is: A medical-imaging initiative that is as ambitious and complex as the initiative to send humans into deep-space.

This is the The European Population Imaging Infrastructure initiative of the Dutch Federation of University Medical Centres (NFU) and the Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Radiology, chaired by Professor Gabriel P. Krestin. The NFU has made available initial funding for the development of this initiative.

The European Population Imaging Infrastructure closely cooperates with the European Biomedical Imaging Infrastructure Project EURO-BioImaging which is currently being developed.

The ultimate aim of the infrastructure is to help the development and implementation of strategies to prevent or effectively treat disease. It supports imaging in large, prospective epidemiological studies on the population level. Image specific markers of pre-symptomatic diseases can be used to investigate causes of pathological alterations and for the early identification of people at risk.

More information on this infrastructure and on the role of the European Population Imaging Infrastructure in this can be found in the Netherlands Roadmap for Large-Scale Research Facilities, the applicaton for funding of the Roadmap Large Scale Research Facilities Application form of the Roadmap EuroBioImaging, and on the Euro-BioImaging website.

Certainly, while making progress with this initiative, many lessons will be learned. I recommend to explore this site and Enjoy!

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Genomics and Medicine: The Physician’s View

Genomics and Medicine: The Physician’s View

Author and Curator: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Genomics has had a rapid growth of research into variability of human genetics in both healthy populations in the study of population migration, and in the study of genetic sequence alterations that may increase the risk of expressed human disease.  This is the case for cardiology, cancer, inflammtory conditions, and gastrointestinal diseases. For the most part, genomics research in the last decade has shed light on potential therapeutic targets, but the identification of drug toxicities in late phase trials has been associated with a 70 percent failure rate in bringing new drugs to the market.   Despite good technologies for investigative studies, initial work is carried out on animals and then the transferrability of the work from a “model” to man has to be assured.  That is the first issue of concern.

Secondly, there is a well considered reluctance on the part of experienced and well prepared physicians to be “early” adopters to newly introduced drugs, with the apprehension that unidentified clinical problems can be expected to be unmasked.  It is, however, easier to consider when a new drug belongs to an established class of medications, and it has removed known adverse effects.  In this case, the adverse effects are known side effects, but not necessarily serious drug reactions that would preclude use.

A third consideration is the cost of drug development, and the cost of development is passed on to the healthcare organization in the purchasing cost. We can rest assured that the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Review Committee will not cease meeting on a regular schedule anytime soon.  Further, how do the drug failures become embedded in the cost of the pharmaceutical budget passed on to the recipient.  Historically, insurance is an actuarial discipline.  But in the lifetime of an individual, they are bound to see a physician for acute or chronic medical attention.  Only the timing cannot be predicted.  As a result, dealing with the valid introduction of new medications is a big concern for both the public and the private insurer.

How does this compute for the physician provider.  The practice of medicine is not quickly adaptive, as the physician’s primary concern is to do no harm.   Genomics testing is not widely available, and it is for the most part not definitive for diagnostic purposes as things stand today.  It may provide assessment of risk, or of survival expectation.  The physician uses a step by step assessment, using the patient and family history, a focused physical exam, laboratory and radiology, proceeding to other more specialized exams.  Much of the laboratory testing is based on the appearance in the circulation of changes in blood chemistry of the nature of electrolytes, circulating cells in the blood and of the blood forming organ, proteins, urea and uric acid.  They are not exquisitely sensitive, but they might be sufficient for their abnormal concentrations appearing at the time the patient presents with a complaint. What tests are ordered is determioned by a need for relevant information to make a medical decision.

The relevant questions are:

1. acuity of symptoms and signs.
2. actions to be taken.
3. tests that are needed to clarify the examination findings.

once a provisional diagnosis is obtained, referrals, additional testing, and medication orders are provided based on the assessment.

Where does genetic testing fit into this? At this point, it will only be used

  1. to confirm a restricted list of diagnoses that have a high association with the condition, and
  2. only with the participation of a medical geneticist, when
  3. profiling the patient and other members of the family is required.

10d0de1 Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci

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Curation, HealthCare System in the US, and Calcium Signaling Effects on Cardiac Contraction, Heart Failure, and Atrial Fibrillation, and the Relationship of Calcium Release at the Myoneural Junction to Beta Adrenergic Release

Curation, HealthCare System in the US, and Calcium Signaling Effects on Cardiac Contraction, Heart Failure, and Atrial Fibrillation, and the Relationship of Calcium Release at the Myoneural Junction to Beta Adrenergic Release

Curator and e-book Contributor: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP
Curator and BioMedicine e-Series Editor-in-Chief: Aviva Lev Ari, PhD, RN

and 

Content Consultant to Six-Volume e-SERIES A: Cardiovascular Diseases: Justin Pearlman, MD, PhD, FACC

This portion summarises what we have covered and is now familiar to the reader.  There are three related topics, and an extension of this embraces other volumes and chapters before and after this reading.  This approach to the document has advantages over the multiple authored textbooks that are and have been pervasive as a result of the traditional publication technology.  It has been stated by the founder of ScoopIt, that amount of time involved is considerably less than required for the original publications used, but the organization and construction is a separate creative process.  In these curations we amassed on average five articles in one curation, to which, two or three curators contributed their views.  There were surprises, and there were unfulfilled answers along the way.  The greatest problem that is being envisioned is the building a vision that bridges and unmasks the hidden “dark matter” between the now declared “OMICS”, to get a more real perspective on what is conjecture and what is actionable.  This is in some respects unavoidable because the genome is an alphabet that is matched to the mino acid sequences of proteins, which themselves are three dimensional drivers of sequences of metabolic reactions that can be altered by the accumulation of substrates in critical placements, and in addition, the proteome has functional proteins whose activity is a regulatory function and not easily identified.  In the end, we have to have a practical conception, recognizing the breadth of evolutionary change, and make sense of what we have, while searching for more.

We introduced the content as follows:

1. We introduce the concept of curation in the digital context, and it’s application to medicine and related scientific discovery.

Topics were chosen were used to illustrate this process in the form of a pattern, which is mostly curation, but is significantly creative, as it emerges in the context of this e-book.

  • Alternative solutions in Treatment of Heart Failure (HF), medical devices, biomarkers and agent efficacy is handled all in one chapter.
  • PCI for valves vs Open heart Valve replacement
  • PDA and Complications of Surgery — only curation could create the picture of this unique combination of debate, as exemplified of Endarterectomy (CEA) vs Stenting the Carotid Artery (CAS), ischemic leg, renal artery stenosis.

2. The etiology, or causes, of cardiovascular diseases consist of mechanistic explanations for dysfunction relating to the heart or vascular system. Every one of a long list of abnormalities has a path that explains the deviation from normal. With the completion of the analysis of the human genome, in principle all of the genetic basis for function and dysfunction are delineated. While all genes are identified, and the genes code for all the gene products that constitute body functions, there remains more unknown than known.

3. Human genome, and in combination with improved imaging methods, genomics offers great promise in changing the course of disease and aging.

4. If we tie together Part 1 and Part 2, there is ample room for considering clinical outcomes based on individual and organizational factors for best performance. This can really only be realized with considerable improvement in information infrastructure, which has miles to go.

Curation

Curation is an active filtering of the web’s  and peer reviewed literature found by such means – immense amount of relevant and irrelevant content. As a result content may be disruptive. However, in doing good curation, one does more than simply assign value by presentation of creative work in any category. Great curators comment and share experience across content, authors and themes.
Great curators may see patterns others don’t, or may challenge or debate complex and apparently conflicting points of view.  Answers to specifically focused questions comes from the hard work of many in laboratory settings creatively establishing answers to definitive questions, each a part of the larger knowledge-base of reference. There are those rare “Einstein’s” who imagine a whole universe, unlike the three blindmen of the Sufi tale.  One held the tail, the other the trunk, the other the ear, and they all said this is an elephant!
In my reading, I learn that the optimal ratio of curation to creation may be as high as 90% curation to 10% creation. Creating content is expensive. Curation, by comparison, is much less expensive.  The same source says “Scoop.it is my content marketing testing “sandbox”. In sharing, he says that comments provide the framework for what and how content is shared.

Healthcare and Affordable Care Act

We enter year 2014 with the Affordable Care Act off to a slow start because of the implementation of the internet signup requiring a major repair, which is, unfortunately, as expected for such as complex job across the US, and with many states unwilling to participate.  But several states – California, Connecticut, and Kentucky – had very effective state designed signups, separate from the federal system.  There has been a very large rush and an extension to sign up. There are many features that we can take note of:

1. The healthcare system needed changes because we have the most costly system, are endowed with advanced technology, and we have inexcusable outcomes in several domains of care, including, infant mortality, and prenatal care – but not in cardiology.

2. These changes that are notable are:

  • The disparities in outcome are magnified by a large disparity in highest to lowest income bracket.
  • This is also reflected in educational status, and which plays out in childhood school lunches, and is also affected by larger class size and cutbacks in school programs.
  • This is not  helped by a large paralysis in the two party political system and the three legs of government unable to deal with work and distraction.
  • Unemployment is high, and the banking and home construction, home buying, and rental are in realignment, but interest rates are problematic.

3.  The  medical care system is affected by the issues above, but the complexity is not to be discounted.

  •  The medical schools are unable at this time to provide the influx of new physicians needed, so we depend on a major influx of physicians from other countries
  • The technology for laboratories, proteomic and genomic as well as applied medical research is rejuvenating the practice in cardiology more rapidly than any other field.
  • In fields that are imaging related the life cycle of instruments is shorter than the actual lifetime use of the instruments, which introduces a shortening of ROI.
  • Hospitals are consolidating into large consortia in order to maintain a more viable system for referral of specialty cases, and also is centralizing all terms of business related to billing.
  • There is reduction in independent physician practices that are being incorporated into the hospital enterprise with Part B billing under the Physician Organization – as in Partners in Greater Boston, with the exception of “concierge” medical practices.
  • There is consolidation of specialty laboratory services within state, with only the most specialized testing going out of state (Quest, LabCorp, etc.)
  • Medicaid is expanded substantially under the new ACA.
  • The federal government as provider of services is reducing the number of contractors for – medical devices, diabetes self-testing, etc.
  • The current rearrangements seeks to provide a balance between capital expenses and fixed labor costs that it can control, reduce variable costs (reagents, pharmaceutical), and to take in more patients with less delay and better performance – defined by outside agencies.

Cardiology, Genomics, and calcium ion signaling and ion-channels in cardiomyocyte function in health and disease – including heart failure, rhythm abnormalities, and the myoneural release of neurotransmitter at the vesicle junction.

This portion is outlined as follows:

2.1 Human Genome: Congenital Etiological Sources of Cardiovascular Disease

2.2 The Role of Calcium in Health and Disease

2.3 Vasculature and Myocardium: Diagnosing the Conditions of Disease

Genomics & Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnoses

actin cytoskeleton

wall stress, ventricular workload, contractile reserve

Genetic Base of Atherosclerosis and Loss of Arterial Elasticity with Aging

calcium and actin skeleton, signaling, cell motility

hypertension & vascular compliance

Genetics of Conduction Disease

Ca+ stimulated exostosis: calmodulin & PKC (neurotransmitter)

complications & MVR

disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis cardiac & vascular smooth muscle

synaptotagmin as Ca2+ sensor & vesicles

atherosclerosis & ion channels


It is increasingly clear that there are mutations that underlie many human diseases, and this is true of the cardiovascular system.  The mutations are mistakes in the insertion of a purine nucleotide, which may or may not have any consequence.  This is why the associations that are being discovered in research require careful validation, and even require demonstration in “models” before pursuing the design of pharmacological “target therapy”.  The genomics in cardiovascular disease involves very serious congenital disorders that are asserted early in life, but the effects of and development of atherosclerosis involving large and medium size arteries has a slow progression and is not dominated by genomic expression.  This is characterized by loss of arterial elasticity. In addition there is the development of heart failure, which involves the cardiomyocyte specifically.  The emergence of regenerative medical interventions, based on pleuripotent inducible stem cell therapy is developing rapidly as an intervention in this sector.

Finally, it is incumbent on me to call attention to the huge contribution that research on calcium (Ca2+) signaling has made toward the understanding of cardiac contraction and to the maintenance of the heart rhythm.  The heart is a syncytium, different than skeletal and smooth muscle, and the innervation is by the vagus nerve, which has terminal endings at vesicles which discharge at the myocyte junction.  The heart specifically has calmodulin kinase CaMK II, and it has been established that calmodulin is involved in the calcium spark that triggers contraction.  That is only part of the story.  Ion transport occurs into or out of the cell, the latter termed exostosis.  Exostosis involves CaMK II and pyruvate kinase (PKC), and they have independent roles.  This also involves K+-Na+-ATPase.  The cytoskeleton is also discussed, but the role of aquaporin in water transport appears elsewhere, as the transport of water between cells.  When we consider the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, which precedes the current work by a century, we recall that there is an essential balance between extracellular Na+ + Ca2+ and the intracellular K+ + Mg2+, and this has been superceded by an incompletely defined relationship between ions that are cytoplasmic and those that are mitochondrial.  The glass is half full!

 

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The Cost to Value Conundrum in Cardiovascular Healthcare Provision

The Cost to Value Conundrum in Cardiovascular Healthcare Provision

Author: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP

Article ID #98: The Cost to Value Conundrum in Cardiovascular Healthcare Provision. Published on 1/1/2014

WordCloud Image Produced by Adam Tubman

I write this introduction to Volume 2 of the e-series on Cardiovascular Diseases, which curates the basic structure and physiology of the heart, the vasculature, and related structures, e.g., the kidney, with respect to:

1. Pathogenesis
2. Diagnosis
3. Treatment

Curation is an introductory portion to Volume Two, which is necessary to introduce the methodological design used to create the following articles. More needs not to be discussed about the methodology, which will become clear, if only that the content curated is changing based on success or failure of both diagnostic and treatment technology availability, as well as the systems needed to support the ongoing advances.  Curation requires:

  • meaningful selection,
  • enrichment, and
  • sharing combining sources and
  • creation of new synnthesis

Curators have to create a new perspective or idea on top of the existing media which supports the content in the original. The curator has to select from the myriad upon myriad options available, to re-share and critically view the work. A search can be overwhelming in size of the output, but the curator has to successfully pluck the best material straight out of that noise.

Part 1 is a highly important treatment that is not technological, but about the system now outdated to support our healthcare system, the most technolog-ically advanced in the world, with major problems in the availability of care related to economic disparities.  It is not about technology, per se, but about how we allocate healthcare resources, about individuals’ roles in a not full list of lifestyle maintenance options for self-care, and about the important advances emerging out of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), impacting enormously on Medicaid, which depends on state-level acceptance, on community hospital, ambulatory, and home-care or hospice restructuring, which includes the reduction of management overhead by the formation of regional healthcare alliances, the incorporation of physicians into hospital-based practices (with the hospital collecting and distributing the Part B reimbursement to the physician, with “performance-based” targets for privileges and payment – essential to the success of an Accountable Care Organization (AC)).  One problem that ACA has definitively address is the elimination of the exclusion of patients based on preconditions.  One problem that has been left unresolved is the continuing existence of private policies that meet financial capabilities of the contract to provide, but which provide little value to the “purchaser” of care.  This is a holdout that persists in for-profit managed care as an option.  A physician response to the new system of care, largely fostered by a refusal to accept Medicaid, is the formation of direct physician-patient contracted care without an intermediary.

In this respect, the problem is not simple, but is resolvable.  A proposal for improved economic stability has been prepared by Edward Ingram. A concern for American families and businesses is substantially addressed in a macroeconomic design concept, so that financial services like housing, government, and business finance, savings and pensions, boosting confidence at every level giving everyone a better chance of success in planning their personal savings and lifetime and business finances.

http://macro-economic-design.blogspot.com/p/book.html

Part 2 is a collection of scientific articles on the current advances in cardiac care by the best trained physicians the world has known, with mastery of the most advanced vascular instrumentation for medical or surgical interventions, the latest diagnostic ultrasound and imaging tools that are becoming outdated before the useful lifetime of the capital investment has been completed.  If we tie together Part 1 and Part 2, there is ample room for considering  clinical outcomes based on individual and organizational factors for best performance. This can really only be realized with considerable improvement in information infrastructure, which has miles to go.  Why should this be?  Because for generations of IT support systems, they are historically focused on billing and have made insignificant inroads into the front-end needs of the clinical staff.

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UC Berkeley Researchers Propose “Neural Dust” Brain-Computer Interface

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

 

See on Scoop.it – Cardiovascular and vascular imaging

Advances in brain imaging and neural activity detection technologies, such as fMRI and EEG, have allowed us to learn much about the brain over the years, and neural implants have offered the ability to stimulate and all but control activity in certain parts of the brain. However, these brain-computer interfaces are limited in that they offer finite resolution, are hard to apply to many brain regions, and usually can only stay directly connected to the brain for a short period of time due to their invasiveness.

 

Engineers at the University of California, Berkeley, have proposed an ultra-small, ultrasound-based neural recording system that they call “neural dust”. Neural dust consists of thousands of sensors that are 10-100 micrometers in size containing CMOS circuits and sensors to detect and report local extracellular electrophysiological data. The neural dust is powered by ultrasonic waves via a transducer that is implanted just below the dura. The sub-dural unit also interrogates the neural dust and sends information to another receiver outside the body.

 

If neural dust becomes a reality, it could give us a much higher resolution look at what is going on inside the brain, as it will be able to record from thousands of sites within the brain, in contrast to the hundreds of channels that current technology allows. Moreover, because these tiny sensors are literally the size of dust particles, they could cause far less damage to the surrounding brain tissue and could stay embedded in the brain for long periods of time.

 

Journal article: arXiv: Neural Dust: An Ultrasonic, Low Power Solution for Chronic Brain-Machine Interfaces

See on www.medgadget.com

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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Genotype as a Potential Genetic Marker

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Genotype as a Potential Genetic Marker for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Tyler Duellman, BS, Christopher L. Warren, PhD, Peggy Peissig, PhD, Martha Wynn, MD and Jay Yang, MD, PhD

Author Affiliations

From the Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program (T.D., J.Y.) and Department of Anesthesiology (M.W., J.Y.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; Illumavista Biosciences LLC, Madison, WI (C.L.W.); and Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Marshfield Clinics Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI (P.P.).

Correspondence to Jay Yang, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin SMPH, SMI 301, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706. E-mailJyang75@wisc.edu

Abstract

Background—Degradation of extracellular matrix support in the large abdominal arteries contribute to abnormal dilation of aorta, leading to abdominal aortic aneurysms, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is the predominant enzyme targeting elastin and collagen present in the walls of the abdominal aorta. Previous studies have suggested a potential association between MMP-9 genotype and abdominal aortic aneurysm, but these studies have been limited only to the p-1562 and (CA) dinucleotide repeat microsatellite polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MMP-9 gene. We determined the functional alterations caused by 15 MMP-9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported to be relatively abundant in the human genome through Western blots, gelatinase, and promoter–reporter assays and incorporated this information to perform a logistic-regression analysis of MMP-9 SNPs in 336 human abdominal aortic aneurysm cases and controls.

Methods and Results—Significant functional alterations were observed for 6 exon SNPs and 4 promoter SNPs. Genotype analysis of frequency-matched (age, sex, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking) cases and controls revealed significant genetic heterogeneity exceeding 20% observed for 6 SNPs in our population of mostly white subjects from Northern Wisconsin. A step-wise logistic-regression analysis with 6 functional SNPs, where weakly contributing confounds were eliminated using Akaike information criteria, gave a final 2 SNP (D165N and p-2502) model with an overall odds ratio of 2.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.06–5.70).

Conclusions—The combined approach of direct experimental confirmation of the functional alterations of MMP-9 SNPs and logistic-regression analysis revealed significant association between MMP-9 genotype and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

SOURCE:

Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics.2012; 5: 529-537

Published online before print August 31, 2012,

doi: 10.1161/ CIRCGENETICS.112.963082

 

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Resuscitation From Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Common Variation in Fatty Acid Genes

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Common Variation in Fatty Acid Genes and Resuscitation From Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Catherine O. Johnson, PhD, MPH, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, PhD, MPH, Carol E. Fahrenbruch, MSPH, Stephanie Hesselson, PhD, Nona Sotoodehnia, MD, MPH,Barbara McKnight, PhD, Kenneth M. Rice, PhD, Pui-Yan Kwok, MD, PhD, David S. Siscovick, MD, MPH and Thomas D. Rea, MD, MPH

Author Affiliations

From the Departments of Medicine (C.O.J., R.N.L., N.S., D.S.S., T.D.R.), Biostatistics (B.M., K.M.R.), and Epidemiology (D.S.S), University of Washington, Seattle; King County Emergency Medical Services, Seattle, WA (C.E.F.); and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco (S.H., P.-Y.K.).

Correspondence to Catherine O. Johnson, PhD, MPH, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, CHRU 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98101. E-mail johnsoco@uw.edu

Abstract

Background—Fatty acids provide energy and structural substrates for the heart and brain and may influence resuscitation from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). We investigated whether genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism pathways was associated with SCA survival.

Methods and Results—Subjects (mean age, 67 years; 80% male, white) were out-of-hospital SCA patients found in ventricular fibrillation in King County, WA. We compared subjects who survived to hospital admission (n=664) with those who did not (n=689), and subjects who survived to hospital discharge (n=334) with those who did not (n=1019). Associations between survival and genetic variants were assessed using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, location, time to arrival of paramedics, whether the event was witnessed, and receipt of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Within-gene permutation tests were used to correct for multiple comparisons. Variants in 5 genes were significantly associated with SCA survival. After correction for multiple comparisons, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ACSL1 and ACSL3 were significantly associated with survival to hospital admission. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ACSL3, AGPAT3, MLYCD, and SLC27A6 were significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge.

Conclusions—Our findings indicate that variants in genes important in fatty acid metabolism are associated with SCA survival in this population.

SOURCE:

Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics.2012; 5: 422-429

Published online before print June 1, 2012

doi: 10.1161/ CIRCGENETICS.111.961912

 

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Physiologist, Professor Lichtstein, Chair in Heart Studies at The Hebrew University elected Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Professor David Lichtstein Elected Dean of Hebrew University’s Faculty of Medicine

December 2, 2013

Jerusalem — Professor David Lichtstein has been elected dean of the Faculty of Medicine at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Professor Lichtstein is the Walter & Greta Stiel Chair in Heart Studies at The Hebrew University. He replaces Professor Eran Leitersdorf, who recently completed his four-year term as dean.

According to Professor Lichtstein, “The Hebrew University’s Faculty of Medicine is devoted to creating innovative teaching, research and patient care programs that will meet the demands of 21st century health care. As global health care moves towaProfessor David Lichtsteinrd prevention, wellness and cost effectiveness, we are adapting how we train the next generation of physicians, nurses, pharmacists and biomedical researchers. Through fruitful collaborations between preclinical and clinical faculty, we are also translating basic biomedical insights into clinical treatments. Thus, the Faculty of Medicine is well-positioned to maintain its leading role in the scientific community of Israel and the world.”

Professor Lichtstein was born in Lodz, Poland, and immigrated to Israel with his family in 1957. As a student at The Hebrew University, he completed a Bachelor’s degree in Physiology and Zoology in 1970, followed by a Master’s degree in Physiology in 1972 and a Ph.D. in Physiology in 1977. He joined the Department of Physiology of The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School in 1980 as a lecturer, and received full professorship in 1994. Prof. Lichtstein has held many roles at The Hebrew University and its Faculty of Medicine, including Chairman of the Neurobiology Teaching Division, Chairman of the Department of Physiology, Chairman of the Institute for Medical Sciences and, until recently, Chairman of the Faculty of Medicine. From 2007 to 2011, Professor Lichtstein was the Jacob Gitlin Chair in Physiology at The Hebrew University. In 2011 he was named the Walter & Greta Stiel Chair in Heart Studies at The Hebrew University. He also served as the President of the Israel Society for Physiology and Pharmacology from 1996 to 1999.

From 1977-1979 Professor Lichtstein was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology in New Jersey. He was a visiting scientist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1985-1986) and the Eye Institute (1997-1998) at the National Institutes of Health in Maryland, and a visiting professor at the Toledo School of Medicine in Ohio (2007).

Professor. Lichtstein’s main research focus is the regulation of ion transport across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. His work led to the discovery that specific steroids that were known to be present in plants and amphibians are actually normal constituents of the human body and have crucial roles, such as the regulation of cell viability, heart contractility, blood pressure and brain function. His research has implications for the fundamental understanding of body functions, as well as for several pathological states such as heart failure, hypertension and neurological and psychiatric diseases.

SOURCE

http://www.afhu.org/professor-david-lichtstein-elected-dean-hebrew-universitys-faculty-medicine

Field of Study

Regulation of ion transport across the plasma membrane:
The primary focus of the research in my laboratory is the regulation of ion transport across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. In particular, we study the main transport system for sodium and potassium, the sodium-potassium-ATPase, and its regulation by cardiac steroids.
Specific areas of interest:
Identification of endogenous cardiac steroids in mammalian tissue; The biological consequences of the interaction of cardiac steroids with the sodium-potassium-ATPase; Biosynthesis of the cardiac steroids in the adrenal gland; Effects of endogenous sodium-potassium-ATPase inhibitors on cell differentiation; Determination of the levels of endogenous sodium-potassium-ATPase inhibitors in pathological states, including hypertension, preeclampsia; malignancies (cancer) and manic depressive illnesses; Involvement of the sodium-potassium–ATPase/cardiac steroids system in depressive disorders; Involvement of the sodium-potassium-ATPase/cardiac steroids system in cardiac function; Involvement of intestinal signals in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis; Volume regulation and its involvement in the mitogenic response.
Cardiac Steroids and the Na+, K+-ATPase and Cardiac Steroids
Cardiac steroids, such as ouabain, digoxin and bufalin are hormones synthesized by and released from the adrenal gland and the hypothalamus. These compounds, the structure of which resembles that of plant and amphibian and butterfly steroids, interact only with the plasma membrane Na+, K+-ATPase (Figure 1). This interaction elicits numerous specific biological responses affecting the function of cells and organs.
Topics Currently under investigation include
Cardiac Steroids
  • Ouabain
  • Bufalin
  • Dogoxin
Involvement of the sodium-potassium–ATPase/cardiac steroids system in depressive disorders
Depressive disorders, including major depression, dysthymia and bipolar disorder, are a serious and devastating group of diseases that have a major impact on the patients’ quality of life, and pose a significant concern for public health. The etiology of depressive disorders remains unclear. The Monoaminergic Hypothesis, suggesting that alterations in monoamine metabolism in the brain are responsible for the etiology of depressive disorders, is now recognized as insufficient to explain by itself the complex etiology of these diseases. Data from our and other laboratories has provided initial evidence that endogenous cardiac steroids and their only established receptor, the Na+, K+-ATPase, are involved in the mechanism underlining depressive disorders, and BD in particular. Our study (Biol. Psychiatry. 60:491-499, 2006) has proven that Na+, K+-ATPase and DLC are involved in depressive disorders particularly in manic-depression. We have also shown that specific genetic alterations in the Na+, K+-ATPase α isoforms are associated with bipolar disorders (Biol. Psychiatry, 65:985-991, 2009). Our recent study in this project (Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 22:72-729, 2012) showed that drugs affecting the Na+, K+-ATPase/cardiac steroids system are beneficial for the treatment of depression. Hence our work is in accordance to the proposition that mal functioning of the Na+, K+-ATPase/cardiac steroids system may be involved in manifestation of depressive disorders and identify new compounds as potential drug for the treatment of these maladies.
Involvement of the sodium-potassium-ATPase/cardiac steroids system in cardiac function
The classical and best documented effect of cardiac steroids, as their name implies, is to increase the force of contraction of heart muscle. Indeed, cardiac steroids were widely used in Western and Eastern clinical practices for the treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Despite extensive research, the mechanism underlying cardiac steroids actions have not been fully elucidated. The dogmatic explanation for cardiac steroids-induced increase in heart contractility is that the inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase by the steroids causes an increase in intracellular Na+ which, in turn, attenuates the Na+/Ca++ exchange, resulting in an increased intracellular Ca++ concentration, and hence greater contractility. However, recent observations led to the hypothesis that the ability of cardiac steroids to modulate a number of intracellular signaling processes may be responsible for both short- and long-term changes in CS action on cardiac function. We are addressing this hypothesis using the zebrafish model and our ability to quantify heart function in-vivo. Heart contractility measurements were performed using a series of software tools for the analysis of high-speed video microscopic images, allowing the determination of ventricular heart diameter and perimeter during both diastole and systole. The ejection fraction (EF) and fractional area changes (FAC) were calculated from these measurements, providing two independent parameters of heart contractility (see attached movie bellow). We are currently testing the effect of cardiac steroids in the presence and absence of intracellular signaling pathways (MAP, AKT, IP3R) inhibitors. Reduction in the steroids ability to increase the force of contraction will serve as the first evidence, in-vivo, for the participation of the signaling processes in the molecular mechanisms responsible for the action of cardiac steroids on heart muscle.
Laboratory Techniques
We employ a broad range of preparations and techniques. These include isolated organs (arterial rings, smooth and cardiac muscle strips) and isolated nerve endings, as well as primary and established tissue-cultured cells. Our studies involve the application of biochemical and immunological techniques (transport and enzymatic activity measurements, RIA, ELISA), molecular biological techniques (e.g., Western and Northern blotting, and PCR), protein purification (HPLC), cellular techniques muscle contractility, cell proliferation and differentiation’ in-vivo measurements of heart contractility and blood flow in Zebrafish and behavior measurements in rodents.

Biography

Education
1970
B.Sc. in Physiology and Zoology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
1970-1972 M.Sc. in Physiology, Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
1973-1977
Ph.D., Department of Physiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. (Thesis: “Increased Production of Gamma Aminobutyryl choline in Cerebral Cortex Caused by Afferent Electrical Stimulation” (Thesis Advisors: Prof. J. Dobkin and Prof. J. Magnes).
1977-1979
Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Positions held

1970-1972
Teaching and Research Assistant, Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
1972-1974 Assistant Instructor, Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
1975-1977 Instructor, Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
1977-1979
Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, New Jersey, U.S.A.
1979-1983
Lecturer, (REVSON fellowship) Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
1981 (summer)
Visiting Scientist, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
1983-1987 Senior Lecturer, Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
1985-1986
Visiting Scientist, Laboratory of Theoretical and Physical Biology, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
1988-1994 Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
1994-present Professor of Physiology, Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
1997-1998 Visiting Scientist, Laboratory of Mechanisms of Ocular Diseases, NEI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
2007 (summer)
Visiting Professor, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Metabolism and cardiovascular Sciences, Medical Center University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
2007-2011 Jacob Gitlin Chair in Physiology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
​2011-present ​Walter & Greta Stiel Chair in Heart Studies, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
Professional Membership
1979-present International Society of Neurochemistry
1979-present Israel Society for Physiological and Pharmacological
1980-present Society of Neurosciences (Europe)
1986-present The American Society of Hypertension
1992-present Israeli Society for Neurosciences
1999-present The American Physiological Society
Editorial Tasks
Serving as a Reviewer for the scientific journals:
• American Journal of Hypertension • Journal of Neural Transmission
• American Journal of Physiology • Journal of Neurochemistry
• Apoptosis • Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
• Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications • Life Sciences
• Basic Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology • NANO
• Brain Research • Neurochemistry International
• Bioconjugate Chemistry • Neuroscience
• Cell Calcium • Neurotoxicity Research
• Clinical Science • Pathophysiology
• Endocrinology • Physiology and Behavior
• European Neuropsychopharmacology • PNAS
• General and Comparative Endocrinology • Psychiatry Research
• Hypertension • Translational Research
• Journal of Cell Sciences
University and Other Activities
1982-1985 Chairman of the Neurobiology Teaching Division, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
1988-1994 Elected representative of the Senior Lecturers and Associate Professors for the University Senate
1989-1997 Member of the admission committee of the Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
1990-1996 Member of the Committee for cellular biology of the graduate studies, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
1992-1996 Member of the Teaching Committee, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
1992-1996
Chairman, Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem
1994-1997 Member of the Committee for graduate studies, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
1992-2002
Member of the Management Committee of The Institute for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
1996-1999
President of the Israel Society for Physiology and Pharmacology
1998- 2002 Chairman, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem
1999-2002 Member of the Planning and Development Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
2007–Present Elected representative of the Professors for the executive University Senate
2008-2012 Member of the Planning and Development Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
2008-2012 Chairman, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem
2009 – Present Elected member of the Senate to the Executive Committee of the Hebrew University

PUBLICATIONS 2006 – 2012

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Dvela, M., Rosen, H., Ben-Ami, H. C., Lichtstein, D.
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 302(2), C442-52, 2012
Goldstein, I., Lax, E., Gispan-Herman, I., Ovadia, H., Rosen, H., Yadid, G., Lichtstein, D.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 22(1), 72-9, 2012
Nesher, M., Shpolansky, U., Viola, N., Dvela, M., Buzaglo, N., Cohen Ben-Ami, H., Rosen, H., Lichtstein, D.
British journal of pharmacology, 160(2), 346-54, 2010
Guttmann-Rubinstein, L., Lichtstein, D., Ilani, A., Gal-Moscovici, A., Scherzer, P., Rubinger, D.
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 42(4), 230-6, 2010
Jaiswal, M. K., Dvela, M., Lichtstein, D., Mallick, B. N.
Journal of sleep research, 19(1 Pt 2), 183-91, 2010
Nesher, M., Dvela, M., Igbokwe, V. U., Rosen, H., Lichtstein, D.
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 297(6), H2026-34, 2009
Goldstein, I., Lerer, E., Laiba, E., Mallet, J., Mujaheed, M., Laurent, C., Rosen, H., Ebstein, R. P., Lichtstein, D.
Biological psychiatry, 65(11), 985-91, 2009
Nesher, M., Vachutinsky, Y., Fridkin, G., Schwarz, Y., Sasson, K., Fridkin, M., Shechter, Y., Lichtstein, D.
Bioconjugate chemistry, 19(1), 342-8, 2008
Dvela, M., Rosen, H., Feldmann, T., Nesher, M., Lichtstein, D.
Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology / ISP, 14(3-4), 159-66, 2007
Feldmann, T., Glukmann, V., Medvenev, E., Shpolansky, U., Galili, D., Lichtstein, D., Rosen, H.
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 293(3), C885-96, 2007
Chirinos, J. A., Corrales-Medina, V. F., Garcia, S., Lichtstein, D. M., Bisno, A. L., Chakko, S.
Clinical rheumatology, 26(4), 590-5, 2007
Lichtstein, D. M., Arteaga, R. B.
The American journal of the medical sciences, 332(2), 103-5, 2006
Morla, D., Alazemi, S., Lichtstein, D.
Journal of general internal medicine, 21(7), C11-3, 2006
Chirinos, J. A., Corrales, V. F., Lichtstein, D. M.
Clinical rheumatology, 25(1), 111-2, 2006
Deutsch, J., Jang, H. G., Mansur, N., Ilovich, O., Shpolansky, U., Galili, D., Feldman, T., Rosen, H., Lichtstein, D.
Journal of medicinal chemistry, 49(2), 600-6, 2006
Goldstein, I., Levy, T., Galili, D., Ovadia, H., Yirmiya, R., Rosen, H., Lichtstein, D.
Biological psychiatry, 60(5), 491-9, 2006
Chirinos, J. A., Garcia, J., Alcaide, M. L., Toledo, G., Baracco, G. J., Lichtstein, D. M.
American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 6(1), 9-14, 2006
Rosen, H., Glukmann, V., Feldmann, T., Fridman, E., Lichtstein, D.
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 52(8), 78-86, 2006

SOURCE

https://medicine.ekmd.huji.ac.il/En/Publications/publications/Pages/default.aspx?aut=Lichtstein,%20D

 

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St. Jude’s CEO is still betting on EnligHTN IV Study Renal Denervation System, despite Medtronic’s setback related to SYMPLICITY Phase IV

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Article ID #92: St. Jude’s CEO is still betting on EnligHTN IV Study Renal Denervation System, despite Medtronic’s setback related to SYMPLICITY Phase IV. Published on 12/10/2013

WordCloud Image Produced by Adam Tubman

UPDATED on 1/14/2014

This is in continuation to our 1/9/2014 article:

Market Impact on Global Suppliers of Renal Denervation Systems by Pivotal US Trial: Metronics’ Symplicity Renal Denervation System FAILURE at Efficacy Endpoint

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/01/09/market-impact-on-global-suppliers-of-renal-denervation-systems-by-pivotal-us-trial-metronics-symplicity-renal-denervation-system-failure-at-efficacy-endpoint/

In the short term, the company, St. Jude suspended enrollment in three other related trials and announced plans to gather an independent panel of experts to plot a future course. 

St. Jude Medical won a CE mark for its next-gen EnligHTN IV renal denervation system over the summer, but halted its own U.S. trial in December. Minnesota-based St. Jude said it had struggled to recruit viable candidates for the 590-patient trial, and was concerned that Medtronic’s Symplicity might siphon off viable patients needed for its own study. At the time, St. Jude said it would work to develop a new protocol to address trial enrollment challenges.

According to Mark Hollmer:

Symplicity’s setbacks may make that job much easier for St. Jude. They also create new opportunities for other rivals focused on developing similar technology, such as Boston Scientific ($BSX) and Covidien ($COV).

Curator of this article has expressed a different view in 

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/01/09/market-impact-on-global-suppliers-of-renal-denervation-systems-by-pivotal-us-trial-metronics-symplicity-renal-denervation-system-failure-at-efficacy-endpoint/

St. Jude’s CEO is still betting on renal denervation, despite Medtronic’s setback

By Mark Hollmer

Medtronic’s Symplicity renal denervation device

If Medtronic’s ($MDT) recent U.S. clinical trial failure for its Symplicity renal denervation device throws the door wide open for its competitors, St. Jude Medical ($STJ) will likely waste no time walking through.

As MassDevice reported, St. Jude CEO Daniel Starks told an audience at the JPMorgan Healthcare conference in San Francisco that the company plans to keep plowing ahead with the development of its own technology.

“The fact that we had and that there have been favorable early clinical results in numerous other experiences is still valid,” MassDevice quoted Starks as saying. “There is open surgical data dating back several decades that was favorable to the impact of surgical renal denervation to treat hypertension.

That said, he also expressed genuine surprise about Medtronic’s trial setback.

“This was unexpected for us, to have a negative result from Medtronic’s trial, and it’s too soon for us to know what to make of that,” Starks said in the story.

Medtronic’s Symplicity device, which has a CE mark and is a market leader, had done well in previous trials in patients with different forms of hypertension and was on track to win FDA approval in 2015–potentially the first renal denervation device to reach that point.

The Minnesota device giant announced a few days ago that Symplicity proved safe in a 535-patient trial but failed to significantly lower blood pressure for drug-resistant hypertension.

This was a trial that mattered, designed to help fuel FDA approval.

Related Articles:

Medtronic’s flunked trial throws its hypertension program into doubt

St. Jude Medical will try again another day for a U.S. renal denervation study

St. Jude bags EU approval for next-gen renal denervation

 SOURCE

From: FierceMedicalDevices <editors@fiercemedicaldevices.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2014 18:14:06 +0000 (GMT)
To: <avivalev-ari@alum.berkeley.edu>

Renal Denervation: EnligHTN IV Study Called Off and Potential Novel Indications – Diastolic Heart Failure

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

This Open Access Scientific Journal has covered all the major developments reported on Renal Denervation since its inception

The Archive for Renal denervation

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/category/cardiac-and-cardiovascular-surgical-procedures/renal-denervation/

Search Results for Renal Denervation

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/?s=Renal+denervation

Heartwire Reported on December 09, 2013

EnligHTN IV Renal Denervation Study Called Off

ST PAUL, MN – The EnligHTN IV study (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN), testing the multielectrode renal-denervation system in patients with resistant hypertension, has been stopped almost before it even began. The trial, which was announced in June and began enrolling a small number of patients this fall, was canceled because of concerns about slow enrollment.

To heartwire ,

Denise Perkins-Landry, a spokesperson for St Jude Medical, said the decision to discontinue the study was based on “anticipated recruitment challenges” and is not the result of any safety or efficacy issues with the device. “A US clinical trial for EnligHTN remains a very high priority for St Jude Medical, and we will be working with the FDA to develop a new protocol that will address anticipated enrollment challenges,” she stated in an email.

The full results of the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial, a study similar to the EnligHTN IV study, which is sponsored by Medtronic (Minneapolis, MN), are expected in early 2014. While neither device is approved for clinical use in the US, it is expected that the Medtronic renal-denervation system will be first. As a result, it might be difficult to enroll patients to a sham procedure if there is another commercially available system for treating resistant hypertension, according to St Jude.

EnligHTN IV was to be a randomized, single-blind, controlled study with patients randomized from as many as 80 clinical centers in the US and Canada. It was intended to show the safety and effectiveness of the renal-denervation system in the reduction of systolic blood pressure in 590 patients with an office blood pressure >160 mm Hg despite taking three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic.

Abrupt Decision to Stop the Study

Dr William White (University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington), one of the cochairs of the EnligHTN IV steering committee, told heartwire the decision to cancel the study was made just last week. In fact, there were clinical centers already up and running in terms of enrollment, although these were pilot centers where any “bugs could be worked out.” The meeting for training investigators participating in the trial was scheduled for Saturday in Chicago, IL, although that is now off.

“In the grander scheme of things, I can tell you that the decision was not made because of any problem with the catheter or any safety issues,” said White. “Outside the US, the development is continuing as planned, but the biggest concern is that it might be very difficult, if not impossible, to continue doing a sham-controlled study a year from now if there were a commercially available renal-denervation catheter in the US, which there very well could be with Medtronic.”

Still, White said that it’s not even known if the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 study is positive or if the FDA will be satisfied with the trial and its outcomes. He said a lot of assumptions are being made by St Jude Medical in stopping the trial, and it could turn out to be a bad decision. In addition, reimbursement remains an open question.

“Commercially available doesn’t mean there’s going to be a payer,” White told heartwire . “If that happens, it will be doubly unfortunate for the patients that are out there because they might be willing and able to go into a clinical trial but they won’t have that opportunity.”

As a scientist, White said that he would have preferred the trial be pursued, regardless of what happens with Medtronic. He believes the EnligHTN catheter is “outstanding,” as it has multiple electrodes to enable physicians to thoroughly ablate the renal arteries within a couple of minutes. “The clinical scientist in me would have preferred that we go ahead as planned,” he said. “I think we would have gained a great deal of knowledge. And just because one study shows a p value of 0.05 doesn’t mean a second study will.”

The Medtronic SYMPLICITY renal-denervation system was launched in 2010 and is available in parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. The first-generation EnligHTN device has had CE Mark approval in Europe since 2012 while the updated second-generation system with multiple electrodes received European approval this past summer.

News of the halting of EnligHTN IV was first reported by Wells Fargo analyst Larry Biegelsen.

SOURCE

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/817482?nlid=41903_2105&src=wnl_edit_medp_card&uac=93761AJ&spon=2

On December 06, 2013 Marlene Busko reported to Heartwire on

Renal Denervation’s Structural, Functional Heart Benefits May Be Independent of BP

HAMBURG, GERMANY — In a small study of patients undergoing renal denervation for resistant hypertension, left-ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic function improved independently of changes in blood pressure and heart rate [1].

“The novelty of our findings is the independence of morphologic improvements [regression of LV hypertrophy] from hemodynamic changes (reduction of blood pressure and heart rate),” Dr Stephan H Schirmer (University of Saarland, Hamburg, Germany) told heartwire in an email. “If this is confirmed in larger trials, it might open up novel indications for the use of renal denervation, for example, in [diastolic] heart-failure patients, independent of blood pressure.”

Dr Deepak L Bhatt (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) told heartwire that the study observations are “provocative” and “exciting” but stressed that they need to be confirmed in a blinded, larger, multicenter study before they could be accepted into clinical practice. Bhatt and Dr George Bakris (University of Chicago, IL) are co–principal investigators for the ongoing SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial of bilateral renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.

The study was published online December 4, 2013 in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Are Renal Denervation Effects Always Tied to BP Change?

Renal denervation reduces heart rate and blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, and as reported by heartwire , a recent small study suggested that the procedure also reduces left-ventricular mass and improves diastolic function in such patients, Schirmer and colleagues write.

They hypothesized that renal denervation might affect cardiac structure and function, independent of the effect on blood pressure.

They enrolled 66 consecutive patients who underwent renal denervation using the Flex catheter system (Medtronic) at their center during 2010 and 2011 for treatment of resistant hypertension (office systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg). Patients had a mean age of 64 years, and 55% were men. They were on a mean of 4.3 antihypertensive drugs. All were taking a diuretic, 89% were taking a beta-blocker, and 55% were taking an angiotensin-receptor blocker.

Six months after renal denervation,

  • Mean blood pressure decreased from 172.9/92.5 to 151.3/85.5 mm Hg, confirmed by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, if available (n=50).
  • Mean heart rate decreased from 67.7 to 60.5 bpm.
  • Mean left-ventricular mass index decreased from 61.5 to 53.4 g/m2.
  • Measures of diastolic function also improved.

The changes in cardiac function and ventricular size were not tied to the magnitude of the blood-pressure reduction, which “suggest[s] a direct effect of the sympathetic nervous system on myocardial morphology and function,” Schirmer and colleagues write. They call for further research to investigate functional cardiovascular benefits of renal denervation beyond blood-pressure reduction.

Promising Early Benefit, Needs Confirmation

In an accompanying editorial [2], Bakris and Dr Sandeep Nathan (University of Chicago) commend Schirmer and colleagues “for providing promising early benefit of catheter-based renal denervation and for highlighting a possible blood-pressure–independent facet of this technique.” However, they caution that although the findings are “intriguing,” the study’s limitations include that it was

  • relatively small,
  • conducted at a single center,
  • lacked a sham control, and
  • relied on echocardiography rather than magnetic resonance imaging.

Therefore, “these observations need confirmation before acceptance in clinical practice . . . and can only be applied to those with inclusion criteria used in their study,” the editorialists conclude.

“It’s an exciting, provocative result, and there’s a good chance that it will stand the test of time, but I still think in general, it’s best to be cautious about new technologies and relatively small studies, because time typically shows that they provide an overestimate of what the true effects will be,” Bhatt commented when interviewed.

“Whether the reduction in left-ventricular mass is beyond what would be anticipated with blood-pressure and heart-rate reduction—certainly this analysis suggests that is a possibility—needs to be confirmed in larger studies,” he added, echoing the authors and editorialists.

Potentially referring physicians, in the United States where the procedure is investigational, and even in Europe where it’s approved, appear to be waiting for the results of SYMPLICITY HTN-3, Bhatt said. This blinded, randomized, multicenter trial will provide a clearer picture of what sort of blood-pressure reductions are achievable in patients with resistant hypertension who undergo renal denervation. Results are expected by mid-2014.

References

  1. Schirmer SH, Sayed M, Reil J-C, et al. Improvements of left-ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic function following renal denervation – Effects beyond blood pressure and heart rate reduction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.10.073. Abstract
  2. Bakris G, Nathan S. Renal denervation and left ventricular mass regression: A benefit beyond blood pressure reduction? J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.015. Editorial

SOURCE

This Open Access Scientific Journal has covered all the major developments reported on Renal Denervation since its inception

The Archive for Renal denervation

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/category/cardiac-and-cardiovascular-surgical-procedures/renal-denervation/

Search Results for Renal Denervation

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/?s=Renal+denervation

For the ORIGINAL work on 

Renal Sympathetic Denervation: Updates on the State of Medicine

the Readers is called to go to the ORIGINAL SOURCES listed below:

Intravascular Stimulation of Autonomics: A Letter from Dr. Michael Scherlag

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/09/02/intravascular-stimulation-of-autonomics-a-letter-from-dr-michael-scherlag/

Imbalance of Autonomic Tone: The Promise of Intravascular Stimulation of Autonomics

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/09/02/imbalance-of-autonomic-tone-the-promise-of-intravascular-stimulation-of-autonomics/

Interaction of Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin in Vascular Endothelium

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/09/14/interaction-of-nitric-oxide-and-prostacyclin-in-vascular-endothelium/

Absorb™ Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold: An International Launch by Abbott Laboratories

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/09/29/absorb-bioresorbable-vascular-scaffold-an-international-launch-by-abbott-laboratories/

The Molecular Biology of Renal Disorders: Nitric Oxide – Part III

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/11/26/the-molecular-biology-of-renal-disorders/

Treatment of Refractory Hypertension via Percutaneous Renal Denervation

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/06/13/treatment-of-refractory-hypertension-via-percutaneous-renal-denervation/

Renal Denervation Technology of Vessix Vascular, Inc. been acquired by Boston Scientific Corporation (BSX) to pay up to $425 Million

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/11/08/renal-denervation-technology-of-vessix-vascular-inc-been-acquired-by-boston-scientific-corporation-bsx-to-pay-up-to-425-million/

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