WordCloud Visualization of LPBI’s Top Sixteen Articles on CANCER in eight categories and by Views at All Time and their Research Categories in the Ontology of PharmaceuticalIntelligence.com
Curator: Stephen J. Williams, PhD and WordCloud Producers: Daniel Menzin, Noam Steiner-Tomer, Zach Day, Ofer Markman, PhD and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Introduction (From Cancer Volume 1): Cancer is the second most cause of medically related deaths in the developed world. However, concerted efforts among most developed nations to eradicate the disease, such as increased government funding for cancer research and a mandated ‘war on cancer’ in the mid 70’s has translated into remarkable improvements in diagnosis, early detection, and cancer survival rates for many individual cancer. For example, survival rate for breast and colon cancer have improved dramatically over the last 40 years. In the UK, overall median survival times have improved from one year in 1972 to 5.8 years for patients diagnosed in 2007. In the US, the overall 5 year survival improved from 50% for all adult cancers and 62% for childhood cancer in 1972 to 68% and childhood cancer rate improved to 82% in 2007. However, for some cancers, including lung, brain, pancreatic and ovarian cancer, there has been little improvement in survival rates since the “war on cancer” has started.
Many of the improvements in survival rates are a direct result of the massive increase in the knowledge of tumor biology obtained through ardent basic research. Breakthrough discoveries regarding oncogenes, cancer cell signaling, survival, and regulated death mechanisms, tumor immunology, genetics and molecular biology, biomarker research, and now nanotechnology and imaging, have directly led to the advances we now we in early detection, chemotherapy, personalized medicine, as well as new therapeutic modalities such as cancer vaccines and immunotherapies and combination chemotherapies. Molecular and personalized therapies such as trastuzumab and aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer, imatnib for CML and GIST related tumors, bevacizumab for advanced colorectal cancer have been a direct result of molecular discoveries into the nature of cancer.
Purpose: To Curate a listing of articles in CANCER representative of the Agora of the LPBI Journal for the purpose of generating WordClouds for eventual Natural Language Processing.
Methods:
For a full description of methodology please contact the LPBI Group at avivalev-ari@alum.berkeley.edu , LinkedIn, or through Twitter @pharma_BI.
Methods in Brief:
A listing of all Cancer articles which had been viewed at least 131 times was generated. They could either be authored, curated, written, or reported articles. The initial list was generated by Daniel, Chief Technology Officer. This listing was generated as an Excel worksheet. (A Total of 1555 articles had views of at least 133 total all time views of which 352 were explicitly on Cancer. Each article was read and verified for cancer-related content).
Each Cancer article was then categorized according to the STYLE in which it was written as follows
-
- Authored; requires original thought, ideas, and multiple references; has a methodology
- Curated; multiple disparate sources connected by a theme generated by the curator
- Written: as a writer; only one or two references but having some input into content
- Reported: an article which only reports on a topic or event; usually a new report or press announcement
After categorizing the STYLE, the AUTHORED, CURATED, AND WRITTEN articles (263 articles) were further sub-categorized based on the following subject material categories:
-
- Therapeutic
- Diagnosis
- Imaging
- Mechanisms of tumorigenesis
- Genomics
- Resistance and Adverse Events
- Patient Care and Personalized Care
- Cancer Models and Research
Each article author or curated was also recorded in the Excel spreadsheet. A mind map of each of the major authors and curators on the topic of Cancer was generated by curating common themes in the articles as well as opinion pieces written by each of the main editors of the Cancer Volumes (I and II). The mind-map guided the further selection of 16 articles which were representative of the above sub-categories and reflective of the editor(s) theory of cancer etiology and vision of paradigm changes within the field. WordClouds were generated from these listing of 16 representative articles of the Agora of Cancer offerings within the LPBI database.
INTERNS PLEASE PUT SOME METHODOLOGY ON HOW YOU GENERATED THE WORDCLOUD
Results:
Article Selection and Categorization
Of the 352 CANCER articles, there were 69 AUTHORED, 178 CURATED, 16 WRITTEN, and 89 REPORTED articles. Sub-categorization of the Authored, Curated, and Written articles yielded the following
-
- Therapeutic (69 articles)
- Diagnosis (36 articles)
- Imaging (16 articles)
- Mechanisms of tumorigenesis (40 articles)
- Genomics (69 articles)
- Resistance and Adverse Events (12 articles)
- Patient Care and Personalized Care (12 articles)
- Cancer Models and Research (12 articles)
This resulted in 263 article which were either authored, curated or written. These 263 articles were then used for further sub-selection based on the Mind Map generated (as described below).
Generation of a Mind Map of Editors of Cancer Volume 1 and 2
In the Vision of Dr. Larry H. Bernstein:
A multidisciplinary approach has led us to a unique multidisciplinary or systems view of cancer, with different fields of study offering their unique expertise, contributions, and viewpoints on the etiology of cancer. Diverse fields in immunology, biology, biochemistry, toxicology, molecular biology, virology, mathematics, social activism and policy, and engineering have made such important contributions to our understanding of cancer, that without cooperation among these diverse fields our knowledge of cancer would never had evolved as it has.
In the Vision of Dr. Stephen J. Williams
This ebook highlights some of the recent trends and discoveries in cancer research and cancer treatment, with particular attention how new technological and informatics advancements have ushered in paradigm shifts in how we think about, diagnose, and treat cancer. The book is organized with the 8 hallmarks of cancer in mind, concepts which are governing principles of cancer from Drs. Hanahan and Weinberg (Hallmarks of Cancer).
Maintaining Proliferative Signals
Avoiding Immune Destruction
Evading Growth Suppressors
Resisting Cell Death
Becoming Immortal
Angiogenesis
Deregulating Cellular Energy
Activating Invasion and Metastasis
Therefore the reader is asked to understand how each of these underlying principles are being translated to current breakthrough discoveries, in association with the basic biological knowledge we have amassed through diligent research and how these principals and latest research can be used by the next generation of cancer scientist and oncologist to provide the future breakthroughs. As the past basic research had provided a new platform for the era of genomics in oncology, it is up to this next generation of scientists and oncologists to provide the basic research for the next platform which will create the future breakthroughs to combat this still deadly disease.
In the Vision of Dr. Dror Nir
The concept of personalized medicine has been around for many years. Recent advances in cancer treatment choice, availability of treatment modalities, including “adaptable” drugs and the fact that patients’ awareness increases, put medical practitioners under pressure to better clinical assessment of this disease prior to treatment decision and quantitative reporting of treatment outcome. In practice, this translates into growing demand for accurate, noninvasive, nonuser-dependent probes for cancer detection and localization. The advent of medical-imaging technologies such as image-fusion, functional-imaging and noninvasive tissue characterisation is playing an imperative role in answering this demand thus transforming the concept of personalized medicine in cancer into practice. The leading modality in that respect is medical imaging. To date, the main imaging systems that can provide reasonable level of cancer detection and localization are: CT, mammography, Multi-Sequence MRI, PET/CT and ultrasound. All of these require skilled operators and experienced imaging interpreters in order to deliver what is required at a reasonable level. It is generally agreed by radiologists and oncologists that in order to provide a comprehensive work-flow that complies with the principles of personalized medicine, future cancer patients’ management will heavily rely on computerized image interpretation applications that will extract from images in a standardized manner measurable imaging biomarkers leading to better clinical assessment of cancer patients.
Using these VISIONS of CANCER a mind map was generated for each of these authors/editors. Mind maps consisted of a thematic sentence to describe their individual VISION of CANCER and a second sentence describing what each author/editor saw as greatest PARADIGM SHIFT in their respective sub-disciplines of cancer (basic and clinical). The MIND MAP is shown below:
Category | Article name | Intern Name |
Therapeutic (69 articles)
|
Targeting the Wnt Pathway [7.11]
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/04/10/targeting-the-wnt-pathway-7-11/ |
Noam |
Therapeutic (69 articles)
|
Warburg Effect and Mitochondrial Regulation- 2.1.3 | Daniel |
Therapeutic (69 articles)
|
Cancer Mutations Across the Landscape | Daniel |
Therapeutic (69 articles)
|
||
Diagnosis (36 articles)
|
Targeting Cancer Neoantigens and Metabolic Change in T-cells
|
Noam
|
Diagnosis (36 articles)
|
In Search of Clarity on Prostate Cancer Screening, Post-Surgical Followup, and Prediction of Long Term Remission
|
Daniel |
Diagnosis (36 articles)
|
|
|
Imaging (16 articles)
|
State of the art in oncologic imaging of Prostate
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/01/28/state-of-the-art-in-oncologic-imaging-of-prostate/
|
Noam |
Imaging (16 articles)
|
||
Mechanisms of tumorigenesis (40 articles)
|
Neuroblastoma: A review
https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/06/01/neuroblastoma-a-review/
|
Noam |
Mechanisms of tumorigenesis (40 articles)
|
Is the Warburg Effect the Cause or the Effect of Cancer: A 21st Century View? | Daniel |
Mechanisms of tumorigenesis (40 articles)
|
How Mobile Elements in “Junk DNA Promote Cancer – Part 1: Transposon-mediated Tumorigenesis” | Daniel |
Mechanisms of tumorigenesis (40 articles)
|
||
Genomics (69 articles)
|
Akt inhibition for cancer treatment, where do we stand today? | Daniel |
Genomics (69 articles)
|
Thymosin alpha1 and melanoma | Daniel |
Genomics (69 articles)
|
AMPK Is a Negative Regulator of the Warburg Effect and Suppresses Tumor Growth In Vivo | Daniel |
Genomics (69 articles)
|
Steroids, Inflammation, and CAR-T Therapy | Daniel |
Genomics (69 articles)
|
||
Resistance and Adverse Events (12 articles)
|
Predicting Tumor Response, Progression, and Time to Recurrence | Daniel |
Resistance and Adverse Events (12 articles)
|
||
Patient Care and Personalized Care (12 articles)
|
Harnessing Personalized Medicine for Cancer Management, Prospects of Prevention and Cure: Opinions of Cancer Scientific Leaders @ http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com | Aviva |
Patient Care and Personalized Care (12 articles)
|
||
Cancer Models and Research (12 articles)
|
Humanized Mice May Revolutionize Cancer Drug Discovery | Aviva |
Cancer Models and Research (12 articles)
|
||
Article Title (Live Link) | All Time Views | Categories of Research |
#1 Targeting the Wnt Pathway [7.11] |
3,233 | Academic Publishing, Biochemical pathways, Biological Networks, Cancer and Current Therapeutics, CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, Cell Biology, Curation, Disease Biology, Gastroenterology, Gene Regulation, Genetics & Innovations in Treatment, Liver & Digestive Diseases Research, Metabolism |
#1
Targeting the Wnt Pathway [7.11]
Article #1: Word Cloud by NT

#2
Warburg Effect and Mitochondrial Regulation- 2.1.3
Article #2: Word Cloud by DM
#3
Cancer Mutations Across the Landscape
Article #3: Word Cloud by DM
Article Title (Live Link) | All Time Views | Categories of Research |
#4 Targeting Cancer Neoantigens and Metabolic Change in T-cells |
~263 | Apoptosis, Autophagy, CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, Clinical & Translational, Curation, Immunology, Immunotherapy, Inflammasome |
#4
Targeting Cancer Neoantigens and Metabolic Change in T-cells
Article #4: Word Cloud by NT

#5
Article #5: Word Cloud by DM

#6
State of the art in oncologic imaging of Prostate
Article #6: Word Cloud by NT

#7
Article #7: Word Cloud by NT

#8
Is the Warburg Effect the Cause or the Effect of Cancer: A 21st Century View?
Article #8: Word Cloud by DM

#9
How Mobile Elements in “Junk DNA Promote Cancer – Part 1: Transposon-mediated Tumorigenesis”
Article #9: Word Cloud by DM

Article Title (Live Link) | All Time Views | Categories of Research |
#10 Akt inhibition for cancer treatment, where do we stand today? |
4,873 | CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, Cell Biology, Signaling & Cell Circuits |
#10
Akt inhibition for cancer treatment, where do we stand today?
Article #10: Word Cloud by DM

#11
Article #11: Word Cloud by DM

#12
AMPK Is a Negative Regulator of the Warburg Effect and Suppresses Tumor Growth In Vivo
Article #12: Word Cloud by DM

Article Title (Live Link) | All Time Views | Categories of Research |
#13 Steroids, Inflammation, and CAR-T Therapy] |
828 | Cancer and Current Therapeutics, CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, FDA, FDA Regulatory Affairs, Immuno-Oncology & Genomics, Innovation in Immunology Diagnostics, Lymphoma, Personal Health Applications: Tech Innovations serves HealhCare, Personalized and Precision Medicine & Genomic Research |
#13
Steroids, Inflammation, and CAR-T Therapy
Article #13: Word Cloud by DM
#14
Predicting Tumor Response, Progression, and Time to Recurrence
Article #14: Word Cloud by DM

Article Title (Live Link) | All Time Views | Categories of Research |
#15 Harnessing Personalized Medicine for Cancer Management, Prospects of Prevention and Cure: Opinions of Cancer Scientific Leaders @ http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com |
~216 | CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, Interviews with Scientific Leaders |
#15
Article #15: Word Cloud by ZD
Article Title (Live Link) | All Time Views | Categories of Research |
#16 Humanized Mice May Revolutionize Cancer Drug Discovery |
~341 | BioTechnology – Venture Creation, BioTechnology – Venture Creation, Venture Capital, Cancer and Current Therapeutics, CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, Monoclonal Immunotherapy, Patents, Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics |
#16
Humanized Mice May Revolutionize Cancer Drug Discovery
Article #16: Word Cloud by ZD
CATEGORIZATION OF THE UNIVERSE OF CANCER OFFERINGS IN THE AGORA OF LPBI
Purpose: To Curate a listing of articles in CANCER for the purpose of generating WordClouds for eventual Natural Language Processing
Initial Request: Aviva requested 12 articles in CANCER to be used to generate a WordCloud for AI machine learning
Problem: Only 12 article only represents less than 1% of all CANCER OFFERINGS by LPBI and would severely limit the ability to generate a meaningful WordCloud. Dr Williams then used a methodology to curate a meaningful list which could be repeated on extended offerings and subjects.
Solution: Dr. Williams generated a listing of all Cancer articles which had been viewed at least 131 times. They could either be authored, curated, written, or reported articles. The initial list was generated by Daniel, Chief Technology Officer. This listing was generated as an Excel worksheet. (A Total of 1555 articles had views of at least 133 total all time views of which 352 were explicitly on Cancer. Each article was read for content).
- Williams then categorized each article according to the STYLE in which it was written as follows
- Authored; requires original thought, ideas, and multiple references; has a methodology
- Curated; multiple disparate sources connected by a theme generated by the curator
- Written: as a writer; only one or two references but having some input into content
- Reported: an article which only reports on a topic or event; usually a new report or press announcement
Of the 352 CANCER articles, there were 69 AUTHORED, 178 CURATED, 16 WRITTEN, and 89 REPORTED articles
- Williams, after categorizing the STYLE, then categorized the AUTHORED, CURATED, AND WRITTEN articles (263 articles) based on the following subject material categories:
- Therapeutic (69 articles)
- Diagnosis (36 articles)
- Imaging (16 articles)
- Mechanisms of tumorigenesis (40 articles)
- Genomics (69 articles)
- Resistance and Adverse Events (12 articles)
- Patient Care and Personalized Care (12 articles)
- Cancer Models and Research (12 articles)
The following tables represent the articles in each sub-category
Therapeutic (69 articles)
Akt inhibition for cancer treatment, where do we stand today?
Crucial role of Nitric Oxide in Cancer
Targeting Mitochondrial-bound Hexokinase for Cancer Therapy
The Development of siRNA-Based Therapies for Cancer
Nanotech Therapy for Breast Cancer
Thymosin alpha1 and melanoma
What can we expect of tumor therapeutic response?
β Integrin emerges as an important player in mitochondrial dysfunction associated Gastric Cancer
Personalized Medicine and Colon Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer: a discovery in Toulouse that would slow its progression
Quantitative Systems Pharmacology – Use in Oncology Clinical Development: Anna Georgieva Kondic, PhD
Predicting Tumor Response, Progression, and Time to Recurrence
Usp9x: Promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer
Targeting Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) As A Therapy Strategy For Pancreatic Cancer
VEGF activation and signaling, lysine methylation, and activation of receptor tyrosine kinase
Brain Cancer Vaccine in Development and other considerations
Paclitaxel vs Abraxane (albumin-bound paclitaxel)
Mesothelin: An early detection biomarker for cancer (By Jack Andraka)
Confined Indolamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO) Controls the Hemeostasis of Immune Responses for Good and Bad
AMPK Is a Negative Regulator of the Warburg Effect and Suppresses Tumor Growth In Vivo
Targeting the Wnt Pathway [7.11]
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy and Market
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer drugs – where does the Future lie?
CD47: Target Therapy for Cancer
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) Receptors Activation: PPARγ transrepression for Angiogenesis in Cardiovascular Disease and PPARγ transactivation for Treatment of Diabetes
Cardio-oncology and Onco-Cardiology Programs: Treatments for Cancer Patients with a History of Cardiovascular Disease
Mitochondrial fission and fusion: potential therapeutic targets?
Heroes in Medical Research: Barnett Rosenberg and the Discovery of Cisplatin
Imatinib (Gleevec) May Help Treat Aggressive Lymphoma: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Lung Cancer (NSCLC), drug administration and nanotechnology
Soft Tissue Sarcoma: an Overview
Steroids, Inflammation, and CAR-T Therapy
14th ANNUAL BIOTECH IN EUROPE FORUM For Global Partnering & Investment 9/30 – 10/1/2014 • Congress Center Basel – SACHS Associates, London
Moderna Therapeutics Deal with Merck: Are Personalized Vaccines here?
Good and Bad News Reported for Ovarian Cancer Therapy
Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors and cancer therapy
J.P. Morgan 34th Annual Healthcare Conference & Biotech Showcase™ January 11 – 15, 2016 in San Francisco
Bisphosphonates and Bone Metabolism
Cancer Immunotherapy
Signaling of Immune Response in Colon Cancer
Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapy: New Approach for a New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs
Angiogenesis Inhibitors [9.5]
Novel Approaches to Cancer Therapy [11.1]
Findings on Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) for Superficial Bladder Cancer
Are CXCR4 Antagonists Making a Comeback in Cancer Chemotherapy?
The 2nd ANNUAL Sachs Cancer Bio Partnering & Investment Forum Promoting Public & Private Sector Collaboration & Investment in Drug Development, 19th March 2014 • New York Academy of Sciences • USA
Bispecific and Trispecific Engagers: NK-T Cells and Cancer Therapy
Immune-Oncology Molecules In Development & Articles on Topic in @pharmaceuticalintelligence.com
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy: What is in the name or clear description?
Nanoparticle Delivery to Cancer Drug Targets
Autophagy-Modulating Proteins and Small Molecules Candidate Targets for Cancer Therapy: Commentary of Bioinformatics Approaches
Immunotherapy in Cancer: A Series of Twelve Articles in the Frontier of Oncology by Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
2014 MassBio Annual Meeting 4/3 – 4/4 2014, Royal Sonesta Hotel, Cambridge, MA
AACR2016 – Cancer immunotherapy
Report on Cancer Immunotherapy Market & Clinical Pipeline Insight
CD-4 Therapy for Solid Tumors
In focus: Melanoma therapeutics
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation [9.3]
Cyclic Dinucleotides and Histone deacetylase inhibitors
Cancer Innovations from across the Web
“””Thymosin alpha1 and melanoma””,168
NGS Market: Trends and Development for Genotype-Phenotype Associations Research”””
Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia following adjuvant chemotherapy
Cancer Cell Therapy: Global Start up Acquisitions in Oncolytic Viruses (OV) Therapeutics – a Pipeline of 70 OVs in Clinical Development and another 95 in Preclinical Programs
Cancer Vaccines: Targeting Cancer Genes for Immunotherapy – A Conference by Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology
IDO for Commitment of a Life Time: The Origins and Mechanisms of IDO, indolamine 2, 3-dioxygenase
The Delicate Connection: IDO (Indolamine 2, 3 dehydrogenase) and Cancer Immunology
Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy
COMBAT study: Combination of BL-8040 and KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) for Pancreatic Cancer: Collaboration Agreement Merck, BioLineRx and MD Anderson Cancer Center
DIAGNOSIS (36 articles)
Nanotechnology: Detecting and Treating metastatic cancer in the lymph node
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Nanotechnology
Role of Progesterone in Breast Cancer Progression
Today’s fundamental challenge in Prostate cancer screening
Sensors and Signaling in Oxidative Stress
City of Hope, Duarte, California – Combining Science with Soul to Create Miracles at a Comprehensive Cancer Center designated by the National Cancer Institute – An Interview with the Provost and Chief Scientific Officer of City of Hope, Steven T. Rosen, M.D.
In Focus: Identity of Cancer Stem Cells
Thermodynamic Modeling for Cancer Cells
Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes
Ultrasound-based Screening for Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian Cancer and fluorescence-guided surgery: A report
Diagnosing Lung Cancer in Exhaled Breath using Gold Nanoparticles
Pancreatic Cancer at the Crossroads of Metabolism
Virtual Biopsy – is it possible?
Prostate Cancer and Nanotecnology
Metabolomics based biomarker discoveries
Personalized Medicine: Cancer Cell Biology and Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
Pancreatic Cancer Targeted Treatment?
Breast Cancer: Genomic profiling to predict Survival: Combination of Histopathology and Gene Expression Analysis
Targeting Cancer Neoantigens and Metabolic Change in T-cells
Cancer Immunotherapy Conference & Biomarkers for Cancer Immunotherapy Symposium, March 6-11, 2016 | Moscone North Convention Center | San Francisco, CA
New insights in cancer, cancer immunogenesis and circulating cancer cells
Circulating Biomarkers World Congress, March 23-24, 2015, Boston: Exosomes, Microvesicles, Circulating DNA, Circulating RNA, Circulating Tumor Cells, Sample Preparation
Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis and Novel Treatment – Articles of Note @PharmaceuticalIntelligence.com
Cancer Biomarkers
What about PDL-1 in oncotherapy diagnostics for NSCLC?
Novel biomarkers for targeting cancer immunotherapy
Hematological Cancer Classification
Cancer Biomarkers [11.3.2.3]
In Search of Clarity on Prostate Cancer Screening, Post-Surgical Followup, and Prediction of Long Term Remission
Biomarkers identified for recurrence in HBV-related HCC patients post surgery
Recent comprehensive review on the role of ultrasound in breast cancer management
Automated Breast Ultrasound System (‘ABUS’) for full breast scanning: The beginning of structuring a solution for an acute need!
“””The Molecular pathology of Breast Cancer Progression””,296
Medical MEMS BioMEMS and Sensor Applications”””
Battle of Steve Jobs and Ralph Steinman with Pancreatic cancer: How we lost
Metabolic drivers in aggressive brain tumors
IMAGING (16 articles)
Nanotechnology and MRI imaging
The unfortunate ending of the Tower of Babel construction project and its effect on modern imaging-based cancer patients’ management
Improving Mammography-based imaging for better treatment planning
State of the art in oncologic imaging of Colorectal cancers.
State of the art in oncologic imaging of Prostate.
Imaging Technology in Cancer Surgery
State of the art in oncologic imaging of lungs.
Causes and imaging features of false positives and false negatives on 18F-PET/CT in oncologic imaging
Clinical Trials on Schwannoma & Benign Intracranial Tumors Radiosurgery Treatment
Whole-body imaging as cancer screening tool; answering an unmet clinical need?
Improving Mammography-based imaging for better treatment planning
Imaging: seeing or imagining? (Part 1)
Knowing the tumor’s size and location, could we target treatment to THE ROI by applying imaging-guided intervention?
Imaging: seeing or imagining? (Part 2)
Tumor Imaging and Targeting: Predicting Tumor Response to Treatment: Where we stand?
State of the art in oncologic imaging of breast.
Mechanisms of tumorigenesis (40 articles)
Is the Warburg Effect the Cause or the Effect of Cancer: A 21st Century View?
In focus: Circulating Tumor Cells
Summary of Transcription, Translation ond Transcription Factors
Mitochondria: More than just the “powerhouse of the cell”
How Mobile Elements in “Junk DNA Promote Cancer – Part 1: Transposon-mediated Tumorigenesis”
Demythologizing sharks, cancer, and shark fins
A Synthesis of the Beauty and Complexity of How We View Cancer
Neuroblastoma: A review
Refined Warburg Hypothesis -2.1.2
Introduction – The Evolution of Cancer Therapy and Cancer Research: How We Got Here?
Epistemology of the Origin of Cancer: a New Paradigm
Role of Primary Cilia in Ovarian Cancer
Prologue to Cancer – e-book Volume One – Where are we in this journey?
“””The Molecular pathology of Breast Cancer Progression””, 325
Ultrasound-based Screening for Ovarian Cancer”””
The “Cancer establishments examined by James Watson 4/1953”
Lipids link to breast cancer
“””Thymosin alpha1 and melanoma””, 169
Amplifying Information Using S-Clustering and Relationship to Kullback-Liebler Distance: An Application to Myocardial Infarction”””
Wnt/β-catenin Signaling [7.10]
Cancer Signaling Pathways and Tumor Progression: Images of Biological Processes in the Voice of a Pathologist Cancer Expert
Mitochondrial Damage and Repair under Oxidative Stress
Nitric Oxide has a Ubiquitous Role in the Regulation of Glycolysis – with a Concomitant Influence on Mitochondrial Function
Autophagy
Ubiquitin-Proteosome pathway, Autophagy, the Mitochondrion, Proteolysis and Cell Apoptosis: Part III
Pancreatic Cancer and Crossing Roads of Metabolism
Ubiquinin-Proteosome pathway, autophagy, the mitochondrion, proteolysis and cell apoptosis
Warburg Effect Revisited – 2
Prostate Cancer Cells: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Induce Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Naked Mole Rats Cancer-Free
In focus: Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) and Molecular Chaperones
Nonhematologic Cancer Stem Cells [11.2.3]
Mitochondria and Cancer: An overview of mechanisms
Growth Factors, Suppressors and Receptors in Tumorigenesis [7.1]
Upregulate Tumor Suppressor Pathways [7.5]
Nrf2 Role in Blocking DNA Damage
Prostate Cancer: Androgen-driven “Pathomechanism in Early-onset Forms of the Disease”
Cancer Metastasis
Halstedian model of cancer progression
Otto Warburg, A Giant of Modern Cellular Biology
Tang Prize for 2014: Immunity and Cancer
Genomics (69 articles)
Pancreatic Cancer: Genetics, Genomics and Immunotherapy
Summary of Signaling and Signaling Pathways
In focus: Melanoma Genetics
Multiple Lung Cancer Genomic Projects Suggest New Targets, Research Directions for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Multiple Lung Cancer Genomic Projects Suggest New Targets, Research Directions for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Stanniocalcin: A Cancer Biomarker.
The Underappreciated EpiGenome
Li -Fraumeni Syndrome and Pancreatic Cancer
“To Die or Not To Die” – Time and Order of Combination drugs for Triple Negative Breast Cancer cells: A Systems Level Analysis
Genome-Wide Detection of Single-Nucleotide and Copy-Number Variation of a Single Human Cell
Metabolomics and prostate cancer
“The Molecular pathology of Breast Cancer Progression”, 172 Bioinformatic Tools for Cancer Mutational Analysis: COSMIC and Beyond”
Personalized Medicine in NSCLC
Notes On Tumor Heterogeneity: Targets and Mechanisms, from the 2015 AACR Meeting in Philadelphia PA
AstraZeneca’s WEE1 protein inhibitor AZD1775 Shows Success Against Tumors with a SETD2 mutation
A Primer on DNA and DNA Replication
Integrins, Cadherins, Signaling and the Cytoskeleton
The Molecular pathology of Breast Cancer Progression
Signaling transduction tutorial
Hematologic Malignancies [2.4.3]
Sunitinib brings Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) to Remission – RNA Sequencing – FLT3 Receptor Blockade
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1)[7.9]
Observations on Human Papilloma Virus and Cancer
The role and importance of transcription factors
Differentiation Therapy – Epigenetics Tackles Solid Tumors
CRISPR-Cas9 Foundational Technology originated at UC, Berkeley & UCSF, Broad Institute is developing Biotech Applications — Intellectual Property emerging as Legal Potential Dispute
Bioinformatic Tools for Cancer Mutational Analysis: COSMIC and Beyond
Issues in Personalized Medicine: Discussions of Intratumor Heterogeneity from the Oncology Pharma forum on LinkedIn
The Human Proteome Map Completed
CRISPR/Cas9 Finds Its Way As an Important Tool For Drug Discovery & Development
Mitochondrial Isocitrate Dehydrogenase and Variants
Pathway Specific Targeting in Anticancer Therapies [7.7]
Protein-binding, Protein-Protein interactions & Therapeutic Implications [7.3]
Gene Editing with CRISPR gets Crisper
Delineating a Role for CRISPR-Cas9 in Pharmaceutical Targeting
RNA and the Transcription the Genetic Code
Role of Calcium, the Actin Skeleton, and Lipid Structures in Signaling and Cell Motility
Finding the Genetic Links in Common Disease: Caveats of Whole Genome Sequencing Studies
LEADERS in Genome Sequencing of Genetic Mutations for Therapeutic Drug Selection in Cancer Personalized Treatment: Part 2
Introduction to Metabolomics
CRACKING THE CODE OF HUMAN LIFE: Recent Advances in Genomic Analysis and Disease – Part IIC
Sirtuins [7.8]
Highlights from 8th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference, November 28-29, 2012, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
2019 Trends in Precision Medicine: A Perspective from Foundation Medicine
Loss of Gene Islands May Promote a Cancer Genome’s Evolution: A new Hypothesis on Oncogenesis
Warburg Effect and Mitochondrial Regulation- 2.1.3
Cancer Genomics – Leading the Way by Cancer Genomics Program at UC Santa Cruz
The Magic of the Pandora’s Box : Epigenetics and Stemness with Long non-coding RNAs (lincRNA)
HBV and HCV-associated Liver Cancer: Important Insights from the Genome
PostTranslational Modification of Proteins
Cancer Genomic Precision Therapy: Digitized Tumor’s Genome (WGSA) Compared with Genome-native Germ Line: Flash-frozen specimen and Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded Specimen Needed
eProceeding 2019 Koch Institute Symposium – 18th Annual Cancer Research Symposium – Machine Learning and Cancer, June 14, 2019, 8:00 AM-5:00 PMET MIT Kresge Auditorium, 48 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA
Genomics and Epigenetics: Genetic Errors and Methodologies – Cancer and Other Diseases
Genomics and Metabolomics Advances in Cancer
Deciphering the Epigenome
Tumor Ammonia Recycling: How Cancer Cells Use Glutamate Dehydrogenase to Recycle Tumor Microenvironment Waste Products for Biosynthesis
Cancer Mutations Across the Landscape
BRCA1 a tumour suppressor in breast and ovarian cancer – functions in transcription, ubiquitination and DNA repair
2016 World Medical Innovation Forum: CANCER, April 25-27, 2016, Partners HealthCare, Boston, at the Westin Hotel, Boston
Winning Over Cancer Progression: New Oncology Drugs to Suppress Passengers Mutations vs. Driver Mutations
Gene Amplification and Activation of the Hedgehog Pathway
Bioinformatics Tool Review: Genome Variant Analysis Tools
Gastric Cancer: Whole-genome reconstruction and mutational signatures
7th Annual Novel Strategies for Kinase Inhibitors Exploring New Therapeutic Areas September 24-25, 2013 | Boston, MA
Targeting Untargetable Proto-Oncogenes
Salivary Gland Cancer – Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Mutation Patterns: Exome- and Genome-Sequencing @ Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Heroes in Medical Research: Dr. Robert Ting, Ph.D. and Retrovirus in AIDS and Cancer
DNA: One man’s trash is another man’s treasure, but there is no JUNK after all
PIK3CA mutation in Colorectal Cancer may serve as a Predictive Molecular Biomarker for adjuvant Aspirin therapy
Resistance and Adverse Events (12 articles)
Tumor Associated Macrophages: The Double-Edged Sword Resolved?
Predicting Tumor Response, Progression, and Time to Recurrence
Development of Chemoresistance to Targeted Therapies: Alterations of Cell Signaling & the Kinome
Can IntraTumoral Heterogeneity Be Thought of as a Mechanism of Resistance?
Rapid regression of HER2 breast cancer
Liver Toxicity halts Clinical Trial of IAP Antagonist for Advanced Solid Tumors
Myc and Cancer Resistance
Mechanisms of Drug Resistance
New Generation of Platinated Compounds to Circumvent Resistance
Breast Cancer, drug resistance, and biopharmaceutical targets
Issues Need to be Resolved With ImmunoModulatory Therapies: NK cells, mAbs, and adoptive T cells
Curation of Recently Halted Oncology Trials Due to Serious Adverse Events – 2015
Patient and Personalized Care (12 articles)
The Experience of a Patient with Thyroid Cancer
Management of Follicular Lymphoma
Acoustic Neuroma, Neurinoma or Vestibular Schwannoma: Treatment Options
Can Mobile Health Apps Improve Oral-Chemotherapy Adherence? The Benefit of Gamification.
The Relation between Coagulation and Cancer affects Supportive Treatments
NIH Considers Guidelines for CAR-T therapy: Report from Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee
Ethical Concerns in Personalized Medicine: BRCA1/2 Testing in Minors and Communication of Breast Cancer Risk
Cancer and Nutrition
Harnessing Personalized Medicine for Cancer Management, Prospects of Prevention and Cure: Opinions of Cancer Scientific Leaders @ http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com
Environment and Cancer [11.3.4]
Hormonal Therapy, Complementary and Alternative Therapies – 9.4
Relation of Diet and Cancer
Research and Cancer Models (12 articles)
The SCID Pig: How Pigs are becoming a Great Alternate Model for Cancer Research
The SCID Pig II: Researchers Develop Another SCID Pig, And Another Great Model For Cancer Research
The Discovery and Properties of Avemar – Fermented Wheat Germ Extract: Carcinogenesis Suppressor
Zebrafish—Susceptible to Cancer
Humanized Mice May Revolutionize Cancer Drug Discovery
Heroes in Medical Research: Developing Models for Cancer Research
Recent Breakthroughs in Cancer Research at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology- 2015
Guidelines for the welfare and use of animals in cancer research
Colon cancer and organoids
Organoid Development
New Ecosystem of Cancer Research: Cross Institutional Team Science
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research @MIT – Summer Symposium 2014: RNA Biology, Cancer and Therapeutic Implications, June 13, 2014 8:30AM – 4:30PM, Kresge Auditorium @MIT
In the following now we will pick articles based on an even distribution between the subcategories
Series C: e-Books on Cancer & Oncology
Series C Content Consultant: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP
VOLUME ONE
Cancer Biology and Genomics
for
Disease Diagnosis
2015
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B013RVYR2K
Stephen J. Williams, PhD, Senior Editor
sjwilliamspa@comcast.net
tildabarliya@gmail.com
ritu.uab@gmail.com
Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence
A scanning electron micrograph of a squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. The cell has been frozen and split open to reveal its nucleus.
Credit: Anne Weston, LRI, CRUK. Wellcome Images
Editor-in-Chief BioMed e-Series of e-Books
Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence, Boston
avivalev-ari@alum.berkeley.edu
Open Access Online Journal
http://www.pharmaceuticalIntelligence.com
is a scientific, medical and business, multi-expert authoring environment for information syndication in several domains of Life Sciences, Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Industries, BioMedicine, Medical Technologies & Devices. Scientific critical interpretations and original articles are written by PhDs, MDs, MD/PhDs, PharmDs, Technical MBAs as Experts, Authors, Writers (EAWs) on an Equity Sharing basis.
This e-Book is a comprehensive review of recent Original Research on Cancer & Genomics including related opportunities for Targeted Therapy written by Experts, Authors, Writers. The results of Original Research are gaining value added for the e-Reader by the Methodology of Curation. The e-Book’s articles have been published on the Open Access Online Scientific Journal, since April 2012. All new articles on this subject, will continue to be incorporated, as published with periodical updates. © Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence, all rights reserved.
List of Contributors to Volume One
(Note: original authored and curated articles are in bold-faced type). Other articles represent reports of interesting literature)
2.11, 10.2
1.2, 5.1.7, 5.2.1, 5.2.4, 6.1.6, 6.1.7, 7.3.3, 7.4.1, 8.5, 10.1, 11.4.6, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7
Prologue, Volume Introduction, 1.6, 1.8, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 3.1, 4.2.6, 5.1.5, 6.1.1, 6.3.4, 7.3.2, 7.3.8, 10.8, Epilogue
1.1, 1.12, 2.1, 2.2, 2.7, 4.3.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 6.1.3, 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.3.2, 8.4, 10.5
1.3, 1.4, 1.7, 1.11, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 4.1.2, 4.1.6, 4.2.2, 4.2.5, 4.3.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.6, 5.2.2, 5.2.5, 6.1.2, 6.1.4, 7.1.1, 7.1.5, 7.1.6, 7.2.1, 7.2.3, 7.2.4, 7.2.5, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, 7.4.2, 8.1, 8., 9.2, 9.3, 10.3, 10.4, 10.6, 10.7
5.1.9, 5.1.10, 5.2.3, 8.2, 9.1, 9.6, 11.1.1, 11.1.2, 11.2.1, 11.2.2, 11.2.3, 11.2.4, 11.2.5, 11.2.6
11.2.7, 11.2.8, 11.2.9, 11.2.10, 11.2.11, 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 11.3.3, 11.3.4, 11.3.5, 11.3.6, 11.3.7
11.4.1, 11.4.2, 11.4.3, 11.4.4, 11.4.5, 11.5.1, 11.5.2, 11.5.3, 11.5.4
1.5, 6.3.7, 7.1.4, 7.2.2, 7.3.1, 7.3.4
1.10, 5.1.4, 7.4.3
6.1.5
1.9, 1.13, 2.8, 2.9, 3.6, 4.7, 4.2.3, 5.1.8, 6.1.5, 6.2.1, 6.3.1, 6.3.3, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.4.4
2.10, 3.2, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 4.1.4, 4.2.4, 6.3.5, 7.2.6, 7.3.7, 9.4
Preface
Cancer is the second most cause of medically related deaths in the developed world. However, concerted efforts among most developed nations to eradicate the disease, such as increased government funding for cancer research and a mandated ‘war on cancer’ in the mid 70’s has translated into remarkable improvements in diagnosis, early detection, and cancer survival rates for many individual cancer. For example, survival rate for breast and colon cancer have improved dramatically over the last 40 years. In the UK, overall median survival times have improved from one year in 1972 to 5.8 years for patients diagnosed in 2007. In the US, the overall 5 year survival improved from 50% for all adult cancers and 62% for childhood cancer in 1972 to 68% and childhood cancer rate improved to 82% in 2007. However, for some cancers, including lung, brain, pancreatic and ovarian cancer, there has been little improvement in survival rates since the “war on cancer” has started.
Many of the improvements in survival rates are a direct result of the massive increase in the knowledge of tumor biology obtained through ardent basic research. Breakthrough discoveries regarding oncogenes, cancer cell signaling, survival, and regulated death mechanisms, tumor immunology, genetics and molecular biology, biomarker research, and now nanotechnology and imaging, have directly led to the advances we now we in early detection, chemotherapy, personalized medicine, as well as new therapeutic modalities such as cancer vaccines and immunotherapies and combination chemotherapies. Molecular and personalized therapies such as trastuzumab and aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer, imatnib for CML and GIST related tumors, bevacizumab for advanced colorectal cancer have been a direct result of molecular discoveries into the nature of cancer.
This ebook highlights some of the recent trends and discoveries in cancer research and cancer treatment, with particular attention how new technological and informatics advancements have ushered in paradigm shifts in how we think about, diagnose, and treat cancer. The book is organized with the 8 hallmarks of cancer in mind, concepts which are governing principles of cancer from Drs. Hanahan and Weinberg (Hallmarks of Cancer).
- Maintaining Proliferative Signals
- Avoiding Immune Destruction
- Evading Growth Suppressors
- Resisting Cell Death
- Becoming Immortal
- Angiogenesis
- Deregulating Cellular Energy
- Activating Invasion and Metastasis
Therefore the reader is asked to understand how each of these underlying principles are being translated to current breakthrough discoveries, in association with the basic biological knowledge we have amassed through diligent research and how these principals and latest research can be used by the next generation of cancer scientist and oncologist to provide the future breakthroughs. As the past basic research had provided a new platform for the era of genomics in oncology, it is up to this next generation of scientists and oncologists to provide the basic research for the next platform which will create the future breakthroughs to combat this still deadly disease.
Part I
Historical Perspective of Cancer Demographics, Etiology, and Progress in Research
Chapter 1: The Occurrence of Cancer in World Populations
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
Tilda Barliya, PhD
1.3 2013 Perspective on “War on Cancer” on December 23, 1971
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
1.4 Global Burden of Cancer Treatment & Women Health: Market Access & Cost Concerns
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
1.5 The Importance of Cancer Prevention Programs: New Perspectives for Fighting Cancer
Ziv Raviv, PhD
1.6 The “Cancer establishments” examined by James Watson, co-discoverer of DNA w/Crick, 4/1953,
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
1.7 New Ecosystem of Cancer Research: Cross Institutional Team Science
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
1.8 Cancer Innovations from across the Web
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
1.9 Exploring the role of vitamin C in Cancer therapy
Ritu Saxena PhD
1.10 Relation of Diet and Cancer
Sudipta Saha, PhD
1.11 Association between Non-melanoma Skin Cancer and subsequent Primary Cancers in White Population
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
1.12 Men With Prostate Cancer More Likely to Die from Other Causes
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
1.13 Battle of Steve Jobs and Ralph Steinman with Pancreatic Cancer: How we Lost
Ritu Saxena, PhD
Chapter 2. Rapid Scientific Advances Changes Our View on How Cancer Forms
2.1 All Cancer Cells Are Not Created Equal: Some Cell Types Control Continued Tumor Growth, Others Prepare the Way for Metastasis
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
2.2 Hold on. Mutations in Cancer do Good
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
2.3 Is the Warburg Effect the Cause or the Effect of Cancer: A 21st Century View?
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
2.4 Naked Mole Rats Cancer-Free
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
2.5 Zebrafish—Susceptible to Cancer
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
2.6 Demythologizing Sharks, Cancer, and Shark Fins,
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
2.7 Tumor Cells’ Inner Workings Predict Cancer Progression
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
2.8 In Focus: Identity of Cancer Stem Cells
Ritu Saxena, PhD
2.9 In Focus: Circulating Tumor Cells
Ritu Saxena, PhD
2.10 Rewriting the Mathematics of Tumor Growth; Teams Use Math Models to Sort Drivers from Passengers
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
2.11 Role of Primary Cilia in Ovarian Cancer
Aashir Awan, PhD
Chapter 3: A Genetic Basis and Genetic Complexity of Cancer Emerges
3.1 The Binding of Oligonucleotides in DNA and 3-D Lattice Structures
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
3.2 How Mobile Elements in “Junk” DNA Promote Cancer. Part 1: Transposon-mediated Tumorigenesis.
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
3.3 DNA: One Man’s Trash is another Man’s Treasure, but there is no JUNK after all
Demet Sag, PhD
3.4 Issues of Tumor Heterogeneity
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
3.5 arrayMap: Genomic Feature Mining of Cancer Entities of Copy Number Abnormalities (CNAs) Data
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
3.6 HBV and HCV-associated Liver Cancer: Important Insights from the Genome
Ritu Saxena, PhD
3.7 Salivary Gland Cancer – Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Mutation Patterns: Exome- and Genome-Sequencing @ Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
3.8 Gastric Cancer: Whole-genome Reconstruction and Mutational Signatures
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
3.9 Missing Gene may Drive more than a quarter of Breast Cancers
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Aviva Lev-Ari,PhD, RN
Chapter 4: How Epigenetic and Metabolic Factors Affect Tumor Growth
4.1 Epigenetics
4.1.1 The Magic of the Pandora’s Box : Epigenetics and Stemness with Long non-coding RNAs (lincRNA)
Demet Sag, PhD, CRA, GCP
4.1.2 Stomach Cancer Subtypes Methylation-based identified by Singapore-Led Team
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
4.1.3 The Underappreciated EpiGenome
Demet Sag, Ph.D., CRA, GCP
4.1.4 Differentiation Therapy – Epigenetics Tackles Solid Tumors
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
4.1.5 “The SILENCE of the Lambs” Introducing The Power of Uncoded RNA
Demet Sag, Ph.D., CRA, GCP
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
4.2 Metabolism
4.2.1 Mitochondria and Cancer: An overview of mechanisms
Ritu Saxena, PhD
4.2.2 Bioenergetic Mechanism: The Inverse Association of Cancer and Alzheimer’s
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
4.2.3 Crucial role of Nitric Oxide in Cancer
Ritu Saxena, PhD
4.2.4 Nitric Oxide Mitigates Sensitivity of Melanoma Cells to Cisplatin
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
4.2.6 Lipid Profile, Saturated Fats, Raman Spectrosopy, Cancer Cytology
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
4.3 Other Factors Affecting Tumor Growth
4.3.1 Squeezing Ovarian Cancer Cells to Predict Metastatic Potential: Cell Stiffness as Possible Biomarker
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
4.3.2 Prostate Cancer: Androgen-driven “Pathomechanism” in Early-onset Forms of the Disease
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Chapter 5: Advances in Breast and Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Supports Hope for Cure
5.1 Breast Cancer
5.1.1 Cell Movement Provides Clues to Aggressive Breast Cancer
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
5.1.2 Identifying Aggressive Breast Cancers by Interpreting the Mathematical Patterns in the Cancer Genome
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
5.1.3 Mechanism involved in Breast Cancer Cell Growth: Function in Early Detection & Treatment
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Sudipta Saha, PhD
5.1.5 Breast Cancer and Mitochondrial Mutations
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
5.1.6 MIT Scientists Identified Gene that Controls Aggressiveness in Breast Cancer Cells
Aviva Lev-Ari PhD RN
5.1.7 “The Molecular pathology of Breast Cancer Progression”
Tilda Barliya, PhD
5.1.8 In focus: Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Ritu Saxena, PhD
Dror Nir, PhD
5.1.10 State of the art in oncologic imaging of breast.
Dror Nir, PhD
5.2 Gastrointestinal Cancer
5.2.1 Colon Cancer
Tilda Barliya, PhD
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
5.2.3 State of the art in oncologic imaging of colorectal cancers.
Dror Nir, PhD
5.2.4 Pancreatic Cancer: Genetics, Genomics and Immunotherapy
Tilda Barliya, PhD
5.2.5 Pancreatic cancer genomes: Axon guidance pathway genes – aberrations revealed
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Part II
Advent of Translational Medicine, “omics”, and Personalized Medicine Ushers in New Paradigms in Cancer Treatment and
Advances in Drug Development
Chapter 6: Treatment Strategies
6.1 Marketed and Novel Drugs
Breast Cancer
6.1.1 Treatment for Metastatic HER2 Breast Cancer
Larry H Bernstein MD, FCAP
6.1.2 Aspirin a Day Tied to Lower Cancer Mortality
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
6.1.3 New Anti-Cancer Drug Developed
Prabodh Kandala, Ph.D.
Aviva Lev-Ari ,PhD, RN
Anamika Sarkar, PhD. and Ritu Saxena, PhD
Melanoma
6.1.6 “Thymosin alpha1 and melanoma”
Tilda Barliya, PhD
Leukemia
6.1.7 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Bone Marrow Transplantation
Tilda Barliya PhD
6.2 Natural agents
Prostate Cancer
6.2.1 Scientists use natural agents for prostate cancer bone metastasis treatment
Ritu Saxena, PhD
Breast Cancer
6.2.2 Marijuana Compound Shows Promise In Fighting Breast Cancer
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
Ovarian Cancer
6.2.3 Dimming ovarian cancer growth
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
6.3 Potential Therapeutic Agents
Gastric Cancer
6.3.1 β Integrin emerges as an important player in mitochondrial dysfunction associated Gastric Cancer
Ritu Saxena, PhD
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
Pancreatic Cancer
6.3.3 Usp9x: Promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer
Ritu Saxena, PhD
Breast Cancer
6.3.4 Breast Cancer, drug resistance, and biopharmaceutical targets
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
Prostate Cancer
6.3.5 Prostate Cancer Cells: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Induce Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
Glioblastoma
6.3.6 Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA) as a Therapeutic tool in the Management of Glioblastoma
Raphael Nir, PhD, MSM, MSc
6.3.7 Akt inhibition for cancer treatment, where do we stand today?
Ziv Raviv, PhD
Chapter 7: Personalized Medicine and Targeted Therapy
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
7.1.2 Personalized medicine-based cure for cancer might not be far away
Ritu Saxena, PhD
7.1.3 Personalized medicine gearing up to tackle cancer
Ritu Saxena, PhD
7.1.4 Cancer Screening at Sourasky Medical Center Cancer Prevention Center in Tel-Aviv
Ziv Raviv, PhD
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
7.1.6 Personalized Medicine: Cancer Cell Biology and Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
7.2 Personalized Medicine and Genomics
7.2.1 Cancer Genomics – Leading the Way by Cancer Genomics Program at UC Santa Cruz
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Ziv Raviv, PhD
7.2.3 Genotype-based Analysis for Cancer Therapy using Large-scale Data Modeling: Nayoung Kim, PhD(c)
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
7.3 Personalized Medicine and Targeted Therapy
7.3.1 The Development of siRNA-Based Therapies for Cancer
Ziv Raviv, PhD
7.3.2 mRNA interference with cancer expression
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
7.3.3 CD47: Target Therapy for Cancer
Tilda Barliya, PhD
7.3.4 Targeting Mitochondrial-bound Hexokinase for Cancer Therapy
Ziv Raviv, PhD
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
7.3.6 Personalized Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Option
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
7.3.7 New scheme to routinely test patients for inherited cancer genes
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
7.3.8 Targeting Untargetable Proto-Oncogenes
Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
7.3.9 The Future of Translational Medicine with Smart Diagnostics and Therapies: PharmacoGenomics
Demet Sag, PhD
7.4 Personalized Medicine in Specific Cancers
7.4.1 Personalized medicine and Colon cancer
Tilda Barliya, PhD
7.4.2 Comprehensive Genomic Characterization of Squamous Cell Lung Cancers
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
7.4.3 Targeted Tumor-Penetrating siRNA Nanocomplexes for Credentialing the Ovarian Cancer Oncogene ID4
Sudipta Saha, PhD
7.4.4 Cancer and Bone: low magnitude vibrations help mitigate bone loss
Ritu Saxena, PhD
7.4.5 New Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines Face a Tough Sell, Study Suggests
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
Part III
Translational Medicine, Genomics, and New Technologies Converge to Improve Early Detection
Diagnosis, Detection And Biomarkers
Chapter 8: Diagnosis
Diagnosis: Prostate Cancer
Aviva Lev-Ari PhD RN
8.2 Today’s fundamental challenge in Prostate cancer screening
Dror Nir, PhD
Diagnosis & Guidance: Prostate Cancer
8.3 Prostate Cancers Plunged After USPSTF Guidance, Will It Happen Again?
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Diagnosis, Guidance and Market Aspects: Prostate Cancer
8.4 New Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines Face a Tough Sell, Study Suggests
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
Diagnossis: Lung Cancer
8.5 Diagnosing lung cancer in exhaled breath using gold nanoparticles
Tilda Barliya PhD
Chapter 9: Detection
Detection: Prostate Cancer
9.1 Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: American Urological Association (AUA) Guideline
Dror Nir, PhD
Detection: Breast & Ovarian Cancer
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Detection: Aggressive Prostate Cancer
9.3 A Blood Test to Identify Aggressive Prostate Cancer: a Discovery @ SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Diagnostic Markers & Screening as Diagnosis Method
Stephen J. Williams, PhD
Detection: Ovarian Cancer
9.5 Warning signs may lead to better early detection of ovarian cancer
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
Dror Nir, PhD
Chapter 10: Biomarkers
Biomarkers: Pancreatic Cancer
10.1 Mesothelin: An early detection biomarker for cancer (By Jack Andraka)
Tilda Barliya, PhD
Biomarkers: All Types of Cancer, Genomics and Histology
10.2 Stanniocalcin: A Cancer Biomarker
Aashir Awan, PhD
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Biomarkers: Pancreatic Cancer
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
10.5 Early Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer Identified
Prabodh Kandala, PhD
Biomarkers: Head and Neck Cancer
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
10.7 Opens Exome Service for Rare Diseases & Advanced Cancer @Mayo Clinic’s OncoSpire
Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
Diagnostic Markers and Screening as Diagnosis Methods
Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP
Chapter 11 Imaging In Cancer
11.1 Introduction by Dror Nir, PhD
The concept of personalized medicine has been around for many years. Recent advances in cancer treatment choice, availability of treatment modalities, including “adaptable” drugs and the fact that patients’ awareness increases, put medical practitioners under pressure to better clinical assessment of this disease prior to treatment decision and quantitative reporting of treatment outcome. In practice, this translates into growing demand for accurate, noninvasive, nonuser-dependent probes for cancer detection and localization. The advent of medical-imaging technologies such as image-fusion, functional-imaging and noninvasive tissue characterisation is playing an imperative role in answering this demand thus transforming the concept of personalized medicine in cancer into practice. The leading modality in that respect is medical imaging. To date, the main imaging systems that can provide reasonable level of cancer detection and localization are: CT, mammography, Multi-Sequence MRI, PET/CT and ultrasound. All of these require skilled operators and experienced imaging interpreters in order to deliver what is required at a reasonable level. It is generally agreed by radiologists and oncologists that in order to provide a comprehensive work-flow that complies with the principles of personalized medicine, future cancer patients’ management will heavily rely on computerized image interpretation applications that will extract from images in a standardized manner measurable imaging biomarkers leading to better clinical assessment of cancer patients.
Read more: The Incentive for Imaging based cancer patient’ management and Imaging-biomarkers is Imaging-based tissue characterization
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2 Ultrasound
11.2.1 2013 – YEAR OF THE ULTRASOUND
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.2 Imaging: seeing or imagining? (Part 1)
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.3 Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: American Urological Association (AUA) Guideline
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.4 Today’s fundamental challenge in Prostate cancer screening
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.5 State of the art in oncologic imaging of Prostate
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.6 From AUA 2013: “HistoScanning”- aided template biopsies for patients with previous negative TRUS biopsies
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.7 On the road to improve prostate biopsy
Dror Nir, PhD
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.9 What could transform an underdog into a winner?
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.10 Ultrasound-based Screening for Ovarian Cancer
Dror Nir, PhD
11.2.11 Imaging Guided Cancer-Therapy – a Discipline in Need of Guidance
Dror Nir, PhD
11.3 MRI & PET/MRI
11.3.1 Introducing smart-imaging into radiologists’ daily practice
Dror Nir, PhD
11.3.2 Imaging: seeing or imagining? (Part 2)
[Part 1 is included in the ultrasound section above]
Dror Nir, PhD
11.3.3 Imaging-guided biopsies: Is there a preferred strategy to choose?
Dror Nir, PhD
11.3.4 New clinical results support Imaging-guidance for targeted prostate biopsy
Dror Nir, PhD
11.3.5 Whole-body imaging as cancer screening tool; answering an unmet clinical need?
Dror Nir, PhD
11.3.6 State of the art in oncologic imaging of Lymphoma
Dror Nir, PhD
11.3.7 A corner in the medical imaging’s ECO system
Dror Nir, PhD
11.4 CT, Mammography & PET/CT
Dror Nir, PhD
11.4.2 Minimally invasive image-guided therapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma
Dror Nir, PhD
11.4.3 Improving Mammography-based imaging for better treatment planning
Dror Nir, PhD
11.4.4 Closing the Mammography gap
Dror Nir, PhD
11.4.5 State of the art in oncologic imaging of lungs
Dror Nir, PhD
11.4.6 Ovarian Cancer and fluorescence-guided surgery: A report
Tilda Barliya, PhD
11.5 Optical Coherent Tomography (OCT)
11.5.1 Optical Coherent Tomography – emerging technology in cancer patient management
Dror Nir, PhD
Dror Nir, PhD
11.5.3 Virtual Biopsy – is it possible?
Dror Nir, PhD
11.5.4 New development in measuring mechanical properties of tissue
Dror Nir, PhD
Summary by Dror Nir, PhD
Establishing personalized medicine is expected to reduce over-diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This is a major unmet need in health-care systems worldwide. We have reasons to believe that investing in the development of innovative imaging technologies that will generate imaging-biomarkers characteristics of cancer will significantly improve cancer management and will generate good return on investment for all stakeholders.
Chapter 12. Nanotechnology Imparts New Advances in Cancer Treatment, Detection, and Imaging
Introduction
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field of science that involves engineering, chemistry, physics and biology in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of materials and devices whose smallest functional organization in at least one dimension is on the nanometer scale or one billionth of a meter. Applications to medicine and physiology imply materials and devices designed to interact with the body at sub-cellular molecular scales with a high degree of specificity which can potentially be translated into diagnosis, targeted drug designed to achieve maximal therapeutic affects with minimal side effects, imaging and medical devices. In this chapter, we will introduce and discuss some of the nanotechnology’s clinical applications.
12.1 DNA Nanotechnology
Tilda Barliya, PhD
12.2 Nanotechnology, personalized medicine and DNA sequencing
Tilda Barliya, PhD
12.3 Nanotech Therapy for Breast Cancer
Tilda Barliya, PhD
12.4 Prostate Cancer and Nanotecnology
Tilda Barliya, PhD
12.5 Nanotechnology: Detecting and Treating metastatic cancer in the lymph node
Tilda Barliya, PhD
12.6 Nanotechnology Tackles Brain Cancer
Tilda Barliya, PhD
12.7 Lung Cancer (NSCLC), drug administration and nanotechnology
Tilda Barliya, PhD
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