When Google[x] embarked on a project in 2012 to put computing inside a contact lens — an immensely challenging technical problem with an important application to health — we could not have imagined where it would lead us. As a life sciences team within Google[x], we were able to combine the best of our technology heritage with expertise from across many fields. Now, as an independent company, Verily is focused on using technology to better understand health, as well as prevent, detect, and manage disease.
Archive for the ‘International Global Work in Pharmaceutical’ Category
Protected: PathBreaking in Biotech Investment and Venture Growth: The Franchising of Intellectual Property as a Business Model
Posted in Intellectual Property, Innovations, Commercialization, Investment in technological breakthrough, International Global Work in Pharmaceutical, IP Development by LPBI Group Team & Other Organizations, LPBI Group, e-Scientific Media, DFP, R&D-M3DP, R&D-Drug Discovery, US Patents: SOPs and Team Management, tagged Biotech Investment and Venture Growth: The Franchising of Intellectual Property as a Business Model on March 11, 2016|
TSUNAMI in HealthCare under the New Name Verily.com
Posted in Big Data, BioIT: BioInformatics, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, Biological Networks, Biological Networks, Gene Regulation and Evolution, Biomarkers & Medical Diagnostics, Biomedical Measurement Science, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Venture Capital, Cancer and Current Therapeutics, CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, Cancer Informatics, Cancer Prevention: Research & Programs, Cancer Screening, Frontiers in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disorders, Gene Regulation, Genetics & Innovations in Treatment, Genetics & Pharmaceutical, Genome Biology, Genomic Testing: Methodology for Diagnosis, Global Partnering & Biotech Investment, HealthCare IT, Immuno-Oncology & Genomics, Innovation in Immunology Diagnostics, Intellectual Property, Innovations, Commercialization, Investment in technological breakthrough, International Global Work in Pharmaceutical, Investment in Technological Breakthrough, IP Development by LPBI Group Team, IP Development by LPBI Group Team & Other Organizations, Joint Venture - SBH & M3DP: SOP and Arrangements, LPBI Group, e-Scientific Media, DFP, R&D-M3DP, R&D-Drug Discovery, US Patents: SOPs and Team Management on December 14, 2015| Leave a Comment »

TSUNAMI in HealthCare under the New Name Verily.com
Curator: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN
UPDATED on 6/8/2016
The Tricorder project was announced only 3 months after Google entered the life sciences field, according to the report, and came from the same incubator which rolled out the company’s self-driving car and recently cancelled Google Glass.
Verily CEO Andrew Conrad said the scientific basis for the device was proven upon unveiling in 2014, but experts have presented conflicting views on the reality of such a device, STAT Newsreports.
“What (Verily is) really good at is physical measurements — things like temperature, pulse rate, activity level. They are not particularly good at … the chemical and the biological stuff,” Walt toldSTAT news.
Four former Verily employees said the Tricorder “has been seen internally more as a way to generate buzz than as a viable project,” according to the report.
SOURCE
UPDATED on 4/16/2016
SOURCE
http://recode.net/2016/04/13/verily-alphabet-profitable/
Verily, Alphabet’s medical business, is profitable, Sergey Brin tells Googlers

Verily | YouTube
SCIENCE
Publicly, Alphabet has said very little about its assortment of companies not named Google.
But internally, Alphabet is a little more forthcoming.
As we reported earlier, Nest CEO Tony Fadell appeared before Google’s all-hands meeting two weeks ago to address recent criticism of his company. During that meeting, Google co-founder and Alphabet exec Sergey Brin also defended another company under the holding conglomerate: Verily, the medical tech unit previously called Google Life Sciences.
Lumped together, Alphabet’s moonshots aren’t making money yet — but Verily is, Brin said.
Verily was the target of a scathing article — in Stat, a medical publication from the Boston Globe — scrutinizing its CEO, Andy Conrad. Several former employees told Stat that Verily suffered a talent exodus due to “derisive and impulsive” leadership by Conrad.
Here’s what Brin said in response at Google’s TGIF meeting:
I have seen a smattering of articles. And, you know, it’s actually sad to see sometimes where it appeared that … former employees or soon-to-be former employees talked to the press. But, anyhow, I can tell you what’s going on with these companies, fortunately. So in Verily’s case, despite a handful of examples, their attrition rate is below Google’s and Alphabet’s as a whole. And also, there are articles that have generally said we are blowing a lot of money and so forth. It’s true that, you know, as whole our Other Bets are not yet profitable, but some of them are, including Verily on a cash basis and increasingly so. So we’re pretty excited about these efforts.
Verily makes money through
- partnerships with pharmaceutical companies — such as Novartis, which is licensing and planning to sell Verily’s smart contact lens — and
- medical institutions.
It is one of three units contributing to the Other Bets total revenue ($448 million) in 2015, along with
- Google Fiber and
- Nest.
As we reported earlier, Nest likely brought in around $340 million of that and Fiber pulled close to $100 million, meaning that Verily’s sales were somewhere around $10 million. During the year, all the moonshot units combined reported operating losses of $3.6 billion.
Note Brin’s stipulation that Verily’s profit comes on a “cash basis.” That probably means that it’s not making profit on the normal basis, meaning when you take into account total sales minus total costs. But “cash positive” suggests they’re booking sales faster than they’re spending money, which is a positive sign. Companies normally report financials accounting for all costs. And that’s how Alphabet will next week, when it shares first-quarter results for Google and the Other Bets — although we almost certainly won’t see figures on Verily’s profitability.
We reached out to Alphabet and Verily reps for more clarity, but didn’t get any.
SOURCE
http://recode.net/2016/04/13/verily-alphabet-profitable/
Original Curation dated 12/14/2015
- Part 1: Verily in Action
- Part II: Innovations at a Different Scale: GDE Enterprises – A Case in Point of Healthcare in Focus – Work-in-Progress
12/31/2015 – All time
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Part 1: Verily in Action
They write @ https://verily.com/
Andy Conrad, Ph.D.
Chief Executive OfficerFormerly the chief scientific officer of LabCorp, Andy is a cell biologist with a doctorate from UCLA. He has always been passionate about early detection and prevention of disease: Andy co-founded the National Genetics Institute, which developed the first cost-effective test to screen for HIV in blood supply.
Brian Otis, Ph.D.
Chief Technical OfficerBrian’s team focuses on end-to-end innovation ranging from integrated circuits to biocompatible materials to sensors. He joined Google[x] as founder of the smart contact lens project and now leads our efforts across all hardware and device projects, including wearables, implanted devices, and technology like Liftware.
Jessica Mega, M.D., MPH
Chief Medical OfficerJessica leads the clinical strategy and research team at Verily. She is a board-certified cardiologist who trained and practiced at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. As a faculty member at Harvard Medical School and a senior investigator with the TIMI Study Group, Jessica directed large, international trials evaluating novel cardiovascular therapies.
Linus Upson
Head of EngineeringA long-time Google software engineer, Linus has been a team lead in developing products that now help billions of people worldwide find the information they need on the Internet, including Chrome and Chrome OS. He now oversees our engineering teams.
Tom Stanis
Head of SoftwareTom spent nine years working on core Google products before joining Google[x] in 2014 to work on the Baseline Study. He now leads all our Software projects, including the development of machine learning algorithms for applications ranging from robotic-assisted surgery to diabetes management.
Vikram (Vik) Bajaj, Ph.D.
Chief Scientific OfficerVik’s broad research interests in industry and as a former academic principal investigator have included structural and systems biology, molecular imaging, nanoscience, and bioinformatics. Vik now leads the Science team in research directions related to our mission.
What are the Dimensions of the Tsumani in Healthcare?
- prevention,
- detection,
- management of disease
Hardware
- contact lens with an embedded glucose sensor for measuring the glucose in human tears.
Software
- multiple sclerosis, for example, combines wearable sensors with traditional clinical tests
- signals that could lead to new knowledge about the disease and why it progresses differently among individuals.
Clinical
- Constituencies industry, hospitals, government, academic centers, medical societies, and patient advocacy groups
- The Baseline Study is one of these dedicated efforts, a multi-year initiative that aims to identify the traits of a healthy human by closely observing the transition to disease.
Science
- Understand processes that lead to conditions like cancer, heart disease, and diabetes
- computational systems biology platforms and life sciences tools
- bio-molecular nanotechnology for precision diagnostics and therapeutic delivery
- advanced imaging methods for applications ranging from early diagnosis to surgical robotics.
FOLLOW the LEADER of Parish in the Tsunami
Google[x] searches for ways to boost cancer immunotherapy | Science/AAAS | News
http://news.sciencemag.org/math/2015/01/googlex-searches-ways-boost-cancer-immunotherapy
Google Life Sciences and American Heart Association commit $50M to study heart disease | VentureBeat
Google Life Sciences Division Is Now Called… Verily?
http://gizmodo.com/google-life-sciences-division-is-now-called-verily-1746729894
WIRED: Google’s Verily Is Spinning Off ‘Verb,’ a Secretive Robot-Surgery Startup
Alphabet’s Verily, née Google Life Sciences, has announced its first spinoff, a brand new robot-assisted surgery company.
http://www.wired.com/2015/12/googles-verily-is-spinning-off-verb-a-secretive-robot-surgery-startup/
Google Life Sciences Rebrands as Verily under Alphabet – Fortune
Vik Bajaj, CSO
http://fortune.com/2015/12/08/google-alphabet-verily/
Verily, I Swear, Google Life Sciences debuts a New Name
http://www.statnews.com/2015/12/07/verily-google-life-sciences-name/
Erika Check Hayden 21 October 2015
http://www.nature.com/news/why-biomedical-superstars-are-signing-on-with-google-1.18600
GOOGLE LIFE SCIENCES MAKES DIABETES ITS FIRST BIG TARGET
http://www.wired.com/2015/08/google-life-sciences-makes-diabetes-first-big-target/
GOOGLE WON THE INTERNET. NOW IT WANTS TO CURE DISEASES
http://www.wired.com/2015/08/google-won-internet-now-wants-cure-diseases/
Google Reveals Health-Tracking Wristband
Caroline Chen and Brian Womack
Google Moves to the Operating Room in Robotics Deal With J&J
ALISTAIR BARR and JOSEPH WALKER
http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2015/03/27/google-moves-to-the-operating-room-in-robotics-deal-with-jj/
Google, Biogen Seek Reasons for Advance of Multiple Sclerosis
January 27, 2015 — 9:00 AM EST
Google’s Newest Search: Cancer Cells
Google X Team Hopes to Develop Nanoparticles to Provide Early Detection of Cancer, Other Diseases
Updated Oct. 29, 2014 11:17 a.m. ET
A Spoon That Shakes To Counteract Hand Tremors
Updated May 14, 201411:43 AM ET
Google’s New Moonshot Project: the Human Body
Baseline Study to Try to Create Picture From the Project’s Findings
Updated July 27, 2014 7:24 p.m. ET
http://www.wsj.com/articles/google-to-collect-data-to-define-healthy-human-1406246214
Novartis Joins With Google to Develop Contact Lens That Monitors Blood Sugar
Google[x] searches for ways to boost cancer immunotherapy
http://news.sciencemag.org/math/2015/01/googlex-searches-ways-boost-cancer-immunotherapy
SOURCE
Part II: Innovations at a Different Scale: GDE Enterprises
A Case in Point of Healthcare in Focus –
Work-in-Progress
Diabetic Retinopathy
Posted in Auditory and vision, Blindness, Clinical & Translational, Curation, Diabetes Mellitus, Disease Biology, Disease Biology, Small Molecules in Development of Therapeutic Drugs, Endocrine Diseases, Immunology, Immunotherapy, Innovations, International Global Work in Pharmaceutical, Monoclonal antibody therapy, tagged Blindness, diabetic retinopathy, monoclonal antibody, Pharmaceutical, ranibizumab (Lucentis) on November 16, 2015| Leave a Comment »
Diabetic Retinopathy
Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Curator
LPBI
Lucentis effective for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
NIH-funded clinical trial marks first major advance in therapy in 40 years.
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/lucentis-effective-proliferative-diabetic-retinopathy

Abnormal blood vessels bleeding into the center of the eye due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
A clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health has found that the drug ranibizumab (Lucentis) is highly effective in treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The trial, conducted by the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net) compared Lucentis with a type of laser therapy called panretinal or scatter photocoagulation, which has remained the gold standard for proliferative diabetic retinopathy since the mid-1970s. The findings demonstrate the first major therapy advance in nearly 40 years.
“These latest results from the DRCR Network provide crucial evidence for a safe and effective alternative to laser therapy against proliferative diabetic retinopathy,” said Paul A. Sieving, M.D., Ph.D., director of NIH’s National Eye Institute (NEI), which funded the trial. The results were published online today in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Treating abnormal retinal blood vessels with laser therapy became the standard treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy after the NEI announced results of the Diabetic Retinopathy Study in 1976. Although laser therapy effectively preserves central vision, it can damage night and side vision; so, researchers have sought therapies that work as well or better than laser but without such side effects.
A complication of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy can damage blood vessels in the light-sensitive retina in the back of the eye. As the disease worsens, blood vessels may swell, become distorted and lose their ability to function properly. Diabetic retinopathy becomes proliferative when lack of blood flow in the retina increases production of a substance called vascular endothelial growth factor, which can stimulate the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels. These new vessels are prone to bleeding into the center of the eye, often requiring a surgical procedure called a vitrectomy to clear the blood. The abnormal blood vessels can also cause scarring and retinal detachment. Lucentis is among several drugs that block the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor.
About 7.7 million U.S. residents have diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness among working-age Americans. Among these, about 1.5 percent have PDR.
The DRCR.net enrolled 305 participants (394 eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in one or both eyes at 55 clinical sites across the country. Eyes were assigned randomly to treatment with Lucentis or laser. For participants who enrolled both eyes in the study, one eye was assigned to the laser group and the other was assigned to the Lucentis group. About half of the eyes assigned to the laser group required more than one round of laser treatment. In the other group, Lucentis (0.5 mg/0.05 ml) was given via injections into the eye once per month for three consecutive months, and then as needed until the disease resolved or stabilized.
Because Lucentis is commonly used to treat diabetic macular edema—the build-up of fluid in the central area of the retina—the study permitted the use of Lucentis for diabetic macular edema in the laser group, if necessary. Slightly more than half (53 percent) of eyes in the laser group received Lucentis injections to treat diabetic macular edema. About 6 percent of eyes in the Lucentis group received laser therapy, mostly to treat retinal detachment or bleeding.
At two years, vision in the Lucentis group improved by about half a line on an eye chart compared with virtually no change in the laser group. There was little change in side vision with injection (average worsening of 23 decibels) but a substantial loss of side vision with laser (average worsening of 422 decibels). The vitrectomy rate was lower in the Lucentis group (8 of 191 eyes) than in the laser group (30 of 203 eyes).
Rates of serious systemic adverse events, including cardiac arrest and stroke, were similar between the two groups. One patient in the Lucentis group developed endophthalmitis, an infection in the eye. Other side effects were low, with little difference between treatment groups.
“Lucentis should be considered a viable treatment option for people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, especially for individuals needing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular edema,” said Jeffrey G. Gross, M.D., of the Carolina Retina Center in Columbia, South Carolina, who chaired the study. Dr. Gross presented results November 13, 2015, at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology in Las Vegas.
In addition to treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the report suggests Lucentis may even help prevent diabetic macular edema from occurring. Among people without diabetic macular edema at the start of the study, only 9 percent of Lucentis-treated eyes developed diabetic macular edema during the study, compared with 28 percent in the laser group. The DRCR.net will continue to follow patients in this study for a total of five years.
The DRCR.net is dedicated to facilitating multicenter clinical research of diabetic eye disease. The network formed in 2002 and comprises more than 350 physicians practicing at more than 140 clinical sites across the country. For more information, visit the DRCR.net website at http://drcrnet.jaeb.org/(link is external).
The study was funded by NEI grants EY14231, EY23207, EY18817.
Lucentis was provided by Genentech. Additional research funding for this study was provided by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, also a part of the NIH.
The study is registered as NCT01489189 at ClinicalTrials.gov(link is external).
The NEI provides information about diabetic eye disease at http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/diabetic/.
Information about diabetes is available through the National Diabetes Education Program, www.ndep.nih.gov/.
View an NEI video about the study at https://youtu.be/jPoCIa0_1po(link is external).
Novartis – Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Posted in Curation, Diabetes Mellitus, FDA Regulatory Affairs, Intellectual Property, Innovations, Commercialization, Investment in technological breakthrough, International Global Work in Pharmaceutical, Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Industry Competitive Intelligence, tagged SGLT, T2DM on November 16, 2015| Leave a Comment »
Novartis – Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Curator
LPBI
LIK 066, NOVARTIS, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
by DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO Ph.D

LIK-066
C23 H28 O7 . 2 C6 H11 N O, 642.7795
(1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-4-ethylphenyl]-D-glucitol bis[1-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanone]
(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-ylmethyl)-4- ethyl-phenyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3,4,5-triol
Sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor
SGLT 1/2 inhibitor
Novartis Ag innovator
LIK-066 is in phase II clinical studies at Novartis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
In June 2014, the EMA’s PDCO adopted a positive opinion on a pediatric investigation plan (PIP) for LIK-066 for type 2 diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent or persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) and other signs, as distinct from a single disease or condition. Glucose level abnormalities can result in serious long-term complications, which include cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, retinal damage, nerve damage (of several kinds), microvascular damage and obesity.
Type 1 diabetes, also known as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), is characterized by loss of the insulin-producing β-cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas leading to a deficiency of insulin. Type-2 diabetes previously known as adult- onset diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes, or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) – is due to a combination of increased hepatic glucose output, defective insulin secretion, and insulin resistance or reduced insulin sensitivity (defective responsiveness of tissues to insulin). Chronic hyperglycemia can also lead to onset or progression of glucose toxicity characterized by decrease in insulin secretion from β-cell, insulin sensitivity; as a result diabetes mellitus is self-exacerbated [Diabetes Care, 1990, 13, 610].
Chronic elevation of blood glucose level also leads to damage of blood vessels. In diabetes, the resultant problems are grouped under “microvascular disease” (due to damage of small blood vessels) and “macro vascular disease” (due to damage of the arteries). Examples of microvascular disease include diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy, while examples of macrovascular disease include coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetic myonecrosis.
Diabetic retinopathy, characterized by the growth of weakened blood vessels in the retina as well as macular edema (swelling of the macula), can lead to severe vision loss or blindness. Retinal damage (from microangiopathy) makes it the most common cause of blindness among non-elderly adults in the US. Diabetic neuropathy is characterized by compromised nerve function in the lower extremities. When combined with damaged blood vessels, diabetic neuropathy can lead to diabetic foot. Other forms of diabetic neuropathy may present as mononeuritis or autonomic neuropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by damage to the kidney, which can lead to chronic renal failure, eventually requiring dialysis. Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of l adult kidney failure worldwide. A high glycemic diet (i.e., a diet that consists of meals that give high postprandial blood sugar) is known to be one of the causative factors contributing to the development of obesity.
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and/or inadequate insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose level. Therapies for type 2 diabetes are targeted towards increasing insulin sensitivity (such as TZDs), hepatic glucose utilization (such as biguanides), directly modifying insulin levels (such as insulin, insulin analogs, and insulin secretagogues), increasing increttn hormone action (such as exenatide and sitagliptin), or inhibiting glucose absorption from the diet (such as alpha glucosidase inhibitors) [Nature 2001 , 414, 821-827],
Glucose is unable to diffuse across the cell membrane and requires transport proteins. The transport of glucose into epithelial cells is mediated by a secondary active cotransport system, the sodium-D-glucose co-transporter (SGLT), driven by a sodium- gradient generated by the Na+/K+-ATPase. Glucose accumulated in the epithelial cell is further transported into the blood across the membrane by facilitated diffusion through GLUT transporters [Kidney International 2007, 72, S27-S35].
SGLT belongs to the sodium/glucose co-transporter family SLCA5. Two different SGLT isoforms, SGLT1 and SGLT2, have been identified to mediate renal tubular glucose reabsorption in humans [Curr. Opinon in Investigational Drugs (2007): 8(4), 285-292 and references cited herein]. Both of them are characterized by their different substrate affinity. Although both of them show 59% homology in their amino acid sequence, they are functionally different. SGLT1 transports glucose as well as galactose, and is expressed both in the kidney and in the intestine, while SGLT2 is found exclusively in the S1 and S2 segments of the renal proximal tubule. As a consequence, glucose filtered in the glomerulus is reabsorbed into the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells by SGLT2, a low-affinity/high-capacity system, residing on the surface of epithelial cell lining in S1 and S2 tubular segments. Much smaller amounts of glucose are recovered by SGLT1 , as a high-affinity/low-capacity system, on the more distal segment of the proximal tubule. In healthy human, more than 99% of plasma glucose that is filtered in the kidney glomerulus is reabsorbed, resulting in less than 1 % of the total filtered glucose being excreted in urine. It is estimated that 90% of total renal glucose absorption is facilitated by SGLT2; remaining 10 % is likely mediated by SGLT1 [J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 2004, 28, 364-371]. SGLT2 was cloned as a candidate sodium glucose co-transporter, and its tissue distribution, substrate specificity, and affinities are reportedly very similar to those of the low-affinity sodium glucose co-transporter in the renal proximal tubule. A drug with a mode of action of SGLT2 inhibition will be a novel and complementary approach to existing classes of medication for diabetes and its associated diseases to meet the patient’s needs for both blood glucose control, while preserving insulin secretion. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors which lead to loss of excess glucose (and thereby excess calories) may have additional potential for the treatment of obesity.
Indeed small molecule SGLT2 inhibitors have been discovered and the anti-diabetic therapeutic potential of such molecules has been reported in literature [T-1095 (Diabetes, 1999, 48, 1794-1800, Dapagliflozin (Diabetes, 2008, 57, 1723-1729)].
PATENT WO 2011048112
https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011048112A1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): δ 1.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H), 2.57 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.34- 3.50 (m, 4H), 3.68 (dd, J = 12.0, 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.85-3.91 (m, 3H), 4.08 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.17 (s, 4H), 6.53-6.58 (m, 2H), 6.68 (d, J – 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 3H).
MS (ES) m z 434.2 (M+18).
REF
Pediatric investigation plan (PIP) decision: (S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid compound with (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(3-((2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)methyl)-4-ethylphenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (2:1) ( LIK066) (EMEA-001527-PIP01-13)
European Medicines Agency (EMA) Web Site 2014, July 24
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) assessment of LIK066 in healthy subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (NCT01407003)
ClinicalTrials.gov Web Site 2011, August 07













