Archive for the ‘Personalized Medicine Coalition’ Category

Global Alliance for Genomics and Health Issues Guidelines for Data Siloing and Sharing

Posted in Advanced Computing Platform, and Bioethics, Artificial Intelligence - Breakthroughs in Theories and Technologies, Artificial Intelligence Applications in Health Care, Big Data, Bio-Ethics, BioBanking, BioIT: BioInformatics, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, Biotechnology, Genome Biology, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Health Law & Patient Safety, Health Law Policy, Intelligent Information Systems, Machine Learning, Personalized and Precision Medicine & Genomic Research, Personalized Medicine Coalition, tagged @science 2_0, Big data, biomedical, Cancer - General, curated database, data networks, data silos, European Union, GA4GH, Genomic data, genomics, NGS, Open data, scientific collaboration on December 14, 2021| Leave a Comment »

Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

From: Heidi Rheim et al. GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare. (2021): Cell Genomics, Volume 1 Issue 2.

Source: DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100029

Highlights

• Siloing genomic data in institutions/jurisdictions limits learning and knowledge
• GA4GH policy frameworks enable responsible genomic data sharing
• GA4GH technical standards ensure interoperability, broad access, and global benefits
• Data sharing across research and healthcare will extend the potential of genomics

Summary

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) aims to accelerate biomedical advances by enabling the responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches. The decreasing cost of genomic sequencing (along with other genome-wide molecular assays) and increasing evidence of its clinical utility will soon drive the generation of sequence data from tens of millions of humans, with increasing levels of diversity. In this perspective, we present the GA4GH strategies for addressing the major challenges of this data revolution. We describe the GA4GH organization, which is fueled by the development efforts of eight Work Streams and informed by the needs of 24 Driver Projects and other key stakeholders. We present the GA4GH suite of secure, interoperable technical standards and policy frameworks and review the current status of standards, their relevance to key domains of research and clinical care, and future plans of GA4GH. Broad international participation in building, adopting, and deploying GA4GH standards and frameworks will catalyze an unprecedented effort in data sharing that will be critical to advancing genomic medicine and ensuring that all populations can access its benefits.

The GA4GH organization and its strategies for addressing challenges of clinical and genomic #dataSharing https://t.co/a61HVLiKyD pic.twitter.com/ngdwecwEcd

— NCI Genomics (@NCIgenomics) November 17, 2021

In order for genomic and personalized medicine to come to fruition it is imperative that data siloes around the world are broken down, allowing the international collaboration for the collection, storage, transferring, accessing and analying of molecular and health-related data.

We had talked on this site in numerous articles about the problems data siloes produce. By data siloes we are meaning that collection and storage of not only DATA but intellectual thought are being held behind physical, electronic, and intellectual walls and inacessible to other scientisits not belonging either to a particular institituion or even a collaborative network.

Scientific Curation Fostering Expert Networks and Open Innovation: Lessons from Clive Thompson and others

Standardization and harmonization of data is key to this effort to sharing electronic records. The EU has taken bold action in this matter. The following section is about the General Data Protection Regulation of the EU and can be found at the following link:

https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection/data-protection-eu_en

Fundamental rights

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights stipulates that EU citizens have the right to protection of their personal data.

Protection of personal data

Legislation

The data protection package adopted in May 2016 aims at making Europe fit for the digital age. More than 90% of Europeans say they want the same data protection rights across the EU and regardless of where their data is processed.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. This text includes the corrigendum published in the OJEU of 23 May 2018.

The regulation is an essential step to strengthen individuals’ fundamental rights in the digital age and facilitate business by clarifying rules for companies and public bodies in the digital single market. A single law will also do away with the current fragmentation in different national systems and unnecessary administrative burdens.

The regulation entered into force on 24 May 2016 and applies since 25 May 2018. More information for companies and individuals.

Information about the incorporation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) into the EEA Agreement.

EU Member States notifications to the European Commission under the GDPR

The Data Protection Law Enforcement Directive

Directive (EU) 2016/680 on the protection of natural persons regarding processing of personal data connected with criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data.

The directive protects citizens’ fundamental right to data protection whenever personal data is used by criminal law enforcement authorities for law enforcement purposes. It will in particular ensure that the personal data of victims, witnesses, and suspects of crime are duly protected and will facilitate cross-border cooperation in the fight against crime and terrorism.

The directive entered into force on 5 May 2016 and EU countries had to transpose it into their national law by 6 May 2018.

The following paper by the organiztion The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health discusses these types of collaborative efforts to break down data silos in personalized medicine. This organization has over 2000 subscribers in over 90 countries encompassing over 60 organizations.

Enabling responsible genomic data sharing for the benefit of human health

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is a policy-framing and technical standards-setting organization, seeking to enable responsible genomic data sharing within a human rights framework.

he Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is an international, nonprofit alliance formed in 2013 to accelerate the potential of research and medicine to advance human health. Bringing together 600+ leading organizations working in healthcare, research, patient advocacy, life science, and information technology, the GA4GH community is working together to create frameworks and standards to enable the responsible, voluntary, and secure sharing of genomic and health-related data. All of our work builds upon the Framework for Responsible Sharing of Genomic and Health-Related Data.

GA4GH Connect is a five-year strategic plan that aims to drive uptake of standards and frameworks for genomic data sharing within the research and healthcare communities in order to enable responsible sharing of clinical-grade genomic data by 2022. GA4GH Connect links our Work Streams with Driver Projects—real-world genomic data initiatives that help guide our development efforts and pilot our tools.

From the article on Cell Genomics GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare

Source: Open Access DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100029PlumX Metrics

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is a worldwide alliance of genomics researchers, data scientists, healthcare practitioners, and other stakeholders. We are collaborating to establish policy frameworks and technical standards for responsible, international sharing of genomic and other molecular data as well as related health data. Founded in 2013,³ the GA4GH community now consists of more than 1,000 individuals across more than 90 countries working together to enable broad sharing that transcends the boundaries of any single institution or country (see https://www.ga4gh.org).In this perspective, we present the strategic goals of GA4GH and detail current strategies and operational approaches to enable responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data, through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches, to advance genomic medicine and research. We describe technical and policy development activities of the eight GA4GH Work Streams and implementation activities across 24 real-world genomic data initiatives (“Driver Projects”). We review how GA4GH is addressing the major areas in which genomics is currently deployed including rare disease, common disease, cancer, and infectious disease. Finally, we describe differences between genomic sequence data that are generated for research versus healthcare purposes, and define strategies for meeting the unique challenges of responsibly enabling access to data acquired in the clinical setting.

GA4GH organization

GA4GH has partnered with 24 real-world genomic data initiatives (Driver Projects) to ensure its standards are fit for purpose and driven by real-world needs. Driver Projects make a commitment to help guide GA4GH development efforts and pilot GA4GH standards (see Table 2). Each Driver Project is expected to dedicate at least two full-time equivalents to GA4GH standards development, which takes place in the context of GA4GH Work Streams (see Figure 1). Work Streams are the key production teams of GA4GH, tackling challenges in eight distinct areas across the data life cycle (see Box 1). Work Streams consist of experts from their respective sub-disciplines and include membership from Driver Projects as well as hundreds of other organizations across the international genomics and health community.

Box 1GA4GH Work Stream focus areasThe GA4GH Work Streams are the key production teams of the organization. Each tackles a specific area in the data life cycle, as described below (URLs listed in the web resources).

• (1)Data use & researcher identities: Develops ontologies and data models to streamline global access to datasets generated in any country^9,10
• (2)Genomic knowledge standards: Develops specifications and data models for exchanging genomic variant observations and knowledge¹⁸
• (3)Cloud: Develops federated analysis approaches to support the statistical rigor needed to learn from large datasets
• (4)Data privacy & security: Develops guidelines and recommendations to ensure identifiable genomic and phenotypic data remain appropriately secure without sacrificing their analytic potential
• (5)Regulatory & ethics: Develops policies and recommendations for ensuring individual-level data are interoperable with existing norms and follow core ethical principles
• (6)Discovery: Develops data models and APIs to make data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR)
• (7)Clinical & phenotypic data capture & exchange: Develops data models to ensure genomic data is most impactful through rich metadata collected in a standardized way
• (8)Large-scale genomics: Develops APIs and file formats to ensure harmonized technological platforms can support large-scale computing

For more articles on Open Access, Science 2.0, and Data Networks for Genomics on this Open Access Scientific Journal see:

Scientific Curation Fostering Expert Networks and Open Innovation: Lessons from Clive Thompson and others

Icelandic Population Genomic Study Results by deCODE Genetics come to Fruition: Curation of Current genomic studies

eScientific Publishing a Case in Point: Evolution of Platform Architecture Methodologies and of Intellectual Property Development (Content Creation by Curation) Business Model 

UK Biobank Makes Available 200,000 whole genomes Open Access

Systems Biology Analysis of Transcription Networks, Artificial Intelligence, and High-End Computing Coming to Fruition in Personalized Oncology

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#TUBiol5227: Biomarkers & Biotargets: Genetic Testing and Bioethics

Posted in and Bioethics, Bio-Ethics, BioBanking, BioIT: BioInformatics, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, Biological Networks, Biomarkers & Medical Diagnostics, BioSimilars, Biotechnology, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Cancer and Current Therapeutics, Cancer Genomics, Clinical Diagnostics, Clinical Genomics, Conference Coverage with Social Media, Ethics and Leadership, FDA, FDA Regulatory Affairs, Federal Budget Appropriations, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Health Law Policy, Healthcare costs and reimbursement, Intellectual Property, Innovations, Commercialization, Investment in technological breakthrough, interventional oncology, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Patent Law in Biotech, Patents, Patient Experience, Personal Health Applications: Tech Innovations serves HealhCare, Personalized and Precision Medicine & Genomic Research, Personalized Medicine Coalition, Precision Cancer Medicine, Regulated Clinical Trials: Design, Methods, Components and IRB related issues, Voices of Patients and Healthcare Providers, tagged #TUBiol5227, bioethics, biomarkers, Drug development, FDA, healthcare, insurers, legal, Patient, payers, physician-patient, Regulatory on September 28, 2021| Leave a Comment »

#TUBiol5227: Biomarkers & Biotargets: Genetic Testing and Bioethics

Curator: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

The advent of direct to consumer (DTC) genetic testing and the resultant rapid increase in its popularity as well as companies offering such services has created some urgent and unique bioethical challenges surrounding this niche in the marketplace. At first, most DTC companies like 23andMe and Ancestry.com offered non-clinical or non-FDA approved genetic testing as a way for consumers to draw casual inferences from their DNA sequence and existence of known genes that are linked to disease risk, or to get a glimpse of their familial background. However, many issues arose, including legal, privacy, medical, and bioethical issues. Below are some articles which will explain and discuss many of these problems associated with the DTC genetic testing market as well as some alternatives which may exist.

‘Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market to hit USD 2.5 Bn by 2024’ by Global Market Insights

This post has the following link to the market analysis of the DTC market (https://www.gminsights.com/pressrelease/direct-to-consumer-dtc-genetic-testing-market). Below is the highlights of the report.

As you can see,this market segment appears to want to expand into the nutritional consulting business as well as targeted biomarkers for specific diseases.

Rising incidence of genetic disorders across the globe will augment the market growth

Increasing prevalence of genetic disorders will propel the demand for direct-to-consumer genetic testing and will augment industry growth over the projected timeline. Increasing cases of genetic diseases such as breast cancer, achondroplasia, colorectal cancer and other diseases have elevated the need for cost-effective and efficient genetic testing avenues in the healthcare market.
 

For instance, according to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), in 2018, over 2 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed across the globe. Also, breast cancer is stated as the second most commonly occurring cancer. Availability of superior quality and advanced direct-to-consumer genetic testing has drastically reduced the mortality rates in people suffering from cancer by providing vigilant surveillance data even before the onset of the disease. Hence, the aforementioned factors will propel the direct-to-consumer genetic testing market overt the forecast timeline.
 

Get more details on this report – Request Free Sample PDF
 

Nutrigenomic Testing will provide robust market growth

The nutrigenomic testing segment was valued over USD 220 million market value in 2019 and its market will witness a tremendous growth over 2020-2028. The growth of the market segment is attributed to increasing research activities related to nutritional aspects. Moreover, obesity is another major factor that will boost the demand for direct-to-consumer genetic testing market.
 

Nutrigenomics testing enables professionals to recommend nutritional guidance and personalized diet to obese people and help them to keep their weight under control while maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Hence, above mentioned factors are anticipated to augment the demand and adoption rate of direct-to-consumer genetic testing through 2028.
 

Browse key industry insights spread across 161 pages with 126 market data tables & 10 figures & charts from the report, “Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing Market Size By Test Type (Carrier Testing, Predictive Testing, Ancestry & Relationship Testing, Nutrigenomics Testing), By Distribution Channel (Online Platforms, Over-the-Counter), By Technology (Targeted Analysis, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Chips, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)), Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Application Potential, Price Trends, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2020 – 2028” in detail along with the table of contents:
https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/direct-to-consumer-dtc-genetic-testing-market
 

Targeted analysis techniques will drive the market growth over the foreseeable future

Based on technology, the DTC genetic testing market is segmented into whole genome sequencing (WGS), targeted analysis, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. The targeted analysis market segment is projected to witness around 12% CAGR over the forecast period. The segmental growth is attributed to the recent advancements in genetic testing methods that has revolutionized the detection and characterization of genetic codes.
 

Targeted analysis is mainly utilized to determine any defects in genes that are responsible for a disorder or a disease. Also, growing demand for personalized medicine amongst the population suffering from genetic diseases will boost the demand for targeted analysis technology. As the technology is relatively cheaper, it is highly preferred method used in direct-to-consumer genetic testing procedures. These advantages of targeted analysis are expected to enhance the market growth over the foreseeable future.
 

Over-the-counter segment will experience a notable growth over the forecast period

The over-the-counter distribution channel is projected to witness around 11% CAGR through 2028. The segmental growth is attributed to the ease in purchasing a test kit for the consumers living in rural areas of developing countries. Consumers prefer over-the-counter distribution channel as they are directly examined by regulatory agencies making it safer to use, thereby driving the market growth over the forecast timeline.
 

Favorable regulations provide lucrative growth opportunities for direct-to-consumer genetic testing

Europe direct-to-consumer genetic testing market held around 26% share in 2019 and was valued at around USD 290 million. The regional growth is due to elevated government spending on healthcare to provide easy access to genetic testing avenues. Furthermore, European regulatory bodies are working on improving the regulations set on the direct-to-consumer genetic testing methods. Hence, the above-mentioned factors will play significant role in the market growth.
 

Focus of market players on introducing innovative direct-to-consumer genetic testing devices will offer several growth opportunities

Few of the eminent players operating in direct-to-consumer genetic testing market share include Ancestry, Color Genomics, Living DNA, Mapmygenome, Easy DNA, FamilytreeDNA (Gene By Gene), Full Genome Corporation, Helix OpCo LLC, Identigene, Karmagenes, MyHeritage, Pathway genomics, Genesis Healthcare, and 23andMe. These market players have undertaken various business strategies to enhance their financial stability and help them evolve as leading companies in the direct-to-consumer genetic testing industry.
 

For example, in November 2018, Helix launched a new genetic testing product, DNA discovery kit, that allows customer to delve into their ancestry. This development expanded the firm’s product portfolio, thereby propelling industry growth in the market.

The following posts discuss bioethical issues related to genetic testing and personalized medicine from a clinicians and scientisit’s perspective

Question: Each of these articles discusses certain bioethical issues although focuses on personalized medicine and treatment. Given your understanding of the robust process involved in validating clinical biomarkers and the current state of the DTC market, how could DTC testing results misinform patients and create mistrust in the physician-patient relationship?

Personalized Medicine, Omics, and Health Disparities in Cancer:  Can Personalized Medicine Help Reduce the Disparity Problem?

Diversity and Health Disparity Issues Need to be Addressed for GWAS and Precision Medicine Studies

Genomics & Ethics: DNA Fragments are Products of Nature or Patentable Genes?

The following posts discuss the bioethical concerns of genetic testing from a patient’s perspective:

Ethics Behind Genetic Testing in Breast Cancer: A Webinar by Laura Carfang of survivingbreastcancer.org

Ethical Concerns in Personalized Medicine: BRCA1/2 Testing in Minors and Communication of Breast Cancer Risk

23andMe Product can be obtained for Free from a new app called Genes for Good: UMich’s Facebook-based Genomics Project

Question: If you are developing a targeted treatment with a companion diagnostic, what bioethical concerns would you address during the drug development process to ensure fair, equitable and ethical treatment of all patients, in trials as well as post market?

Articles on Genetic Testing, Companion Diagnostics and Regulatory Mechanisms

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services announced that the federal healthcare program will cover the costs of cancer gene tests that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration

Real Time Coverage @BIOConvention #BIO2019: Genome Editing and Regulatory Harmonization: Progress and Challenges

New York Times vs. Personalized Medicine? PMC President: Times’ Critique of Streamlined Regulatory Approval for Personalized Treatments ‘Ignores Promising Implications’ of Field

Live Conference Coverage @Medcitynews Converge 2018 Philadelphia: Early Diagnosis Through Predictive Biomarkers, NonInvasive Testing

Protecting Your Biotech IP and Market Strategy: Notes from Life Sciences Collaborative 2015 Meeting

Question: What type of regulatory concerns should one have during the drug development process in regards to use of biomarker testing? From the last article on Protecting Your IP how important is it, as a drug developer, to involve all payers during the drug development process?

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Role of Informatics in Precision Medicine: Can It Drive the Next Cost Efficiencies in Oncology Care?

Posted in Artificial Intelligence - Breakthroughs in Theories and Technologies, Artificial Intelligence - General, Artificial Intelligence Applications in Health Care, Big Data, BioIT: BioInformatics, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, Cancer - General, Cancer and Current Therapeutics, Cancer Informatics, Computational Biology/Systems and Bioinformatics, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, HealthCare IT, Intelligent Information Systems, interventional oncology, Patient-centered Medicine, Personalized Medicine Coalition, Precision Cancer Medicine, Uncategorized, tagged Big data, Cancer Care, cancer cost, cancer database, cancer outcomes, cancer patient management, Health Information Technology, healthcare costs, healthcare innovation, healthcare IT, informatics, innovation in healthcare, Machine Learning, value based medicine on January 3, 2019| Leave a Comment »

Role of Informatics in Precision Medicine: Notes from Boston Healthcare Webinar: Can It Drive the Next Cost Efficiencies in Oncology Care?

Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

 

Boston Healthcare sponsored a Webinar recently entitled ” Role of Informatics in Precision Medicine: Implications for Innovators”.  The webinar focused on the different informatic needs along the Oncology Care value chain from drug discovery through clinicians, C-suite executives and payers. The presentation, by Joseph Ferrara and Mark Girardi, discussed the specific informatics needs and deficiencies experienced by all players in oncology care and how innovators in this space could create value. The final part of the webinar discussed artificial intelligence and the role in cancer informatics.

 

Below is the mp4 video and audio for this webinar.  Notes on each of the slides with a few representative slides are also given below:

Please click below for the mp4 of the webinar:

 

 

• worldwide oncology related care to increase by 40% in 2020
• big movement to participatory care: moving decision making to the patient. Need for information
• cost components focused on clinical action
• use informatics before clinical stage might add value to cost chain

 

 

 

 

Key unmet needs from perspectives of different players in oncology care where informatics may help in decision making

 

 

 

1.   Needs of Clinicians

– informatic needs for clinical enrollment

– informatic needs for obtaining drug access/newer therapies

2.  Needs of C-suite/health system executives

– informatic needs to help focus of quality of care

– informatic needs to determine health outcomes/metrics

3.  Needs of Payers

– informatic needs to determine quality metrics and managing costs

– informatics needs to form guidelines

– informatics needs to determine if biomarkers are used consistently and properly

– population level data analytics

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What are the kind of value innovations that tech entrepreneurs need to create in this space? Two areas/problems need to be solved.

• innovations in data depth and breadth
• need to aggregate information to inform intervention

Different players in value chains have different data needs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Data Depth: Cumulative Understanding of disease

Data Depth: Cumulative number of oncology transactions

• technology innovators rely on LEGACY businesses (those that already have technology) and these LEGACY businesses either have data breath or data depth BUT NOT BOTH; (IS THIS WHERE THE GREATEST VALUE CAN BE INNOVATED?)
• NEED to provide ACTIONABLE as well as PHENOTYPIC/GENOTYPIC DATA
• data depth more important in clinical setting as it drives solutions and cost effective interventions.  For example Foundation Medicine, who supplies genotypic/phenotypic data for patient samples supplies high data depth
• technologies are moving to data support
• evidence will need to be tied to umbrella value propositions
• Informatic solutions will have to prove outcome benefit

 

 

 

 

 

How will Machine Learning be involved in the healthcare value chain?

• increased emphasis on real time datasets – CONSTANT UPDATES NEED TO OCCUR. THIS IS NOT HAPPENING BUT VALUED BY MANY PLAYERS IN THIS SPACE
• Interoperability of DATABASES Important!  Many Players in this space don’t understand the complexities integrating these datasets

Other Articles on this topic of healthcare informatics, value based oncology, and healthcare IT on this OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL include:

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services announced that the federal healthcare program will cover the costs of cancer gene tests that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration

Broad Institute launches Merkin Institute for Transformative Technologies in Healthcare

HealthCare focused AI Startups from the 100 Companies Leading the Way in A.I. Globally

Paradoxical Findings in HealthCare Delivery and Outcomes: Economics in MEDICINE – Original Research by Anupam “Bapu” Jena, the Ruth L. Newhouse Associate Professor of Health Care Policy at HMS

Google & Digital Healthcare Technology

Can Blockchain Technology and Artificial Intelligence Cure What Ails Biomedical Research and Healthcare

The Future of Precision Cancer Medicine, Inaugural Symposium, MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, December 13, 2018, 8AM-6PM, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA

Live Conference Coverage @Medcity Converge 2018 Philadelphia: Oncology Value Based Care and Patient Management

2016 BioIT World: Track 5 – April 5 – 7, 2016 Bioinformatics Computational Resources and Tools to Turn Big Data into Smart Data

The Need for an Informatics Solution in Translational Medicine

 

 

 

 

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LIVE eProceedings Day Two – The 14th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference: The Business of Personalization, November 15, 2018, HMS, Boston

Posted in Conference Coverage with Social Media, Patient-centered Medicine, Personalized and Precision Medicine & Genomic Research, Personalized Medicine Coalition on November 15, 2018| Leave a Comment »

LIVE eProceedings Day Two – The 14th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference: The Business of Personalization, November 15, 2018, HMS, Boston

Real Time Coverage: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

PART II

 

The Business of Personalization

“The successful implementation of [personalized medicine] will depend on the embrace of [its] principles in the business community.”

— RAJU KUCHERLAPATI, PH.D.
Paul C. Cabot Professor of Genetics, Harvard Medical School

*** Speakers will be added to the schedule on a rolling basis as they are confirmed. ***

7:00 a.m.

Registration and Continental Breakfast

Joseph B. Martin Conference Center at Harvard Medical School
77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115

8:00 a.m.

Opening Remarks

SPEAKER | Stephen L. Eck, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Medical Officer, Immatics U.S. Inc; Board Chair, Personalized Medicine Coalition

8:10 a.m.

Pioneering Precision: Inside the Pharmaceutical Industry’s Push Toward Personalized Medicine — A Fireside Chat

MODERATOR | Meg Tirrell, Reporter, CNBC

Daniel O’Day, CEO, Roche Pharmaceuticals

8:55 a.m.

Considering Costs: Evaluating Emerging Pharmaceutical and Insurance Industry Business Models in Personalized Medicine

The pharmaceutical industry is deeply invested in commercializing personalized therapies that must recoup fixed development costs from smaller patient populations covered by health insurance companies that are increasingly concerned about rising health care costs. In that context, this diverse panel will explore the viability of the business model for developing and paying for personalized medicines, tackling issues related to costs, prices, and access.

MODERATOR | Meg Tirrell, Reporter, CNBC

Peter Juhn, M.D., M.P.H., Global Head of Value-Based Partnerships, Amgen

Nick Leschly, CEO, Bluebird Bio

Michael Sherman, M.D., Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care

Sean Tunis, M.D., Founder, CEO, Center for Medical Technology Policy

9:55 a.m.

Networking Break

Light refreshments provided.

Sponsored By

10:25 a.m.

Reinventing Research: Are Adaptive Platform Trials the Model of the Future? (A Harvard Business School Case Study)

Recognizing that traditional randomized controlled clinical trials can only study the safety and efficacy of a single therapy in one large population of patients, researchers in personalized medicine increasingly hope that “adaptive platform trials,” which employ advanced statistical techniques to simultaneously test the effectiveness of several personalized treatments in multiple sub-populations of patients, may be the key to new drug approvals in the future. Adaptive platform trials may make drug development more efficient by revealing which of several drug candidates are most promising for which patients, but maximizing the potential of these trials requires unprecedented collaboration among the institutions conducting and sponsoring research on various personalized treatments — and no obvious business models have emerged.

During this interactive case study discussion, professors from Harvard Business School will help us examine how researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute considered and addressed myriad challenges in their effort to design and operationalize an adaptive platform trial for glioblastoma patients, a deadly disease state for which there are few existing treatment options.

PRESENTED BY

Richard Hamermesh, D.B.A., Co-Faculty Chair, Harvard Business School Kraft Precision Medicine Accelerator; and

Ariel D. Stern, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School

11:40 a.m.

The 14th Annual Leadership in Personalized Medicine Award

INTRODUCTION | Steven D. Averbuch, M.D., Vice President, Head of Precision Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb

• Ellen V. Sigal head of Friends of Cancer Research
• Advanced science by Diagnostics Tests
• Cancer Moonshot Program
• Revolution therapies brought to market by Sigel’s sponsorship

AWARDEE | Ellen V. Sigal, Ph.D., Chairperson, Founder, Friends of Cancer Research

Friendly conversation:

• Thanks to PMC
• sister die on breast cancer at 40 with child of 4 1/2.
• appointed to celebrate 20th year of American Cancer Association – Funding for Research, money spend in Washington is for Patients.
• After ten years, interested in measurement of achieving evaluation, FDA structure was of interest.
• Precision Medicine: biomarkers and targets for patients to define success for each patient, WHat is the right population for any drug, responders to drug therapy, if no response, change the drug.
• Patient perspective: Challenges: 90% are treated in the Community and they need a second opinion, insurance, access, clinical trials done out of the community in Academic hospitals – patients are scared to death. Patients are asking for options: Right testing, access to testing involve insurance
• combination therapy  – 6-8 months in advance,

12:10 p.m.

Bag Lunch

1:10 p.m.

Predicting and Preventing: Evaluating Progress Toward Personalized Medicine

The original architects of the personalized medicine paradigm envisioned an era in which clinicians could predict, prevent and treat disease based on an improved understanding of how human biology interacts with external environments. During this session, a panel of experts will examine our progress on each of these fronts during a wide-ranging conversation about personalized medicine’s past, present and future.

MODERATOR | Cynthia Casson Morton, Ph.D., William Lambert Richardson Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School

• 1 Million volunteer participants for genome sequencing and microbiome data
• PM Past, Present and Future
• Issues that are rapidly evolving: Physician, Patients

Birgit Funke, Ph.D., F.A.C.M.G., Vice President, Clinical Affairs, Veritas Genetics; Associate Professor of Pathology (Part-Time), Harvard Medical School

• Risk prevention,
• driving DOWN operating cost curation of the Genome

Luba Greenwood, J.D., Strategic Business Development and Corporate Ventures, Verily (an Alphabet company)

• view on diagnostics from Roche, CHemist and lawyer, Venture capital, beyond Genomics, from diagnosis to prognosis,at Verily projects tapping into the entire life span aspect of health
• treatment solution therapeutics except og Oncology threatment is a strugle in the genomics field and pharmaco-genomics
• Power the patients vs Genomics in Diabetes
• Diagnostics in use to keep patients OUT of hospitals – management of chronic diseases
• Patient need to own the genome data not a Databank

Keith Stewart, M.B., CH.B., Carlson and Nelson Endowed Director, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic

• Hematologist, genomics apply genomics for detection of predisposition, inherited , Health genome sequencing,
• Barriers to deploy genomics: Knowledge, readiness of providers, cost of uninsured,
• Diagnostics high value low cost
• drug adherence, pharmacists to be involved in drug adherence before refill

2:10 p.m.

Assessing the Assays: Determining the Clinical and Economic Utility of Genomic Sequencing

Advocates for personalized medicine have contended that genomic sequencing can deliver clinical and economic value to patients and the health system by allowing providers to more efficiently diagnose disease and develop treatment plans. Following increased use of genomic sequencing in clinical settings, many stakeholders, including payers, have begun to examine that value proposition more closely. During this session, a pharmaceutical industry representative, a payer, and a health economist will discuss the status and future of the emerging evidence regarding the clinical and economic utility of genomic sequencing, including studies recently commissioned by the Personalized Medicine Coalition.

MODERATOR | Daryl Pritchard, Ph.D., Senior Vice President, Science Policy, Personalized Medicine Coalition

• genetic profiling, adopt policy and procedures for mass deployment of NGS
• show that it works – demonstrate value, payers and providers
• a little more that evidence exist for payer to cover
• rare diagnosed disease

Kristine Bordenave, M.D., F.A.C.P., Corporate Medical Director, Humana

• labs, payers, providers, pharma — the GAP to be bridged
• opportunities to prevent and treat disease
• Payer, MDs, cost and impact, markers,
• Humana has a research division Use Testing to find value, pharmacogenomics  – on Medicare, Medicaid patients
• cost of doing the test vs not doing this test – assess value
• pharmacisit, economist, statisticians – CMS – provide data on what is covered and what is not Humana: any missed opportunities, MD order tests of no impact per medical record
• What test needed to be ordered? Patient stay healthy
• NGS $650 – $2000 in 2018, in 2016 it was $25,000 cost of testing, cost of drugs
• show us any value as good value – avoiding patient going to MDs Office, Hospital, ER – cost increase due to Pharmacogenomics testing $5K per test
• Guidelines on ordering genomic testing, AI can assist providers, MDs need to catch up on a weekly basis
• CMS Guideline: every test ordered must guide treatment otherwise not covered

Scott Ramsey, M.D., Ph.D., Full Member, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Director, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research

• Value and utility are interconnected
• cost effectiveness of NGS in melanoma: single gene testing – EGFR vs NGS – help clinicians to evaluate Lung Cancer
• Flariton Database, 300 centers  – 140,000 – Patients got NGS – 7% ADDITIONAL patients founded mutations beyond EGFR
• Survival in this cohort NGS vs EGFR – improved survival 6 month longer, mean survival 3 weeks long, not significant.
• Increased survivals, why? cost of sequencing  – #14 most influential – cost does not drive value
• #1 drug cost was the factor
• #2 survival
• marginal cost in platform comparison
• Pricing of Testing NGS and Targeted therapy represent a threat to adoption of Genomics in Medicine
• disparities and access – cost and patients: Partners and Mayo clinic patients are lucky

 

3:10 p.m.

PhRMA Foundation Challenge Awards: Developing Value Assessment Strategies That Align With Personalized Medicine

INTRODUCTION | Daryl Pritchard, Ph.D., Senior Vice President, Science Policy, Personalized Medicine Coalition

PRESENTER | Shreeram Aradhye, M.D., Head of Global Medical Affairs, Chief Medical Officer, Pharmaceuticals, Novartis; Board Member, PhRMA Foundation

#1 Prize $50,000 – Dr. Garrison, UK

#2 Prize $25,000 – Dr. Robim Hayeems, Hospital for Sick Children Institute, Toronto, Canada

#3 Prize @ $10,000  – Dr. A Le, PharmD., PhD, Western University of Health Sciences

3:20 p.m.

Networking Break

Light refreshments provided.

3:50 p.m.

Impasse or Inflection Point? — An Investment Analysis

Sustaining the pace of innovation in personalized medicine will require continued investment in new initiatives, but the financial outlook for the field remains unclear. In that context, this panel of investors will examine whether personalized medicine is at an impasse, an inflection point or somewhere in between.

MODERATOR | William A. Sahlman, Ph.D., Baker Foundation Professor, Harvard Business School

• market – can it sustain the opportunity – winners and losers
• innovative financial models
• Biotech IPO, VC, windows slam shut, drug failure – drivers and non
• Increasing return to scale: AI, NGS, screening, – foreign money, China
• Tsinghua University went back to China from Silicon Valley

Cary Pfeffer, M.D., Partner, Third Rock Ventures

• was a decade at Biogen, MS indication drug, no biomarkers for patients – efficacy was in 50% non respondents 25%
• Genomic sequencing to identify patient populations – no good effective medicine without target therapy
• Mayocardia – drug in CVD for patients identified by Genomics
• Genomics information needed to develop drugs

Michael Pellini, M.D., Managing Partner, Section 32; Board Member, Personalized Medicine Coalition

• Impasse or Inflection Point? it s Inflection Point NOT an Impasse
• Diagnostics component inside 4.8 Trillion in the therapeutics selection in the system as a whole
• Foundation Medicine saw Roche as Big brother with International reach
• Patients and Consumers will force in five years figuring out – every diagnosis of cancer will be sequenced and the infrastructure to interpret results and paid for

Salveen Richter, C.F.A., Vice President, Research Division, Goldman Sachs

• innovative and disruptive, orphan drugs, Health IT, US Market 3 trillion – size of the opportunity 80% genetically driven
• Cancer, CART therapy, easier to pay by performance, cost of the drug itself. profit in the 1st generation od Pharma manufacturers
• One time pricing vs further indications, annuity type system, Hemophilia – $19Million market,
• Europe successful in financing Health care — in the US — system must change – investment will flee, to fund pricing drug is key in changing the system CART Pricing is still difficult to pay for
• Sequencing cost plunged, public investors placing funding in start ups even without return in the horizon, companies with multiple modalities spurring innovation – confusing in the investment side, technologies become obsolete very fast
• Europe vs US, China is different no regulation like FDA,talent from US Pharma went back to China

 

4:50 p.m.

Closing Remarks

SPEAKER | Edward Abrahams, Ph.D., President, Personalized Medicine Coalition

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New York Times vs. Personalized Medicine? PMC President: Times’ Critique of Streamlined Regulatory Approval for Personalized Treatments ‘Ignores Promising Implications’ of Field

Posted in Personalized and Precision Medicine & Genomic Research, Personalized Medicine Coalition on June 13, 2018| Leave a Comment »

Contact: Christopher J. Wells Personalized Medicine Coalition cwells@personalizedmedicinecoalition.org 202-589-1770 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE   New York Times vs. Personalized Medicine? PMC President: Times’ Critique of Streamlined Regulatory Approval for Personalized Treatments ‘Ignores Promising Implications’ of Field WASHINGTON (June 13, 2018) — In response to an editorial published on June 9 by the New York Times titled “Easier Drug Approval, at What Price?,” Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC) President Edward Abrahams today defends a series of decisions by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over the last several years that have streamlined the regulatory review process for personalized medicines. “Unlike FDA, which has been an engine for innovation under the direction of Scott Gottlieb and his predecessors, ‘Easier Drug Approval, at What Price?’ ignores the promising implications of reforms in regulatory science that FDA has put in place to facilitate a new appreciation of how different individuals respond to selected treatments,” Abrahams said. As PMC underlined earlier this year in a report titled Personalized Medicine at FDA: 2017 Progress Report, personalized medicines now account for one of every four drugs the agency approves. The Times’ editorial, which was also published online under the headline “Easier Drug Approval Isn’t Cutting Drug Prices,” contends that “it’s not clear that people, as opposed to drug companies, are feeling much benefit” from the streamlined regulatory review pathways that bring personalized treatments to market faster. Abrahams disagrees, noting that in non-small cell lung cancer, for example, a disease that was nearly untreatable 20 years ago, there are now multiple drugs on the market that target a patient’s particular tumor. As indicated by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI), these treatments “improve the survival of subsets of patients with metastatic disease.” Furthermore, because targeted therapies zero in on specific cancerous mutations, doctors can use diagnostic tests to identify with much greater certainty the patients who will likely benefit from them, sparing expenses and side effects for those will not. That logic underpins FDA’s decision to streamline its regulatory processes, to ensure that patients who will benefit from promising targeted therapies — many of whom have few remaining options — can access those treatments without unnecessary delay. “By putting in place smarter policies to encourage the efficient development of personalized drugs whose safety and efficacy profiles are often higher than one-size-fits-all, trial-and-error treatments, FDA serves the interests not only of patients but also the health system, which spends too much money on ineffective treatments,” Abrahams said. To evaluate the American public’s interest in personalized medicine, PMC and GenomeWeb recently commissioned Public Perspectives on Personalized Medicine: A Survey of U.S. Public Opinion, which was published in May. Two-thirds of Americans indicated in the survey that they appreciate personalized medicine’s potential, and the majority expressed concerns about whether they will have access to personalized tests and treatments in the future. ### About the Personalized Medicine Coalition: The Personalized Medicine Coalition, representing innovators, scientists, patients, providers and payers, promotes the understanding and adoption of personalized medicine concepts, services and products to benefit patients and the health system. For more information, please visit www.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org.

SOURCE

From: “Christopher Wells (PMC)” <cwells@personalizedmedicinecoalition.org>

Date: Wednesday, June 13, 2018 at 3:15 PM

To: Aviva Lev-Ari <AvivaLev-Ari@alum.berkeley.edu>

Subject: Re: New York Times vs. Personalized Medicine?

 

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Geneticist George Church: A Future Without Limits

Posted in BioIT: BioInformatics, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, BioTechnology - Venture Creation, Genomic Testing: Methodology for Diagnosis, Interviews with Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs), Investment in Technological Breakthrough, Massachusetts Academy of Sciences (MAS)  , Molecular Genetics & Pharmaceutical, Personalized and Precision Medicine & Genomic Research, Personalized Medicine Coalition, Precision Cancer Medicine, RNA Biology, Cancer and Therapeutics, Scoop.it, Transcriptomics, Translational Science, tagged biotech, Exome sequencing, gene, George Church, MIT, Personalized medicine, precision medicine, variants, Venture capital, WES on October 24, 2014| Leave a Comment »

UPDATED 12/05/2020

 

In the future, George Church believes, almost everything will be better because of genetics. If you have a medical problem, your doctor will be able to customize a treatment based on your specific DNA pattern. When you fill up your car, you won’t be draining the world’s dwindling supply of crude oil, because the fuel will come from microbes that have been genetically altered to produce biofuel. When you visit the zoo, you’ll be able to take your children to the woolly mammoth or passenger pigeon exhibits, because these animals will no longer be extinct. You’ll be able to do these things, that is, if the future turns out the way Church envisions it—and he’s doing everything he can to see that it does.

UPDATED 12/05/2020

George Church backs a startup solution to the massive gene therapy manufacturing bottleneck

Source: https://endpts.com/george-church-backs-a-startup-solution-to-the-massive-gene-therapy-manufacturing-bottleneck/
Jason Mast: Associate Editor
George Church and his graduate students have spent the last decade seeding startups on the razor’s edge between biology and science fiction: gene therapy to prevent aging, CRISPRed pigs that can be used to harvest organs for transplant, and home kits to test your poop for healthy or unhealthy bacteria. (OK, maybe they’re not all on that razor’s edge.)

But now a new spinout from the Department of Genetics’ second floor is tackling a far humbler problem — one that major company after major company has stumbled over as they tried to get cures for rare diseases and other gene therapies into the clinic and past regulators: How the hell do you build these?

CEO Lex Vovner of 64x Bio

“There’s a lot happening for new therapies but not enough attention around this problem,” Lex Rovner, who was a post-doc at Church’s lab from 2015 to 2018, told Endpoints News. “And if we don’t figure out how to fix this, many of these therapies won’t even reach patients.”

This week, with Church and a couple other prominent scientists as co-founders, Rovner launched 64x Bio to tackle one key part of the manufacturing bottleneck. They won’t be looking to retrofit plants or build gene therapy factories, as Big Pharma and big biotech are now spending billions to do. Instead, with $4.5 million in seed cash, they will try to engineer the individual cells that churn out a critical component of the therapies.

George Church
The goal is to build cells that are fine-tuned to do nothing but spit out the viral vectors that researchers and drug developers use to shuttle gene therapies into the body. Different vectors have different demands; 64x Bio will look to make efficient cellular factories for each.

“While a few general ways to increase vector production may exist, each unique vector serotype and payload poses a specific challenge,” Church said in an emailed statement. “Our platform enables us to fine tune custom solutions for these distinct combinations that are particularly hard to overcome.”

Before joining Church’s lab, Rovner did her graduate work at Yale, where she studied how to engineer bacteria to produce new kinds of protein for drugs or other purposes. And after leaving Church’s lab in 2018, she initially set out to build a manufacturing startup with a broad focus.

Yet as she spoke with hundreds of biotech executives on LinkedIn and in coffee shops around Cambridge, the same issue kept popping up: They liked their gene therapy technology in the lab but they didn’t know how to scale it up.

“Everyone kept saying the same thing,” Rovner said. “We basically realized there’s this huge problem.”

The issue would soon make headlines in industry publications: bluebird delaying the launch of Zynteglo, Novartis delaying the launch of Zolgensma in the EU, Axovant delaying the start of their Parkinson’s trial.

Part of the problem, Rovner said, is that gene therapies are delivered on viral vectors. You can build these vectors in mammalian cell lines by feeding them a small circular strand of DNA called a plasmid. The problem is that mammalian cells have, over billions of years, evolved tools and defenses precisely to avoid making viruses. (Lest the mammal they live in die of infection).

There are genetic mutations that can turn off some of the internal defenses and unleash a cell’s ability to produce virus, but they’re rare and hard to find. Other platforms, Rovner said, try to find these mutations by using CRISPR to knock out genes in different cells and then screening each of them individually, a process that can require hundreds of thousands of different 100-well plates, with each well containing a different group of mutant cells.

“It’s just not practical, and so these platforms never find the cells,” Rovner said.

64x Bio will try to find them by building a library of millions of mutant mammalian cells and then using a molecular “barcoding” technique to screen those cells in a single pool. The technique, Rovner said, lets them trace how much vector any given cell produces, allowing researchers to quickly identify super-producing cells and their mutations.

The technology was developed partially in-house but draws from IP at Harvard and the Wyss Institute. Harvard’s Pam Silver and Wyss’s Jeffrey Way are co-founders.

The company is now based in SoMa in San Francisco. With the seed cash from Fifty Years, Refactor and First Round Capital, Rovner is recruiting and looking to raise a Series A soon. They’re in talks with pharma and biotech partners, while they try to validate the first preclinical and clinical applications.

Gene therapy is one focus, but Rovner said the platform works for anything that involves viral vector, including vaccines and oncolytic viruses. You just have to find the right mutation.

“It’s the rare cell you’re looking for,” she said.

AUTHOR
Jason Mast
Associate Editor
jason@endpointsnews.com
@JasonMMast
Jason Mas

In 2005 he launched the Personal Genome Project, with the goal of sequencing and sharing the DNA of 100,000 volunteers. With an open-source database of that size, he believes, researchers everywhere will be able to meaningfully pursue the critical task of correlating genetic patterns with physical traits, illnesses, and exposure to environmental factors to find new cures for diseases and to gain basic insights into what makes each of us the way we are. Church, tagged as subject hu43860C, was first in line for testing. Since then, more than 13,000 people in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. have volunteered to join him, helping to establish what he playfully calls the Facebook of DNA.

Church has made a career of defying the impossible. Propelled by the dizzying speed of technological advancement since then, the Personal Genome Project is just one of Church’s many attempts to overcome obstacles standing between him and the future.

“It’s not for everyone,” he says. “But I see a trend here. Openness has changed since many of us were young. People didn’t use to talk about sexuality or cancer in polite society. This is the Facebook generation.” If individuals were told which diseases or medical conditions they were genetically predisposed to, they could adjust their behavior accordingly, he reasoned. Although universal testing still isn’t practical today, the cost of sequencing an individual genome has dropped dramatically in recent years, from about $7 million in 2007 to as little as $1,000 today.

“It’s all too easy to dismiss the future,” he says. “People confuse what’s impossible today with what’s impossible tomorrow.”, especially through the emerging discipline of “synthetic” biology. The basic idea behind synthetic biology, he explained, was that natural organisms could be reprogrammed to do things they wouldn’t normally do, things that might be useful to people. In pursuit of this, researchers had learned not only how to read the genetic code of organisms but also how to write new code and insert it into organisms. Besides making plastic, microbes altered in this way had produced carpet fibers, treated wastewater, generated electricity, manufactured jet fuel, created hemoglobin, and fabricated new drugs. But this was only the tip of the iceberg, Church wrote. The same technique could also be used on people.

“Every cell in our body, whether it’s a bacterial cell or a human cell, has a genome,” he says. “You can extract that genome—it’s kind of like a linear tape—and you can read it by a variety of methods. Similarly, like a string of letters that you can read, you can also change it. You can write, you can edit it, and then you can put it back in the cell.”

This April, the Broad Institute, where Church holds a faculty appointment, was awarded a patent for a new method of genome editing called CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats), which Church says is one of the most effective tools ever developed for synthetic biology. By studying the way that certain bacteria defend themselves against viruses, researchers figured out how to precisely cut DNA at any location on the genome and insert new material there to alter its function. Last month, researchers at MIT announced they had used CRISPR to cure mice of a rare liver disease that also afflicts humans. At the same time, researchers at Virginia Tech said they were experimenting on plants with CRISPR to control salt tolerance, improve crop yield, and create resistance to pathogens.

The possibilities for CRISPR technology seem almost limitless, Church says. If researchers have stored a genetic sequence in a computer, they can order a robot to produce a piece of DNA from the data. That piece can then be put into a cell to change the genome. Church believes that CRISPR is so promising that last year he co-founded a genome-editing company, Editas, to develop drugs for currently incurable diseases.

Source: news.nationalgeographic.com

See on Scoop.it – Cardiovascular and vascular imaging

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