Posts Tagged ‘NIH’

In Memoriam: Nobel Laureate J. Michael Bishop for discovery of Retroviral Oncogenes

Posted in CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, cancer-general, Mourning the Loss of a Scientific Leader, Nobel Prize Winners, Oncolytic virus & OncoViro-Therapy, tagged NIH, nobel leureates, oncogenes, Peyton Rous, Src family kinases, UCSF Medical Center, viral oncogenesis on July 31, 2026| Leave a Comment »

In Memoriam: Nobel Laureate J. Michael Bishop for discovery of Retroviral Oncogenes

Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

Among the many cancer researchers who have passed this year (listed in a post here), Dr. Bishop, who won the Nobel Prize with Harold Varmus for their discovery of retroviral oncogenes deserves special mention.  Since Peyton Raus noticed that an infective agent could transfer oncogenic stimulus for formation of new sarcomas in chickens injected with a fractioned tumor lysate, the search for the molecular basis a viral elements could induce tumorigenesis had remained elusive for most of the 20th century.  From medieval times cancer had been thought to have some infective component (and people used to think that tumors themselves were able to infect others).  The identification that a virus could induce tumors in animals was a revolutionary discovery and many investigators had tried to uncover human viruses which could induce tumors as well for a large part of the 20th century.

 

Drs. Bishop and Varmuses work to determine the human homologue to the chicken virus led to a revolutionary discovery of how growth factor signaling and their proliferative effects could be explained on the molecular level and how such proteins, when mutated, could lead to abnormal proliferation and growth.

From the AACR

Source: https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/in-memoriam/j-michael-bishop/

In Memoriam: J. Michael Bishop

(02/22/1936 – 03/20/2026) Member since 1998

J. Michael Bishop, MD, a Fellow of the AACR Academy who shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1989 with Harold E. Varmus, MD, for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes, died March 20, 2026, at the age of 90.

Bishop served as chancellor of the University of California, San Francisco, from 1998 until he retired in 2009. He presided over a major expansion of UCSF, a university that is devoted entirely to biomedical sciences.

Born in York, Pennsylvania, in 1936, Bishop grew up in a rural area and attended elementary school in a two-room schoolhouse. He received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Gettysburg College in 1958 and a medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1962.

After a residency at Massachusetts General Hospital and research at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Bethesda, Maryland, and the Heinrich Pette Institute in Hamburg, Germany, he joined the faculty of UCSF as assistant professor of microbiology and immunology in 1968. He became a full professor in 1972, and in 1981 he was named director of the university’s George F. Hooper Research Foundation.

In 1970, Varmus joined Bishop’s lab as a postdoctoral fellow. They began studying the Rous sarcoma virus to test the theory that healthy body cells contain dormant viral oncogenes that cause cancer when triggered. Bishop and Varmus discovered that the viral genes that cause cancer in humans and animals do not originate within viruses, as previously thought, but instead begin as normal genes within healthy cells that act to control cellular growth and division. This finding indicated that these benign genes (called proto-oncogenes) can be picked up by certain viruses and then transformed into oncogenes.

This discovery that cancer could be caused by the malfunction of normal genes revolutionized the understanding of tumorigenesis and greatly expanded the scope of associated scientific areas such as cancer detection as well as drug discovery and development.

In addition to receiving the Nobel Prize, Bishop’s honors included election to the National Academy of Sciences in 1980 and as an Honorary Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1987, and as a Foreign Member of the Royal Society. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1982, the Gairdner Foundation International Award and the Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., Prize from the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation in 1984, and the Dickson Prize in Medicine in 1986. He was presented with the 2003 National Medal of Science by President George W. Bush. He was a member of the inaugural class of Fellows of the AACR Academy in 2013.

 

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Urgent Request for Action on Proposed Rule Affecting Federal Funding Grant Review

Posted in Bio-Ethics, Federal Budget Appropriations, Funding Opportunities for Cancer Research, Law and Medicine Conflicts, Population Health Management, Scientist: Career considerations, tagged AACR, grant funding, grant review, life sciences research, MARFA, National Institutes of Health (NIH) ’s Common Fund, NIH, OMB on July 7, 2026| Leave a Comment »

Urgent Request for Action on Proposed Rule Affecting Federal Funding Grant Review

Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

Yesterday I received an email from the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation (MARFA), as well as Life Sciences PA and the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR).  This was on a little publicized proposed change to the NIH scientific review process allowing the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to have direct authority over the funding of grants which had passed the rigorous scientific review process.  This proposed change by the current administration could negate decision made by NIH grant review panels as well as NIH program project directors and NIH administration as well as other funding agencies.

OMB has put a deadling of July 13, 2026 for comments by the public on this proposed change so it is of urgent matter that US scientists be informed of these potential changes.

I have included the three letters below: from MARFA, Life Sciences PA, and AACR.

From the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation

For decades, scientific breakthroughs in mesothelioma have depended on one essential principle: research should be guided by science. A proposed rule from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) could weaken that principle by allowing political appointees to override scientific peer review when making federal research funding decisions. It could also allow active federally funded research projects to be terminated if deemed inconsistent with changing agency priorities. For the mesothelioma community, the stakes are especially high. As a rare cancer, mesothelioma research already faces significant funding challenges. Every federal grant helps advance promising discoveries, supports clinical trials, and gives patients access to new treatment options. The proposal could also restrict international scientific collaboration—partnerships that are often essential for rare disease research, where researchers must work across borders to enroll enough patients and share critical scientific knowledge. Learn more about the Proposed Rule and how it affects mesothelioma patients and research. We need your voice. Please take just a few minutes to submit a public comment asking OMB to protect independent scientific peer review, preserve ongoing federally funded research, and support international collaboration for rare diseases. Submit your public comment here: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/05/29/2026-10817/regulation-for-federal-financial-assistance#open-comment The comment period is open until Monday, July 13th. Don’t delay submitting your comments. Every comment demonstrates that patients, families, researchers, clinicians, and advocates are paying attention and understand what is at stake. Thank you for standing up for the future of mesothelioma research. Together, we can help ensure that scientific discovery continues to be driven by evidence, collaboration, and the needs of patients.

 

From Life Sciences PA

To the Membership of Life Sciences PA: Today, we are urging you to contact your United States members of Congress on Office of Management and Budget (OMB) proposed revisions to “Guidance for Federal Financial Assistance.” You can do so through the Life Sciences PA Advocacy Action Center. The OMB proposal, which is currently accepting public comments, would make significant changes to how research funding decisions are administered across federal agencies, including the NIH and NSF. The public comment period closes in just one week, Monday, July 13, 2026, and public comments can be submitted HERE. However, it is equally important for U.S. Senators and Representatives to hear directly from their constituents on matters like this. We encourage your outreach beyond the public comment period. For decades, independent, merit-based scientific peer review has been the foundation of federal research funding. Currently, the NIH is investing over $2.5 billion in more than 4,300 research projects across the Commonwealth. These investments have helped establish Pennsylvania as a global leader in research and development for innovative therapies and technologies. The revisions proposed by OMB put in jeopardy the transparency, predictability, and scientific integrity of that process. Federal research investments are critical to the success of Pennsylvania’s leading life sciences ecosystem. They support scientific discovery at our academic research institutions, foster crucial partnerships with industry, and help advance the therapies and technologies that improve the lives of patients in the Commonwealth, across the country, and around the world. Maintaining certainty, consistency, and confidence in this established research funding process is essential to sustaining scientific progress and continued economic growth. Life Sciences Pennsylvania is sharing our concerns with members of the Pennsylvania Congressional delegation, as well as submitting public comment reaffirming the importance of preserving an independent, science-driven research funding system. We urge you to share your perspectives by submitting concerns to your U.S. Senators and Representatives HERE.

From AACR

AACR Statement and Call to Action Concerning OMB Proposal to Rewrite the Rules for Scientists and Physicians Who Are Improving Public Health and Saving Lives

PHILADELPHIA – The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) is deeply concerned that the recent action of the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to propose a new set of regulations on how federal grants are awarded and managed is a major threat to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and its lifesaving mission to accelerate progress for patients with cancer and the hundreds of other diseases that afflict millions of Americans.

AACR strongly opposes many of the changes that OMB has proposed in its recently issued rule, titled “Regulation for Federal Financial Assistance.” A considerable number of the regulations included in the rule, if finalized, will be extremely disruptive to the lifesaving research that the federal government funds and oversees, mainly through NIH.

Therefore, AACR calls on the Administration to abandon this harmful proposal, as proceeding along these lines will irreparably damage NIH, an agency that is widely revered as the world’s leading medical research enterprise for its support of the innovative discoveries and groundbreaking treatments that are increasing survival rates and enhancing the quality of life for patients.

According to OMB, the intention of these proposed revisions is to improve transparency, accountability, and oversight of federal awards while reducing administrative burden and ensuring responsible stewardship of taxpayer resources. While AACR shares these goals and supports efforts to strengthen the effectiveness, integrity, and accountability of federal grant programs, a significant number of the provisions in this proposal would in fact increase administrative complexity, create uncertainty for grant recipients, reduce transparency in funding decisions, and undermine the merit-based processes that have effectively guided federal research investments. In short, this OMB proposal is reckless and does not meet the high U.S. standards required for a meritorious, impactful research grant program.

AACR has identified several especially concerning provisions in this OMB proposal that will severely set back our nation’s medical science enterprise and delay the groundbreaking treatments that are pivotal to improving patient outcomes and saving lives:

• OMB proposes to markedly expand the power of political appointees to override expert assessment of scientific merit by subjecting every federal research funding decision to political review. These politically appointed officials are unlikely to have subject-matter expertise and would also be instructed to determine whether grant proposals are aligned with the Administration’s political priorities, regardless of their scientific merit. If political appointees are required to provide oversight of federal grant decisions and are allowed or encouraged to ignore the advice of highly qualified scientists, it will threaten the significant progress in patient outcomes that has been achieved over many decades.The merit review process, in which scientific experts in a particular field are brought together to review scientific proposals and assign scores that are based on the quality of the application and its potential to advance new knowledge, has underpinned many discoveries that have led to major improvements in public health. This objective approach to scientific review establishes a foundation of trust within the broader scientific community and throughout the U.S. population. Revising the rules to establish an environment that sidesteps traditional and transparent scientific metrics will weaken overall confidence in the U.S. research enterprise. [This area corresponds to provision 200.205 in the OMB proposal.]

• OMB proposes to expand agency authority to suspend or terminate awards based on changing political priorities at the agency or program goals that no longer align with the Administration’s concept of “Gold Standard Science,” which is a term the Administration uses to terminate research not because it is unsound, but because it does not fit a preferred political or methodological agenda. These suspensions and terminations could take place regardless of whether the recipient is performing the project based on the previously approved scope of work. Therefore, an active grant, including a multi-year award that is already underway, could be terminated because of a political or ideological agenda.This OMB-proposed provision would create uncertainty for researchers, institutions, and patients. As one example, this proposed change may have an adverse effect on patient accrual to cancer clinical trials, as patients with cancer may be less likely to enroll if ongoing support for these clinical trials is uncertain. Cancer research often requires years of sustained investment, and permitting political appointees to discontinue support for a grant or clinical trial after the grant or clinical trial has already been awarded or begun threatens scientific progress, wastes taxpayer resources, and destabilizes research programs and studies on which patients are relying for their survival. [This area corresponds to provisions 200.340; 200.341; and 200.342 in the OMB proposal.]

• OMB proposes to create additional barriers to scientific collaboration by imposing undue restrictions on international partnerships that are often essential for making advances against cancer and other human diseases. Modern cancer science relies on global networks of researchers, clinical trial participants, data resources, and specialized expertise. Limiting these collaborations will slow the pace of discovery and innovation. As one example among many, international collaborations are vitally important for pediatric cancer research. Because childhood cancers are rare, pooling global patient data, resources, and expertise accelerates clinical trials, drives breakthroughs in drug-resistant subtypes, and bridges survival disparities across high- and low-income countries. [This area corresponds to provisions 200.202 and 200.220 in the OMB proposal.]
• OMB proposes to prohibit all federal funding related to diversity, equity, and inclusion. OMB’s justification includes vague language that could be interpreted in ways that restrict research on cancer disparities, access to care, and differences in outcomes among all patient populations. Cancer touches every community, yet, sadly, its burden is not shared equally. A person’s race, ethnicity, income, ZIP code, insurance status, access to screening, ability to enroll in a clinical trial, and proximity to overall high-quality cancer care shape whether cancer is found early, treated effectively, and ultimately cured. [This area corresponds to provisions 200.218 and 200.300 in the OMB proposal.]

• OMB proposes to restrict activities that are fundamental components of innovative scientific research and that are essential to how research findings are shared and translated into patient benefit. Provisions in the OMB proposal to limit funding support for scientific publications, journal subscriptions, and attendance at scientific conferences would hinder the ability of researchers to disseminate discoveries, learn about emerging advances, and establish highly productive collaborations. [This area corresponds to provisions 200.432; 200.454; and 200.461 in the OMB proposal.]

For decades, the framework that supports America’s scientific research enterprise through agencies such as NIH and the National Cancer Institute has fueled transformative discoveries in cancer prevention, detection, treatment, and survivorship. This established system has reduced the U.S. cancer death rate by 35% since 1991, resulting in more than 4.8 million U.S. lives saved. This progress has been made possible because of research funding decisions guided by the rigorous review of grant applications by scientific experts and their assessment of these grants to improve public health—NOT guided by political and ideological considerations.

If this OMB-proposed regulation is ultimately finalized, it will severely weaken the U.S. federal research grant program that has supported American innovation and medical breakthroughs for decades. It will also upend the collaborative and evidence-based model that has resulted in U.S. leadership in cancer research and medical science.

 

Click here for Instructions on how to Submit a Comment to OMB

Click here to Contact Your Members of Congress about the proposal

It is imperative that all US scientists respond to this potential disasterous change.  NIH grant review panels take their time out of their schedule to volunteer to review grants and committ great effort and time to this labor of love.  In addition, those who write the grants have spent countless hours, days and months meticulous preparing exellent grants for review.  These scientists show an utmost committment to the conduct of great science and a dedication to their field of expertise.  Many volunteer countless hours and resources for their research, the scientific community and for patients. And most importantly, scientists include verbage and material in grants BASED ON SOUND SCIENCE, not their opinions.

Please take some time to respond to your lawmakers before July 13, 2026

Thank you

 

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Cancer Policy Related News from Washington DC and New NCI Appointments

Posted in Bio-Ethics, Cancer - General, Funding Opportunities for Cancer Research, Interviews with Scientific Leaders, Precision Cancer Medicine, SBIR, SBA, NIH, NSF, Translational Science, Women in Life Sciences, tagged cancer news, Joe Biden, NCI, NIH, Obama "Moonshot" program, US government on October 4, 2022| Leave a Comment »

Cancer Policy Related News from Washington DC and New NCI Appointments

Reportor: Stephen J. Williams, PhD.

WordCloud Image Produced by Adam Tubman

Biden to announce appointees to Cancer Panel, part of initiative to cut death rate

The president first launched the initiative in 2016 as vice president.

By Mary Kekatos

July 13, 2022, 3:00 PM

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President Joe Biden will announce Wednesday his appointees to the President’s Cancer Panel, ABC News can exclusively reveal.

The Cancer Panel is part of Biden’s Cancer Moonshot Initiative, which was relaunched in February, with a goal of slashing the national cancer death rate by 50% over the next 25 years.MORE: Biden relaunches cancer ‘moonshot’ initiative to help cut death rate

Biden will appoint Dr. Elizabeth Jaffee, Dr. Mitchel Berger and Dr. Carol Brown to the panel, which will advise him and the White House on how to use resources of the federal government to advance cancer research and reduce the burden of cancer in the United States.

Jaffee, who will serve as chair of the panel, is an expert in cancer immunology and pancreatic cancer, according to the White House. She is currently the deputy director of the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University and previously led the American Association for Cancer Research.

Berger, a neurological surgeon, directs the University of California, San Francisco Brain Tumor Center and previously spent 23 years at the school as a professor of neurological surgery.

Brown, a gynecologic oncologist, is the senior vice president and chief health equity officer at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. According to the White House, much of her career has been focused on eliminating cancer care disparities due to racial, ethnic, cultural or socioeconomic factors.

Additionally, First Lady Jill Biden, members of the Cabinet and other administration officials are holding a meeting Wednesday of the Cancer Cabinet, made up of officials across several governmental departments and agencies, the White House said.

The Cabinet will introduce new members and discuss priorities in the battle against cancer including closing the screening gap, addressing potential environmental exposures, reducing the number of preventable cancer and expanding access to cancer research.MORE: Long Island school district found to have higher rates of cancer cases: Study

It is the second meeting of the cabinet since Biden relaunched the initiative in February, which he originally began in 2016 when he was vice president.

Both Jaffee and Berger were members of the Blue Ribbon Panel for the Cancer Moonshot Initiative led by Biden.

The initiative has personal meaning for Biden, whose son, Beau, died of glioblastoma — one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer — in 2015.

“I committed to this fight when I was vice president,” Biden said at the time, during an event at the White House announcing the relaunch. “It’s one of the reasons why, quite frankly, I ran for president. Let there be no doubt, now that I am president, this is a presidential, White House priority. Period.”

The initiative has several priority actions including diagnosing cancer sooner; preventing cancer; addressing inequities; and supporting patients, caregivers and survivors.

The White House has also issued a call to action to get cancer screenings back to pre-pandemic levels.

More than 9.5 million cancer screenings that would have taken place in 2020 were missed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the National Institutes of Health.MORE: Louisiana’s ‘Cancer Alley’ residents in clean air fight

“We have to get cancer screenings back on track and make sure they’re accessible to all Americans,” Biden said at the time.

Since the first meeting of the Cancer Cabinet, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued more than $200 million in grants to cancer prevention programs, the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services implemented a new model to reduce the cost of cancer care, and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office said it will fast-track applications for cancer immunotherapies.

ABC News’ Sasha Pezenik contributed to this report.

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• PEOPLE & EVENTS

Biden to tap prominent Harvard cancer surgeon to head National Cancer Institute

Monica Bertagnolli brings leadership experience in cancer clinical trials funded by the $7 billion research agency

• 21 JUL 2022
• 7:15 PM
• BYJOCELYN KAISER

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President Joe Biden is expected to pick cancer surgeon Monica Bertagnolli as the next director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Bertagnolli, a physician-scientist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, the Dana-Farber Cancer Center, and Harvard Medical School, specializes in gastrointestinal cancers and is well known for her expertise in clinical trials. She will replace Ned Sharpless, who stepped down as NCI director in April after nearly 5 years.

The White House has not yet announced the selection, first reported by STAT, but several cancer research organizations closely watching for the nomination have issued statements supporting Bertagnolli’s expected selection. She is “a national leader” in clinical cancer research and “a great person to take the job,” Sharpless told ScienceInsider.

With a budget of $7 billion, NCI is the largest component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the world’s largest funder of cancer research. Its director is the only NIH institute director selected by the president. Bertagnolli’s expected appointment, which does not require Senate confirmation, drew applause from the cancer research community

Margaret Foti, CEO of the American Association for Cancer Research, praised Bertagnolli’s “appreciation for … basic research” and “commitment to ensuring that such treatment innovations reach patients … across the United States.” Ellen Sigal, chair and founder of Friends of Cancer Research, says Bertagnolli “brings expertise the agency needs at a true inflection point for cancer research.”

Bertagnolli, 63, will be the first woman to lead NCI. Her lab research on tumor immunology and the role of a gene called APC in colorectal cancer led to a landmark trial she headed showing that an anti-inflammatory drug can help prevent this cancer. In 2007, she became the chief of surgery at the Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center.

She served as president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in 2018 and currently chairs the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, which is funded by NCI’s National Clinical Trials Network. The network is a “complicated” program, and “Monica will have a lot of good ideas on how to make it work better,” Sharpless says.

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One of Bertagnolli’s first tasks will be to shape NCI’s role in Biden’s reignited Cancer Moonshot, which aims to slash the U.S. cancer death rate in half within 25 years. NCI’s new leader also needs to sort out how the agency will mesh with a new NIH component that will fund high-risk, goal-driven research, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H).

Bertagnolli will also head NCI efforts already underway to boost grant funding rates, diversify the cancer research workplace, and reduce higher death rates for Black people with cancer.

The White House recently nominated applied physicist Arati Prabhakar to fill another high-level science position, director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). But still vacant is the NIH director slot, which Francis Collins, acting science adviser to the president, left in December 2021. And the administration hasn’t yet selected the inaugural director of ARPA-H.

Correction, 22 July, 9 a.m.: This story has been updated to reflect that Francis Collins is acting science adviser to the president, not acting director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.

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UK Biobank Makes Available 200,000 whole genomes Open Access

Posted in Big Data, Bio-Ethics, BioBanking, BioIT: BioInformatics, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, Biological Networks, Gene Regulation and Evolution, Disease Biology, Genome Biology, Genomic Expression, Intelligent Information Systems, Personalized and Precision Medicine & Genomic Research, Population Health Management, Genetics & Pharmaceutical, tagged Amgen, biobank, biomedical, Genome-wide association study, genomics, Icelanders, NIH, Population genetics, UKBB, Whole genome sequencing on December 7, 2021| Leave a Comment »

UK Biobank Makes Available 200,000 whole genomes Open Access

Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

The following is a summary of an article by Jocelyn Kaiser, published in the November 26, 2021 issue of the journal Science.

To see the full article please go to https://www.science.org/content/article/200-000-whole-genomes-made-available-biomedical-studies-uk-effort

The UK Biobank (UKBB) this week unveiled to scientists the entire genomes of 200,000 people who are part of a long-term British health study.

The trove of genomes, each linked to anonymized medical information, will allow biomedical scientists to scour the full 3 billion base pairs of human DNA for insights into the interplay of genes and health that could not be gleaned from partial sequences or scans of genome markers. “It is thrilling to see the release of this long-awaited resource,” says Stephen Glatt, a psychiatric geneticist at the State University of New York Upstate Medical University.

Other biobanks have also begun to compile vast numbers of whole genomes, 100,000 or more in some cases (see table, below). But UKBB stands out because it offers easy access to the genomic information, according to some of the more than 20,000 researchers in 90 countries who have signed up to use the data. “In terms of availability and data quality, [UKBB] surpasses all others,” says physician and statistician Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla of the National Institute for Geriatrics in Mexico City.

Enabling your vision to improve public health

Data drives discovery. We have curated a uniquely powerful biomedical database that can be accessed globally for public health research. Explore data from half a million UK Biobank participants to enable new discoveries to improve public health.

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This UKBB biobank represents genomes collected from 500,000 middle-age and elderly participants for 2006 to 2010. The genomes are mostly of a European descent. Other large scale genome sequencing ventures like Iceland’s DECODE, which collected over 100,000 genomes, is now a subsidiary of Amgen, and mostly behind IP protection, not Open Access as this database represents.

UK Biobank is a large-scale biomedical database and research resource, containing in-depth genetic and health information from half a million UK participants. The database is regularly augmented with additional data and is globally accessible to approved researchers undertaking vital research into the most common and life-threatening diseases. It is a major contributor to the advancement of modern medicine and treatment and has enabled several scientific discoveries that improve human health.

A summary of some large scale genome sequencing projects are show in the table below:

Biobank	Completed Whole Genomes	Release Information
UK Biobank	200,000	300,000 more in early 2023
TransOmics for Precision Medicien	161,000	NIH requires project specific request
Million Veterans Program	125,000	Non-Veterans Affairs researchers get first access
100,000 Genomes Project	120,000	Researchers must join Genomics England collaboration
All of Us	90,000	NIH expects to release 2022

Other Related Articles on Genome Biobank Projects in this Open Access Online Scientific Journal Include the Following:

Icelandic Population Genomic Study Results by deCODE Genetics come to Fruition: Curation of Current genomic studies

Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC), generated the largest catalogue so far of variation in human protein-coding regions: Sequence data of 60,000 people, NOW is a publicly accessible database

Systems Biology Analysis of Transcription Networks, Artificial Intelligence, and High-End Computing Coming to Fruition in Personalized Oncology

Diversity and Health Disparity Issues Need to be Addressed for GWAS and Precision Medicine Studies

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The NIH-funded adjuvant improves the efficacy of India’s COVID-19 vaccine.

Posted in Allergy and Infectious Diseases, CEOs of Biotech Companies, coronavirus, COVID-19, Drug Development Process, Immunology, Infectious Disease Immunodiagnostics, Mechanisms of infection by SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants , SARS-CoV-2 Viral Variants, Viral diseases, Virology, tagged Antibodies, COVID Vaccine, COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Treatment, infection, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, vaccine adjuvant platorm technology, vaccine development on July 2, 2021| Leave a Comment »

The NIH-funded adjuvant improves the efficacy of India’s COVID-19 vaccine.

Curator and Reporter: Dr. Premalata Pati, Ph.D., Postdoc

WordCloud Image Produced by Adam Tubman

Anthony S. Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Part of National Institute of Health (NIH) said,

Ending a global pandemic demands a global response. I am thrilled that a novel vaccine adjuvant developed in the United States with NIAID support is now included in an effective COVID-19 vaccine that is available to individuals in India.”

Adjuvants are components that are created as part of a vaccine to improve immune responses and increase the efficiency of the vaccine. COVAXIN was developed and is manufactured in India, which is currently experiencing a terrible health catastrophe as a result of COVID-19. An adjuvant designed with NIH funding has contributed to the success of the extremely effective COVAXIN-COVID-19 vaccine, which has been administered to about 25 million individuals in India and internationally.

Alhydroxiquim-II is the adjuvant utilized in COVAXIN, was discovered and validated in the laboratory by the biotech company ViroVax LLC of Lawrence, Kansas, with funding provided solely by the NIAID Adjuvant Development Program. The adjuvant is formed of a small molecule that is uniquely bonded to Alhydrogel, often known as alum and the most regularly used adjuvant in human vaccines. Alhydroxiquim-II enters lymph nodes, where it detaches from alum and triggers two cellular receptors. TLR7 and TLR8 receptors are essential in the immunological response to viruses. Alhydroxiquim-II is the first adjuvant to activate TLR7 and TLR8 in an approved vaccine against an infectious disease. Additionally, the alum in Alhydroxiquim-II activates the immune system to look for an infiltrating pathogen.

Although molecules that activate TLR receptors strongly stimulate the immune system, the adverse effects of Alhydroxiquim-II are modest. This is due to the fact that after COVAXIN is injected, the adjuvant travels directly to adjacent lymph nodes, which contain white blood cells that are crucial in recognizing pathogens and combating infections. As a result, just a minimal amount of Alhydroxiquim-II is required in each vaccination dosage, and the adjuvant does not circulate throughout the body, avoiding more widespread inflammation and unwanted side effects.

COVAXIN is made up of a crippled version of SARS-CoV-2 that cannot replicate but yet encourages the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus. The NIH stated that COVAXIN is “safe and well tolerated,” citing the results of a phase 2 clinical investigation. COVAXIN safety results from a Phase 3 trial with 25,800 participants in India will be released later this year. Meanwhile, unpublished interim data from the Phase 3 trial show that the vaccine is 78% effective against symptomatic sickness, 100% effective against severe COVID-19, including hospitalization, and 70% effective against asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Two tests of blood serum from persons who had received COVAXIN suggest that the vaccine creates antibodies that efficiently neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.617 (Delta) variants (1) and (2), which were originally identified in the United Kingdom and India, respectively.

Since 2009, the NIAID Adjuvant Program has supported the research of ViroVax’s founder and CEO, Sunil David, M.D., Ph.D. His research has focused on the emergence of new compounds that activate innate immune receptors and their application as vaccination adjuvants.

Dr. David’s engagement with Bharat Biotech International Ltd. of Hyderabad, which manufactures COVAXIN, began during a 2019 meeting in India organized by the NIAID Office of Global Research under the auspices of the NIAID’s Indo-US Vaccine Action Program. Five NIAID-funded adjuvant investigators, including Dr. David, two representatives of the NIAID Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, and the NIAID India representative, visited 4 top biotechnology companies to learn about their work and discuss future collaborations. The delegation also attended a consultation in New Delhi, which was co-organized by the NIAID and India’s Department of Biotechnology and hosted by the National Institute of Immunology.

Among the scientific collaborations spawned by these endeavors was a licensing deal between Bharat Biotech and Dr. David to use Alhydroxiquim-II in their candidate vaccines. During the COVID-19 outbreak, this license was expanded to cover COVAXIN, which has Emergency Use Authorization in India and more than a dozen additional countries. COVAXIN was developed by Bharat Biotech in partnership with the Indian Council of Medical Research’s National Institute of Virology. The company conducted thorough safety research on Alhydroxiquim-II and undertook the arduous process of scaling up production of the adjuvant in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice standards. Bharat Biotech aims to generate 700 million doses of COVAXIN by the end of 2021.

NIAID conducts and supports research at the National Institutes of Health, across the United States, and across the world to better understand the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases and to develop better methods of preventing, detecting, and treating these illnesses. The NIAID website contains news releases, info sheets, and other NIAID-related materials.

Main Source:

https://www.miragenews.com/adjuvant-developed-with-nih-funding-enhances-587090/

References

1. https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cid/ciab411/6271524?redirectedFrom=fulltext
2. https://academic.oup.com/jtm/article/28/4/taab051/6193609

Other Related Articles published in this Open Access Online Scientific Journal include the following:

Comparing COVID-19 Vaccine Schedule Combinations, or “Com-COV” – First-of-its-Kind Study will explore the Impact of using eight different Combinations of Doses and Dosing Intervals for Different COVID-19 Vaccines

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2021/02/08/comparing-covid-19-vaccine-schedule-combinations-or-com-cov-first-of-its-kind-study-will-explore-the-impact-of-using-eight-different-combinations-of-doses-and-dosing-intervals-for-diffe/

Thriving Vaccines and Research: Weizmann Institute Coronavirus Research Development

Reporter:Amandeep Kaur, B.Sc., M.Sc.

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2021/05/04/thriving-vaccines-and-research-weizmann-coronavirus-research-development/

National Public Radio interview with Dr. Anthony Fauci on his optimism on a COVID-19 vaccine by early 2021

Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, PhD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2020/07/19/national-public-radio-interview-with-dr-anthony-fauci-on-his-optimism-on-a-covid-19-vaccine-by-early-2021/

Cryo-EM disclosed how the D614G mutation changes SARS-CoV-2 spike protein structure

Reporter: Dr. Premalata Pati, Ph.D., Postdoc

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2021/04/10/cryo-em-disclosed-how-the-d614g-mutation-changes-sars-cov-2-spike-protein-structure/

Updates on the Oxford, AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine

Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, PhD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2020/06/16/updates-on-the-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine/

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International Award for Human Genome Project

Posted in Affordable Care Act, Award Nominations, BioIT: BioInformatics, BioIT: BioInformatics, NGS, Clinical & Translational, Pharmaceutical R&D Informatics, Clinical Genomics, Cancer Informatics, Biological Networks, Gene Regulation and Evolution, Biomarkers & Medical Diagnostics, Genetics & Innovations in Treatment, Genetics & Pharmaceutical, Genome Biology, Medical and Population Genetics, Personalized and Precision Medicine & Genomic Research, Pharmacogenomics, Population Health Management, Genetics & Pharmaceutical, tagged 2017 Prince Mahidol Award, advances in the field of medicine, disease diagnosis, Human Genome Project, NHGRI, NIH, prevention, treatment on February 9, 2018| Leave a Comment »

International Award for Human Genome Project

Reporter and Curator: Dr. Sudipta Saha, Ph.D.

 

The Thai royal family awarded its annual prizes in Bangkok, Thailand, in late January 2018 in recognition of advances in public health and medicine – through the Prince Mahidol Award Foundation under the Royal Patronage. This foundation was established in 1992 to honor the late Prince Mahidol of Songkla, the Royal Father of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand and the Royal Grandfather of the present King. Prince Mahidol is celebrated worldwide as the father of modern medicine and public health in Thailand.

 

The Human Genome Project has been awarded the 2017 Prince Mahidol Award for revolutionary advances in the field of medicine. The Human Genome Project was completed in 2003. It was an international, collaborative research program aimed at the complete mapping and sequencing of the human genome. Its final goal was to provide researchers with fundamental information about the human genome and powerful tools for understanding the genetic factors in human disease, paving the way for new strategies for disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

 

The resulting human genome sequence has provided a foundation on which researchers and clinicians now tackle increasingly complex problems, transforming the study of human biology and disease. Particularly it is satisfying that it has given the researchers the ability to begin using genomics to improve approaches for diagnosing and treating human disease thereby beginning the era of genomic medicine.

 

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is devoted to advancing health through genome research. The institute led National Institutes of Health’s (NIH’s) contribution to the Human Genome Project, which was successfully completed in 2003 ahead of schedule and under budget. NIH, is USA’s national medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases.

 

Building on the foundation laid by the sequencing of the human genome, NHGRI’s work now encompasses a broad range of research aimed at expanding understanding of human biology and improving human health. In addition, a critical part of NHGRI’s mission continues to be the study of the ethical, legal and social implications of genome research.

 

References:

 

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/human-genome-project-awarded-thai-2017-prince-mahidol-award-field-medicine

 

http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/news3/6886/83875-Announcement-of-the-Prince-Mahidol-Laureates-2017.html

 

http://www.thaiembassy.org/london/en/news/7519/83884-Announcement-of-the-Prince-Mahidol-Laureates-2017.html

 

http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/us-human-genome-project-influenza-researchers-win-prince-mahidol-award-2017/

 

http://genomesequencing.com/the-human-genome-project-is-awarded-the-thai-2017-prince-mahidol-award-for-the-field-of-medicine-national-institutes-of-health-press-release/

 

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ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) program: ‘Tragic’ Sequestration Impact on NHGRI Programs

Posted in Genome Biology, Scientist: Career considerations, tagged DNA, ENCODE, Eric Green, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, NHGRI, NIH on September 18, 2013| Leave a Comment »

ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) program: ‘Tragic’ Sequestration Impact on NHGRI Programs

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

NHGRI’s Green Sees ‘Tragic’ Sequestration Impact on NHGRI Programs

September 13, 2013

By Matt Jones

NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) – The funding squeeze from the sequestration of the US federal budget, now more than half-a-year old, has already had a sizable impact at the National Human Genome Research Institute, leading to cuts to ongoing programs, scaling back of new ones, and the deferring of efforts that have not yet launched.

The five percent cut in funding this year at NHGRI has led not only to trimmed-down renewal grants and fewer, smaller awards broadly, but also has chopped the budget for some of the institute’s important programs, according to NHGRI Director Eric Green.

The programs that have either had their funding reduced, and in one case delayed, include the ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) program, projects focused on using genome sequencing in newborns and in clinical medicine, and other initiatives, Green said in his Director’s Report to the National Advisory Council on Human Genomics Research this week.

In addition, many renewal grants have been trimmed, and there are “numerous examples of detrimental cuts” to the institute’s intramural research program, said Green. These cuts to large and small NHGRI programs come at a pivotal time for genomics, he noted, as the products of such research are beginning to translate into clinical possibilities.

“It is tragic. [That] is the word I would use,” Green told GenomeWeb Daily News this week.

“[The field of genomics] is just so exciting. There are so many opportunities,” he said. “This is precisely the time that we should be pushing the accelerator hard, and we just cannot do it because we don’t have enough fuel in our fuel tank.

“It’s frustrating. I think the opportunities now are just spectacular,” said Green. “It’s tragic because it is just so obvious that we could do some remarkable things in genomics and we are not being able to do it.”

ENCODE, a decade-old flagship project at NIH that aims to identify all of the functional elements in the human genome, had its budget reduced by 16 percent.

The Genomic Sequencing and Newborn Screening Disorders program was cut by half, which left the program to fund fewer research projects than planned and its research consortium to go forward without the benefit of a data coordinating center. This new initiative, an effort to support pioneering studies on how sequencing might be used in the care of newborns and in neonatal care that was created jointly with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, had its budget cut from $10 million to $5 million.

The Genomic Medicine Pilot Demonstration Projects program had its budget cut by 20 percent, and NHGRI’s Bioinformatics Resources and Analysis Research Portfolio had $5 million sliced out of its budget. The new Genomics of Gene Regulation (GGR)request for applications was bumped out of this funding year entirely, and has been delayed until 2014, according to Green.

Because the sequestration plan was concocted and agreed to well in advance of its arrival earlier this year, Green told GWDN that the institute did have some time to try to react to the sequestration and mitigate the pain from the cuts, spreading them around fairly and evenly while maintaining priorities. He said leadership at the institute tried to prepare for the possibility of sequestration by being conservative in its planning.

Programs that were already ongoing, like ENCODE, were likely to take priority over those that were not yet launched, like GGR, in part because the infrastructure is already in place for ongoing projects and because it is easier to plan for how they operate and generate outputs, like data.

“With ENCODE you know for every million dollars you invest you get so much back,” said Green. “With a program like newborn sequencing … we don’t totally know what it’s going to look like or play out like. We won’t know what we are missing because we won’t be able to launch it to the scale that we wanted to launch it originally.”

Green said some of the projects being cut or delayed were created under NHGRI’sstrategic plan, a program it laid out in 2011 that involves restructuring of the institute’s divisions and some shifting in its research portfolio to include more efforts in applying genomics to medicine and healthcare.

“Some of these RFAs that we delayed really represent key elements that we started to anticipate two years ago,” said Green. “We knew we wanted to do more in sequencing, we knew we wanted to do some pilot projects in genomic medicine. We knew we wanted to continue to accelerate efforts in understanding how the genome works … ENCODE, GGR, and so forth. It just had to be slowed down,” he said.

Anastasia Wise, program director for the Genomic Sequencing and Newborn Screening Disorders program, told GWDN that the program was supposed to be much larger than the $5 million in awards unveiled last week, which funded a consortium of four research projects.

Wise said NHGRI and NICHD were each initially planning to provide double the amount of funding they were actually awarded, which is now expected to be a total of $25 million over five years, although that total could be subject to the availability of funding.

“There were definitely more scientifically meritorious applications than we were able to fund,” she said. “Even the four awards that we made ended up being cut an additional five percent because of the sequestration.”

She said the program “wanted to be able to make more awards, and we wanted to be able to fund a coordinating center to be able to bring the network together and help provide some harmonization of data and coordination of logistics between the different members of the consortium,” but it was unable to fund that part of the effort.

Although the fractured fiscal culture in Washington engenders caution at NHGRI as the agency looks forward, Green sees many scientific opportunities right now, as genomics begins to hit the clinic.

“Some people are saying we are not even going fast enough,” he said. “Lots of people have been discussing what the world is going to look like when somebody gets their genome sequenced in the newborn period, and [they] think about what the implications of that are for the patient for the rest of their lives. We want to start studying this,” he said.

“And we are starting to … but we’re not starting as aggressively as we wanted to,” Green said. “I mean, we took a big hit this year.”

Matt Jones is a staff reporter for GenomeWeb Daily News. He covers public policy, legislation, and funding issues that affect researchers in the genomics field, as well as the operations of research institutes. E-mail Matt Jones or follow GWDN’s headlines at @DailyNewsGW.

Related Stories

• NIH Awards up to $25M over Five Years to Teams Testing Genome Sequencing in Newborn Screening
  September 4, 2013 / GenomeWeb Daily News
• NHGRI to Unveil Funding for Tools to Interpret Non-coding Genomic Regions
  May 21, 2013 / GenomeWeb Daily News
• NIH to Fund Ethical, Legal, Social Studies of Genomics Research in Africa
  January 28, 2013 / GenomeWeb Daily News
• NHGRI, NICHD Plan $25M Newborn Sequencing Screening Grants Program
  May 25, 2012 / GenomeWeb Daily News
• NIH’s 2013 Budget Snips NHGRI by $1M, Favors Translational Science Center
  February 14, 2012 / GenomeWeb Daily News

SOURCE

http://www.genomeweb.com//node/1280236?utm_source=SilverpopMailing&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Sequestration%20Impact%20on%20NHGRI;%20Adaptive%20Biotechnologies%20Gets%20$2.5M%20SBIR%20Grant;%20In%20Brief;%20People%20-%2009/13/2013%2004:10:00%20PM

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