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Archive for the ‘Pain: Etiology, Genetics & Innovations in Treatment’ Category

Reporter and Curator: Dr. Sudipta Saha, Ph.D.

Targeting a protein important for chromatin organization could be a new strategy for male birth control. Proper regulation of chromatin dynamics is critical for proper sperm development, and mice with alterations in a protein that is central to chromatin organization are infertile. Now, scientists show that treating mice with a drug known to inhibit that protein impedes sperm development and renders the animals infertile—but halting treatment allows sperm production to restart and mice to sire normal litters.

The results, published in Cell, suggest that targeting this protein could produce a safe, reversible method for non-hormonal male contraception—a long-sought goal that has so far failed to materialize as an option alongside condoms and vasectomies.

Hormonal male contraception methods are already well-established. Male hormonal contraception works at least as well as a typical female oral contraceptive pill. But such contraceptives still have some significant hurdles to overcome before making it to market.

First, the strategy, which involves administering a hormone (usually a progestin) to halt production of testosterone and thus inhibit sperm development, does not suppress sperm production enough in every man. It also requires dosing with enough exogenous testosterone to maintain libido and muscle mass, but there’s currently no cheap and easily applied testosterone on the market. Furthermore, hormone-based male contraception can cause side effects. Unlike side effects for the female hormonal contraception, these can’t be balanced against the risks of pregnancy, which are often higher, noted John Amory at the University of Washington. Because men don’t run the same medical risks of pregnancy, there’s a higher bar for ensuring that contraception administered to healthy men doesn’t carry risks. Finally, despite worldwide surveys suggesting public receptiveness to a male contraceptive pill, pharmaceutical companies no longer fund development of such drugs.

Some of these issues have spurred researchers to look for a non-hormonal way to temporarily induce infertility in men, which should cause with fewer side effects and be more appealing to pharma. Amory’s work, for example, has shown that a compound that targets the retinoic acid pathway of sperm development reversibly inhibits sperm production. The drug’s potential is hamstrung by the fact that men taking the drug can’t consume alcohol without nausea—a side effect he’s currently working to circumvent.

The current study builds on previous work by Debra Wolgemuth at Columbia University showing that BRDT—a testes-specific member of a family of bromodomain-containing proteins, which are important for regulating chromatin organization in various tissues—was critical for normal sperm development in mice. Truncating BRDT has an amazing effect on haploid sperm development. Removing the first bromodomain results in production of a shortened protein and, consequently, the aberrant organization and packaging of DNA in the sperm cells produced. Spermatids fail to elongate normally in mutant mice, resulting in decreased sperm production, misshapen sperm, and infertility.

In order to test the possibility that a BRDT-inhibiting drug, JQ1, might have potential as a male contraceptive, Martin Matzuk of Baylor College of Medicine and his collaborators injected male mice daily with the drug, and examined their testis volume. This volume, which reflects the amount of sperm in the testes, dropped by 60 percent over the 6 weeks of treatment. The sperm count of these mice was nearly 90 percent lower than in control mice, and sperm motility also plunged in JQ1-treated mice, collectively resulting in infertility. Though JQ1 is known to inhibit related proteins expressed elsewhere in the body, the mice seemed to have no other effects from JQ1 treatment, and normal hormone levels in treated mice suggested that infertility wasn’t the result of a hormone imbalance.

A closer look at sperm generation in JQ1-treated mice suggested that sperm development was primarily blocked after the sperm cells had undergone meiosis, but before they began the process of elongating—a similar stage to that seen in BRDT-mutant mice. Importantly, the mice regained the ability to sire pups after several weeks off the drug.

The reversibility of the treatment is likely attributable to the fact that the researchers are targeting sperm cells midway through development, rather than accessory cells that support sperm development from stem cells, noted Michael Griswold, who studies sperm cell development at Washington State University, but did not participate in the study. It’s “a great place to inhibit, because you don’t get sperm cells, but you don’t affect stem cells, which makes [the treatment] reversible,” he explained.

Whether JQ1 acts by primarily targeting BRDT and derailing chromatin organization or whether it inhibits other family members expressed during sperm development remains unclear. Matzuk and his colleagues examined gene expression in JQ1-treated and control mice, and saw decreased expression of many genes important for meiosis, suggesting that JQ1 may be working by affecting transcription of a suite of important genes for spermatogensis. Also, because JQ1 also inhibits BRDT-related proteins, researchers need to be watchful for long-term side effects not detected in the current study, Matzuk noted. Going forward, it will be important to design drugs that selectively target BDRT.

Source References:

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Small-molecule%20inhibition%20of%20BRDT%20for%20male%20contraception

http://the-scientist.com/2012/08/16/hope-for-male-contraception/?goback=%2Egde_3695897_member_148573151

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Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

While a staff nurse at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA in 2008, I provided direct care for Morbid Obese patients, above 400 pounds that were transferred to Farr 9 – the Acute Surgery Unit from the PACU following Bariatric Surgery. The first day after a significant surgical intervention was very tough to the patient and very tough for the nurses, three types of analgesic drugs were used including epidural pumps and PCA. Pain medication diffused in the adipose tissue with just moderate amelioration of pain. Few patients had the operation done 10 years ago and needed a repair. Technology had advanced. More studies are needed to ascertain that in presence of morbid obesity and absence of DM, a Bariatric Surgery is THE Treatment for DM Disease Prevention.

Bariatric Surgery — From Treatment of Disease to Prevention?

Danny O. Jacobs, M.D., M.P.H.

N Engl J Med 2012; 367:764-765  August 23, 2012

Bariatric surgery to treat morbid obesity has improved dramatically over the past 60 years — especially over the past several decades. Today’s methods are far safer than the hazardous intestinal bypass procedures that were introduced in the 1950s. Bariatric-surgery techniques have progressed through various iterations of horizontal and vertical stapling of the stomach with or without banding (e.g., vertical banded gastroplasty) to vertical gastric partitioning or creation of a gastric pouch with proximal bypass into a jejunal loop (i.e., the gastric bypass), which is considered to be a reference standard.

Bariatric Surgery for Morbid Obesity.

Bariatric Surgery for Morbid Obesity.

SOURCE INFORMATION

From the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.

Bariatric Surgery and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Swedish Obese Subjects

Lena M.S. Carlsson, M.D., Ph.D., Markku Peltonen, Ph.D., Sofie Ahlin, M.D., Åsa Anveden, M.D., Claude Bouchard, Ph.D., Björn Carlsson, M.D., Ph.D., Peter Jacobson, M.D., Ph.D., Hans Lönroth, M.D., Ph.D., Cristina Maglio, M.D., Ingmar Näslund, M.D., Ph.D., Carlo Pirazzi, M.D., Stefano Romeo, M.D., Ph.D., Kajsa Sjöholm, Ph.D., Elisabeth Sjöström, M.D., Hans Wedel, Ph.D., Per-Arne Svensson, Ph.D., and Lars Sjöström, M.D., Ph.D.

N Engl J Med 2012; 367:695-704  August 23, 2012

BACKGROUND

Weight loss protects against type 2 diabetes but is hard to maintain with behavioral modification alone. In an analysis of data from a nonrandomized, prospective, controlled study, we examined the effects of bariatric surgery on the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

In this analysis, we included 1658 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 1771 obese matched controls (with matching performed on a group, rather than individual, level). None of the participants had diabetes at baseline. Patients in the bariatric-surgery cohort underwent banding (19%), vertical banded gastroplasty (69%), or gastric bypass (12%); nonrandomized, matched, prospective controls received usual care. Participants were 37 to 60 years of age, and the body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was 34 or more in men and 38 or more in women. This analysis focused on the rate of incident type 2 diabetes, which was a prespecified secondary end point in the main study. At the time of this analysis (January 1, 2012), participants had been followed for up to 15 years. Despite matching, some baseline characteristics differed significantly between the groups; the baseline body weight was higher and risk factors were more pronounced in the bariatric-surgery group than in the control group. At 15 years, 36.2% of the original participants had dropped out of the study, and 30.9% had not yet reached the time for their 15-year follow-up examination.

RESULTS

During the follow-up period, type 2 diabetes developed in 392 participants in the control group and in 110 in the bariatric-surgery group, corresponding to incidence rates of 28.4 cases per 1000 person-years and 6.8 cases per 1000 person-years, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio with bariatric surgery, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.21; P<0.001). The effect of bariatric surgery was influenced by the presence or absence of impaired fasting glucose (P=0.002 for the interaction) but not by BMI (P=0.54). Sensitivity analyses, including end-point imputations, did not change the overall conclusions. The postoperative mortality was 0.2%, and 2.8% of patients who underwent bariatric surgery required reoperation within 90 days owing to complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Bariatric surgery appears to be markedly more efficient than usual care in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese persons. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01479452.)

Supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (K2012-55X-22082-01-3, K2010-55X-11285-13, K2008-65x-20753-01-4), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research to Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, the Swedish federal government under the LUA/ALF agreement concerning research and education of doctors, the VINNOVA-VINNMER program, and the Wenner-Gren Foundations. The SOS study has previously been supported by grants to one of the authors from Hoffmann–La Roche, AstraZeneca, Cederroth, Sanofi-Aventis, and Johnson & Johnson.

Dr. Lena Carlsson reports receiving consulting fees from AstraZeneca and owning stock in Sahltech; Dr. Bouchard, receiving consulting fees from New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Pathway Genomics, Weight Watchers, and Nike, payment for manuscript preparation from Elsevier and Wiley-Blackwell, royalties from Human Kinetics and Informa Healthcare, honoraria from NaturALPHA, and reimbursement for travel expenses from European College of Sports Sciences, Nordic Physiotherapy, Wingate Congress, and Euro Sci Open Forum; Dr. Björn Carlsson, being employed by and owning stock in AstraZeneca; Dr. Sjöholm, owning stock in Pfizer; Dr. Wedel, receiving consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Roche, and Novartis; and Dr. Lars Sjöström, serving as a member of the board of Lenimen, receiving lecture fees from AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson, and providing an expert statement on drug effects and weight-loss effects on obesity for AstraZeneca. No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.

Drs. Carlsson and Peltonen contributed equally to this article.

We thank the staff members at 480 primary health care centers and 25 surgical departments in Sweden that participated in the study; and Gerd Bergmark, Christina Torefalk and Lisbeth Eriksson for administrative support.

SOURCE INFORMATION

From the Institutes of Medicine (L.M.S.C., M.P., S.A., Å.A., B.C., P.J., C.M., C.P., S.R., K.S., E.S., P.-A.S., L.S.) and Surgery (H.L.), Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, and the Nordic School of Public Health (H.W.), Gothenburg, and the Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Örebro (I.N.) — all in Sweden; the Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (M.P.); and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge (C.B.).

Address reprint requests to Dr. Lars Sjöström at the SOS Secretariat, Vita Stråket 15, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden, or at lars.v.sjostrom@medfak.gu.se.

N Engl J Med 2012; 367:695-704

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Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

http://www.paintherapeuticsummit.com/agenda

Agenda

 
WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 3, 2012

7:45 Registration and Continental Breakfast

8:30 Chairperson’s Opening Remarks

William K. Schmidt, Ph.D. (biography), President, NorthStar Consulting, LLC, VP Clinical & Regulatory, Arcion Therapeutics, VP Clinical Development, CrystalGenomics (CG Pharmaceuticals)

8:45 Pain, Addiction, Abuse and Psychiatric Co-morbidities
Dr. Medve will discuss managing critical interplays and putting the patient at the center of the treatment team.
The session will cover:

  • Addiction – what is it?
  • Animal models – can they predict human addiction?
  • Psychiatric illness vs pain vs addiction – how do these interplays work?
  • Opioids and the future of pain care
  • How best to manage patients in a complicated care system

Dr. Medve will also discuss Nektar’s recently Fast Tracked NCE opioid NKTR-181, which is designed to have a slow rate of entry into the brain to reduce the attractiveness of the molecule as a target of abuse and to reduce its CNS-mediated side effects.

Robert Medve, MD (biography), Vice President & Chief Medical Officer, Nektar Therapeutics

9:15 Allosteric Inhibitors of the NGF/TrkA Pathway: a Novel, Small Molecule Approach to Inhibiting Peripherally Mediated Pain
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) plays a significant role in the generation and maintenance of the nociceptive pain associated with a variety of human diseases. Array Biopharma has used a structural biology driven approach to develop potent, highly selective small molecules that inhibit TrkA kinase activity through allosteric modulation. The efficacy of TrkA inhibitors in rodent models of peripheral pain will be detailed. Additionally, potential mechanistic differentiation from the anti-NGF strategy will be discussed as will in vivo efficacy and long term safety associated with their small molecule inhibitors.

Steven Andrews, Ph.D., Associate Director, Drug Discovery, Array BioPharma

9:45 New Models of Pain in Freely Moving Rodents
The pain field has been frustrated by the limitations of the current evoked nociception models that are used for screening or target discovery. Regeneron has been working on several non-evoked models of visceral pain and deep tissue pain that are providing some interesting mechanistic insights. Dr. LaCroix-Fralish’s in vivo pharmacology team is seeking to develop therapeutics for the treatment of pain and neurological disability. In this presentation, he will discuss his team’s efforts to develop new models for visceral and deep tissue pain.

Michael LaCroix-Fralish, Ph.D.,(biography) Staff Scientist, Pain Therapeutics Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals

10:15 Poster Viewing & Refreshment Break

10:45 TRPA1 as a Pain Target: Progress and Challenge
A gain of function mutation of TRPA1 has been linked to familial episodic pain syndrome in humans. This result, coupled with a growing preclinical literature, has made TRPA1 an attractive pain target. Dr. Chen will address several key biology and drug discovery issues, including physiological/pathological function of TRPA1, species difference, therapeutic profile and drug discovery strategies.

Jun X. Chen, Ph.D. (biography), Principal Research Scientist GPRD, Neuroscience, Abbott Laboratories

11:15 Gene Therapy to Control Intractable Pain in Cancer Patients: A New Paradigm?
A very high proportion (up to 85%) of terminal cancer patients suffer from severe pain; current therapies, principally opioids, are of limited use. Benitec Biopharma Ltd. is developing a gene therapy strategy to control pain in such patients using intrathecal delivery of lentiviral particles expressing shRNA constructs designed to inactivate the Protein Kinase C gamma gene (PKCg) in neurones of the spinal cord. Others have demonstrated the strategy works in neuropathic pain models in rats. Benitec has developed constructs that strongly inactivate PKCg in vitro; these particular shRNAs target sequences within PKCg that are absolutely conserved between rat and humans as well as pre-clinical test species (dogs and macaques), simplifying pre-clinical testing. These new constructs are being validated in rat pain models and protocols for pre-clinical testing are being developed. Benitec believes a gene therapy  approach for pain control in terminal cancer patients is warranted, the approach is relatively low risk and offers the prospect of a single treatment providing long term pain relief.

Peter French, Ph.D. (biography), Chief Executive Officer, Benitec Biopharma

11:45 Pain in Children: Challenges in Conducting Pediatric and Neonatal Pain Studies and Treating Pain in Children
This presentation will cover the following:

  • Developmental physiology and pharmacology, including enzyme maturation and drug metabolism
  • Pain measures: assessments from neonates through adolescents
  • Challenges in clinical study design, including: recruitment, use of placebo, blood volume restrictions and formulations
  • Current concepts in the treatment of pain in children

Ernest A. Kopecky Ph.D, MBA, VP Clinical Development, Head, Neuroscience TA, COLLEGIUM Pharmaceutical

12:15 Luncheon

1:30 Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain States

Tony L. Yaksh, Ph.D. (biography), Professor & Vice Chair for Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Professor of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego

2:00 Minimizing Experimental Error in Analgesic Research by Reducing Placebo Response and Variability
The properly educated patient can be your greatest ally in producing a positive analgesic clinical trial. A significant portion of an analgesic investigation’s variability is produced secondary to cognitive gaps that the patient may have when interpreting the various protocol mandated scales and questions. All pharmaceutical companies spend a large amount of time perfecting their protocol and selecting/educating quality sites so that the efficacy of their drug can be statistically demonstrated. However, an equal amount of effort is rarely placed on patient education. This piece of the puzzle is the responsibility of the site and as such, we have developed educational materials to reduce placebo response and garner data that is as “true” as possible. This talk will discuss placebo response training and other ways to mitigate variability in analgesic clinical trials.

Neil Singla, MD (biography), Founder & Chief Scientific Officer, Lotus Clinical Research, LLC

2:30 Analgesic Potential of TRPA1 Antagonists
TRPA1 serves as a broad sensor for the detection of both endogenous and exogenous reactive chemicals. This presentation will review the rationale for targeting TRPA1 for the treatment of pain, including peri-operative, inflammatory, visceral and neuropathic conditions. In addition, recent progress on the clinical development of TRPA1 antagonists will be summarized, including data from Cubist and Hydra Bioscience’s clinical development programs.

Magdalene Moran, Ph.D. (biography), Vice President, Biology, Hydra Biosciences

3:00 Poster Viewing & Refreshment Break

3:30 Overview of Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Tanezumab, a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Nerve Growth Factor for Treatment of Chronic Pain
Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been increasingly implicated as a facilitator of pain in human diseases and related animal disease models. Monoclonal antibodies targeting NGF have shown compelling efficacy in relieving pain in a number of painful conditions. This presentation will review the current analgesic efficacy and safety profile of tanezumab, a monoclonal antibody in late-stage development for chronic pain.

Mark T. Brown, MD (biography), Executive Director, Clinical Program Leader for Osteoarthritis and Cancer Pain Studies, Pfizer Inc.

4:00 Conotoxins: Molecular Tools to Dissect Pain Pathways
Conotoxins are disulfide-rich peptides isolated from the venom of the predatory cone snail. Millions of years of natural selection fine-tuned this complex mixture of venom peptides to be highly potent and selective to various ion channels, transporters and GPCRs. In particular their subtype selectivity make them preferred tools for the study of receptors (e.g. ionchannels) involved in neuropathic pain. With ready access to sequencers we are now able to mine the transcriptome of the venom ducts, providing us with more sequence information than we can produce, certainly putting the pressure back on developing better synthetic methodologies. In this presentation, Dr. Muttenthaler will describe the discovery, synthesis and application of this class of compounds with a focus on the latest advancement in creating a diverse toolbox for neuroscientists.

Markus Muttenthaler, Ph.D. (biography), Departments of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute

4:30 Making Investment Choices in Pain Management
In this presentation, Dr. Meltzer will walk the audience through some top line discussions of how Purdue Pharma is looking at the current and future marketplace of pain management and how that influences investment choices.

Brian Meltzer, MD(biography) Executive Director, R&D Innovation, Purdue Pharma

5:00 Cocktail Reception

THURSDAY OCTOBER 4, 2012

8:15 Chairperson’s Opening Remarks

William K. Schmidt, Ph.D. (biography), President, NorthStar Consulting, LLC, VP Clinical & Regulatory, Arcion Therapeutics, VP Clinical Development, CrystalGenomics (CG Pharmaceuticals)

8:20 Addressing Acute and Persistent Pain at its Origins: Transcription Factor Decoys For Pain Prevention and Treatment
Adynxx Inc. is developing a transformative technology platform addressing pain at its molecular roots – preventing the development of pain following surgery or trauma and resolving established chronic pain syndromes. The Adynxx platform utilizes a proprietary form of oligonucleotide technology – small pieces of DNA that bind to transcription factors and inhibit their activity. Adynxx’s lead compound, AYX1, is designed to prevent acute post-surgical pain and the transition to persistent or chronic pain with a single intrathecal administration at the time of surgery. AYX1 acts by inhibiting the spinal cord activity of transcription factor EGR1, a powerful molecular switch whose function is critical in the establishment and maintenance of post-surgical or trauma-related pain. In this presentation, Dr. Manning will discuss the concept of transcription factor decoys, the preclinical data from several rodent models of post-surgical pain, mechanical hyperalgesia and functional recovery.  AYX1 entered clinical trials in Q2 2012 and data from Phase 1 safety and general development plans will be discussed.

Donald C. Manning, MD, Ph.D. (biography), Chief Medical Officer, Adynxx Inc.

8:50 Overview of Fulranumab, an Anti-NGF Antibody for Treatment of Chronic Pain
A variety of anti-NGF compounds are currently in development.  Fulranumab is a fully human anti-NGF antibody that shows promise in relief of a variety of pain models.  This presentation will review the clinical efficacy and safety profile that has been developed to date.

David Upmalis, MD, Senior Director and Compound Development Team Leader, fulranumab, Janssen Research Foundation

9:20 Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists for Chronic Neuropathic Pain
The clinical management of chronic neuropathic pain is limited by marginal effectiveness and unacceptable side effects of current analgesics such as opiates, gabapentanoid or drugs that modulate the noradrenergic/serotonergic pathway: novel analgesics are therefore needed. Dr. Salvemini’s findings identify therapeutic use of selective A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonists in chronic neuropathic pain of distinct etiologies including chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain caused by paclitaxel, oxaliplatin and bortezomib. In addition, A3AR agonists increase the potency and efficacy of morphine, gabapentin and amitriptyline. Her team’s findings provide the pharmacological rationale for therapeutic development of A3AR agonists, as novel analgesics for the management of chronic neuropathic pain.

Daniela Salvemini, Ph.D., Professor, Saint Louis University School of Medicine

9:50 Poster Viewing & Refreshment Break

10:15 Mechanisms and Novel Treatment of Neuropathic Pain

Allan Basbaum, Ph.D. (biography), Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco

10:45 Panel Session: Treating Pain in the Clinic – the Physician’s Perspective on Unmet Need and the Challenges Facing Pain Drug Developers

Chair: William K. Schmidt, Ph.D. (biography), President, NorthStar Consulting, LLC, VP Clinical & Regulatory, Arcion Therapeutics, VP Clinical Development, CrystalGenomics (CG Pharmaceuticals)

Sean Mackey, MD, Ph.D. (biography), Chief, Division of Pain Management, Stanford University School of Medicine, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Director, Stanford Systems Neuroscience & Pain Lab

Lynn Webster, MD, (biographyMedical Director, CRI Lifetree, President-Elect, The American Academy of Pain Medicine

Michael S. Leong, MD, Clinic Chief, Stanford Pain Medicine Center, Clinical Associate Professor, Anesthesia, Stanford University

11:45 Neuroimaging Based Pain Detection: Findings and Applications
Dr. Mackey will cover recent advances in neuroimaging as an objective tool for the detection of pain. He will discuss recent data for both detection of acute and chronic pain, and potential applications.

Sean Mackey, MD, Ph.D. (biography), Chief, Division of Pain Management, Stanford University School of Medicine, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Director, Stanford Systems Neuroscience & Pain Lab

12:15 Luncheon

1:15 An NGF Inhibitor Update: Thoughts and Observations Regarding the Future of this Class of Pain Therapeutics
Dr. Lane will discuss results from Phase 2 and 3 studies that have come out in past months. She will also cover status of their development and what the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee’s recent recommendation to lift the hold on NGF inhibitors in clinical development means for the future of this class of pain therapeutics.

Nancy E. Lane, MD (biography), Endowed Professor of Medicine and Rheumatology, Director, Musculoskeletal Diseases of Aging Research Group Director, Academic Geriatric Resource Program, Co-Director, Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH), Co-Director, Center for Translational Research in Osteoarthritis, UC Davis Health System

1:45 Panel Session: NGF Antagonists Back on Track: Clinical Development Challenges and Opportunities Moving Forward

Chair: William K. Schmidt, Ph.D. (biography), President, NorthStar Consulting, LLC, VP Clinical & Regulatory, Arcion Therapeutics, VP Clinical Development, CrystalGenomics (CG Pharmaceuticals)

Mark T. Brown, MD (biography), Executive Director, Clinical Program Leader for Osteoarthritis and Cancer Pain Studies, Pfizer Inc.

Nancy E. Lane, MD (biography), Endowed Professor of Medicine and Rheumatology, Director, Musculoskeletal Diseases of Aging Research Group Director, Academic Geriatric Resource Program, Co-Director, Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH), Co-Director, Center for Translational Research in Osteoarthritis, UC Davis Health System

David Upmalis, MD, Senior Director and Compound Development Team Leader, fulranumab, Janssen Research Foundation

Steven Andrews, Ph.D., Associate Director, Drug Discovery, Array Biopharma

2:45 End of Conference

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SAME SCIENTIFIC IMPACT: Scientific Publishing – Open Journals vs. Subscription-based

Reporters: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN & Pnina G. Abir-Am, PhD

Drastic change in academic education by design: FREE ACCESS to knowledge — Program edX – the  Harvard+MIT collaboration on Online education!! 
FREE ACCESS to Scientific Journals will be the next step. Research to support that by a study carried by Bjork, B. C., and D. Solomon. 2012. Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact. BMC Medicine. 10(1):73+. 
“Following step will be to demonstrated that Scientific Websites like http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com have SAME Scientific impact as Open Journals!!
“We are well positioned to demonstrate that” said Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN, Director & Founder of Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence and the 2/2012 launcher of the initiative called  http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com  To trace her contributions to Research Methodology, 1976-2005, go to  https://sites.google.com/site/avivasopusmagnum/aviva-s-home-page
The merit of Scientific Website is manifold:
  • Time from Lab/Desk to Publication on the Internet and Search engines is reduced to seconds
  • comments by other scientists are equally valuable to peer review
  • collaboration with other scientist around the globe is fostered on WWW
  • the platform is of collaborative authoring, we have 60 categories of research in one site
  • interdisciplinary work can be published in one site the over arching domain in our case is Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
In May 2012 MIT and Harvard are collaborating on distribution of course material of all classes on the Internet – a Program called EdX
In the Press Release“EdX represents a unique opportunity to improve education on our own campuses through online learning, while simultaneously creating a bold new educational path for millions of learners worldwide,” MIT President Susan Hockfield said.

Harvard President Drew Faust said, “edX gives Harvard and MIT an unprecedented opportunity to dramatically extend our collective reach by conducting groundbreaking research into effective education and by extending online access to quality higher education.”

“Harvard and MIT will use these new technologies and the research they will make possible to lead the direction of online learning in a way that benefits our students, our peers, and people across the nation and the globe,” Faust continued.

Princeton, Stanford, Michigan and the University of Pennsylvania announced that they would offer free Web-based courses through a for-profit company called Coursera that was founded by two Stanford computer science professors. One of those professors, Andrew Ng, taught a free online course in machine learning this past fall with an enrollment of more than 100,000 students.

There’s also Udacity, co-founded by a former Stanford professor, andKhan Academy, which boasts 3,100 free educational videos across a variety of subjects.

MIT and Harvard said that they hope to eventually partner with other universities to expand the offerings on the edX platform.

Results of the BMC Medicine study are reported, below and they are:  Open Access, But Same Impact
profile

BioTechniques

http://www.biotechniques.com/news/Open-Access-But-Same-Impact/biotechniques-333012.html#.UA2SsRxueMU 

Open Access, But Same Impact

07/19/2012

Jesse Jenkins
By comparing two-year impact factors for journals, researchers found that open access and subscription-based journals have about the same scientific impact.
Open access (OA) journals are approaching the same scientific impact and quality as traditional subscription journals, according to a new study. In a study published in BMC Medicine on July 17 (1), researchers surveyed the impact factors, the average number of citations per paper published in a journal during the two preceding years, of OA and traditional subscription journals.

By comparing two-year impact factors for journals from the four countries that publish the most scientific literature, researchers have found that OA journals have about the same scientific impact as their subscription-based counterparts. Source: BMC Medicine.

At first, the study’s authors—Bo-Christer Björk from the Hanken School of Economics in Helsinki, Finland, and David Solomon from the College of Human Medicine at Michigan State University—found that there was a 30% higher average citation rate for subscription journals. But after controlling for journal discipline, location of publisher, and age of publication, their results showed that OA and subscription journals had nearly identical scientific impact.

“The newer open access published within the last 10 years, particularly those journals funded by article processing fees, had basically the same impact as subscription journals within the same category,” said Solomon. “I think that that is the key finding.”

The initial higher citation rate for subscription journals was the result of a higher percentage of older OA journals from countries that are not major publishing countries. “A lot of them are from South America or other developing countries, and they tend to have lower impact factors,” said Solomon. “When you compare apples to apples and start looking within subgroups, particularly journals launched after 2000 in biomedicine for example, the differences fall away.”

However, the authors identified a sector of low quality, OA publishers that are looking to capitalize on the article processing charge model rather than contribute to the advancement of science. Solomon said that this could partly be to blame for negative perceptions about the integrity of OA publishing as a whole and its impact on the peer review system. But most researchers are aware of these low-quality publishers and prefer to publish in more reputable OA journals.

In the end, Bjork and Solomon are hopeful that the study’s findings may help dispel some of the misconceptions in the debate over OA publishing. “Open access journals still have the reputation of being second class in the minds of some people. So, we think that this is important because this is objective data verifying that at least the open access journals published in the last 10 years by professional publishers are on par with subscription journals.”

References

  1. Bjork, B. C., and D. Solomon. 2012. Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact. BMC Medicine. 10(1):73+.

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