Healthcare analytics, AI solutions for biological big data, providing an AI platform for the biotech, life sciences, medical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as for related technological approaches, i.e., curation and text analysis with machine learning and other activities related to AI applications to these industries.
Rare earth-doped nanoparticles applications in biological imaging and tumor treatment
Reporter: Irina Robu, PhD
Bioimaging aims to interfere as little as possible with life processes and can be used to gain information on the 3-D structure of the observed specimen from the outside. Bioimaging ranges from the observation of subcellular structures and the entire cells over tissues up to entire multicellular organisms. The technology uses light, fluorescence, ultrasound, X-ray, magnetic resonance as sources of imaging. The more common imaging is fluorescence imaging which is used to monitor the dynamic interaction between the drug molecules and tumor cells and the ability to monitor the real time dynamic process in biological tissues.
Researchers from the Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) described the recent progress they made in the rare earth-doped nanoparticles in the field of bio-engineering and tumor treatment. It is well known that producing small nanoparticles with good dispersion and exploitable optical coherence properties is highly challenging. According to them, these rare earth-doped nanoparticles can be vested with additional capabilities such as water solubility, biocompatibility, drug-loading ability and the target ability for different tumors by surface functionalization. The luminescent properties and structure design were also looked at.
According to the Chinese researchers, for applying the RE-doped NPs to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, their first goal is to improve water solubility and biocompatibility. The second goal would be to give the nanoparticles the ability to target tumors by surface functionalization. Lastly, biocompatible water-soluble tumor-targeting NPs can be used as carriers to load drugs for treatment of tumor cells. All things considered, the recent research progress on the development of fluorescence intensity of NPs, surface modification, and tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment has also been emphasized.
The cardiovascular team at SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital found a solution for better surgical planning using 3D printing. As a pediatric center, Glennon Children’s Hospital deals with the most complex patients, which requires surgeries within days or weeks of birth. According to the center, one of the pediatric patients was an infant diagnosed in utero via fetal ultrasound with an unusual form of switch of great arteries. Deoxygenated blue blood entered the right atrium which connected to the left ventricle, then to the aorta and the oxygenated red blood entered the left atrium which connects to the right ventricle and then to the pulmonary artery. The pediatric patients had a very large ventricular septal defect connecting both ventricles and severe narrowing between the left ventricle and the aorta.
It is obvious that the patient was fairly blue as deoxygenated blood was directed toward the aorta. The balloon atrial septostomy made in the first few days of life. Yet, the tachycardia persisted. The surgical team from SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital, led by Charles Huddleston, MD used 3D printing to identify the anatomy of the patient clearly and provided them with the ability to repair the mitral valve. It seems that the neonatal atrial switch appeared to be the best plan, even if the operation proved challenging.
The team knew that they could go into the procedure knowing that the tissue can be safely removed without damage to the mitral valve. The team was able to show that the 3D model was essential in determining the optimal surgical approach and with the help of the 3D printed heart model, the neonatal atrial switch, the VSD closure and the subaortic stenosis resection was performed effectively on a 20-day infant. The surgery allowed the mitral valve function to remain intact. The pediatric patient cardiac function improved gradually and is expected to have an excellent recovery.
Philly Biotech Scene: Biobots and 3D Bioprinting (Now Called Allevi)
Reporter: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.
Biobots now known as Allevi, Inc.. Their new Biobots community has been renamed Allevi Academy.
The goal of BioBots has always been the same: Give laboratories the ability to create living things from scratch. Those things–such as pieces of tissue or bone–could then be studied with the hopes of finding cures and solving diseases.
That vision helped the company’s co-founders, Ricky Solorzano and Danny Cabrera, land on Inc.’s 30 Under 30 list in 2016. And while the original goal has remained, much has changed. In August, Cabrera, the company’s first CEO, left the Philadelphia-based startup. And in November, the company rebranded, changing its name to a more mature but far less memorable name, Allevi.
“People think running a startup is just a straight line, that you go in one direction,” Solorzano, who has since shifted from CTO to CEO, tells Inc. “You really go up, down, sideways, left, right, 45 degrees this way, 90 degrees that way.”
For Solorzano and Cabrera, the split represents the end of an era. The two Miami residents both attended the University of Pennsylvania, where they first discussed the idea of developing an affordable three-dimensional printer that could produce living tissue. They founded the company together in 2014.
The following is based on an interview back in 2016 I did with Biobots founders Danial Cabrera, Ricardo Solorzano, and Sohaib Hashimi.
A year ago (2014), we founded BioBots in a dorm room on top of a noisy college bar with the mission of conquering the largest mystery of our generation – life. Disillusioned with existing tools and technologies for engineering organisms, and inspired by the idea of biology as technology, we launched BioBots with a command: “Build with Life.”
It only took a few weeks for our first apostles to join us. Dr. Dan Huh and his student Yooni at Penn began working with a prototype that would become the first BioBot. With the help and unyielding support of our early clients and partners like Elliot Menschik at DreamIt Health, we began the journey of bringing biofabrication technology to people across the world.
Today hundreds of labs are turning to BioBots for tools that allow them to engineer biology. I am constantly inspired by our partners’ research projects, goals and progress; they consistently remind me that we are accelerating the pace not only of regenerative medicine, but of human evolution.
None of this would be possible without all of our BioBot employees, their families, our friends in the media, investors, and most importantly – our visionary clients, who continue to pour their passion, talents, energy and love into building this company. A year ago we were two guys in a bar. Today, hundreds of supporters have taken up the mantle of biofabricator.
Our vision at BioBots is to make tools that harness life as an engineering discipline and push the human race forward. We look forward to helping you do much more and test the boundary of what we can build with biology. Thank you for being a part of our journey!
“Life is the oldest and most efficient manufacturing technology that we as people know of. It’s become clear over the past several decades as scientists have engineered life to work for us, that biology is the next frontier for manufacturing. However, there is one thing missing. Doing biology today is the equivalent of computer programming 50 years ago – it’s inefficient, it’s slow, and the technology is only available to scientists at well-funded institutions, out of the hands of the ordinary people that could be leading this new revolution.” ~ BioBots CEO Danny Cabrera to 3DPrint.com
BioBots is a company launched by Daniel Cabrera, a recent graduate of University of Pennsylvania’s Engineering School, as well as Ricardo Solorzano and Sohaib Hashmi, who are staff research specialists in the Perelman School of Medicine (UPenn). The three got together to create a 3D bioprinter capable of printing in multiple body tissues. While this certainly isn’t the first ever bioprinter created, Cabrera tells us that it is not the same as others on the market today.
“Employing the tool that transformed traditional avenues of manufacturing, we at BioBots are using 3D printers to engineer biology,” Cabrera told 3DPrint.com. “Our 3D bioprinters employ the use of a novel extrusion process that addresses the previous technical hurdles of 3D bioprinting, as well as a biomaterials cartridge system that makes this revolutionary technology accessible to untrained users. Just imagine the kind of products that people will build now that they can plug and print living tissues. At BioBots, we are building this future, today.”
The BioBot 3D printer works with both “Blue Light” and UV light. The cell solution, which contains living, growing cells as well as vasculature for nourishment, is extruded from the 3D printer in a similar fashion to how at-home fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers work. However, different from your typical FFF 3D printer, once a biological material has been extruded, an ultraviolet light (or Blue Light) cures and hardens it. This occurs one layer at a time until the desired object is printed. The objects printed can be living cell tissue or non-living scaffolds, and Cabrera tells us that over a dozen different cell types have been used with these printers so far. The unique cartridge system that BioBots’ bioprinter uses, enable users to easily switch between the printing of different biological materials, almost as easily as a normal desktop printer can switch between colors.
“We have won several innovation competitions and recently received funding from DreamIt Health, a start-up accelerator program based out of Philadelphia,” said Cabrera. “We are opening a Beta program with the goal of placing printers in the hands of the best experts and working with them to generate publishable data. The idea is to generate interest in this area and inform scientists about the tool we’re developing through published research. We currently have Beta tester relationships in place with Dr. Dan Huh’s lab at Penn, Dr. Kara Spiller’s lab in Drexel, and Dr. Kevin Costa’s lab in Mt. Sinai and are definitely looking to expand.”
The company is also open to accepting many new Beta testers into the program. That program costs a mere $5,000 and supplies the following benefits to the testers:
A 3D bioprinter (80um resolution) capable of extruding a variety of hydrogels (collagen, alginate, agarose, polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, etc.)
1 Year service agreement & active development for your bioprinter
BioBots software package
Access to an online community of collaborators who are working together to solve tough tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomaterials problems
Having your work showcased at a number of conferences that BioBots has been invited to speak at
For those interested in joining the Beta program, they are asked to email the company for more details.
The team behind BioBots is equally as impressive as the machine itself. Cabrera has recently graduated from UPenn, where he studied computer science and biology, and won first place in the North America International Genetically Engineered Machines competition for his work on automating genetic engineering work flows and making life easier to engineer. The company’s CTO has been working in the field of regenerative medicine for about 4 years, and has authored several papers on building 3D blood vessels. He actually built the first BioBots prototype from his dorm room at UPenn.
While the Beta program is meant as a way in which the company can build up their user base, solidify a community of doctors, engineers, designers, educators and students, and test out their latest version of their BioBots bioprinter, others can pre-order the printer for $25,000. The team isn’t only targeting Ph.D researchers. They want these machines to be used by educators and researchers everywhere. “Our 3D bioprinters enable users to easily print high resolution biological structures – whether you’re a researcher on the frontier of regenerative medicine or a high school biology teacher,” said Cabrera.
While we are still far away from 3D printing working organs, the fact that BioBots offers a 3D printer capable of printing in a vast array of biological materials at a price starting as low as $5,000, means that this technology can reach the hands of virtually any researchers interested in studying the potential that it holds for the future. Other bioprinters from larger companies can cost upwards of $250,000, severely limiting access. This is wear BioBots may become quite revolutionary.
Cabrera tells us that they are working on curriculum/lesson plans to go along with their printers, so that high school students can learn about bioprinting through the use of these relatively affordable machines.
When I asked Cabrera how long he thinks it will be, before we see fully printed working organs, he told me that it isn’t about the technology not being there, but rather its about researchers being able to come up with ways to use it. His guess is that within the next 10-15 years we may see the first 3D printed working organ.
What do you think? Will the BioBots 3D bioprinter lead the way in allowing researchers to fully investigate and innovate upon this technology? Discuss in theBioBots forum thread on 3DPB.com. Check out the videos below, including the first one, showing a demo of the BioBots printer using photocurable PEG.
Biobots offers, on their site at https://www.biobots.io/build-with-life/
Wikis: where one can browse through these pages to learn about established biotechnologies, tissue fabrication methods, foundational advances in biology and in our ability to design and engineer living things.
Protocols: where one can find information in a “Use the protocols section” to learn more about how to interact with your BioBot 1, different bioinks, and new emerging biofabrication techniques. This is the place to develop and share new methods.
BioReports: a collection of experimental logs with methodology used and results obtained from experiments using the BioBot systems
Advantages of the Biobots system
PRECISION
Our team of engineers has worked hard to ensure precision in every aspect of BioBot 1. We use linear rails over less expensive belt systems that slip and require adjustment, guaranteeing a consistent 10 micron precision on each axis.
Other Articles on this Open Access Journal on 3D Bioprinting Include:
3D printing is a fabrication technique used to transform digital objects into physical models, which builds structures of arbitrary geometry by depositing material in successive layers on the basis of specific digital design. Even though, the use of 3D bioprinting in cardiovascular medicine is relatively new development, advancement within this discipline is occurring at such a rapid rate. Most cardiologists believed the costs would be too high for routine use such that the price tag was better for academic applications.
Now as the prices are starting to lower, the idea of using 3D printed models of organs vessels and tissue manufactured based on CT, MRI and echocardiography might be beneficial according to Dr. Fadi Matar, professor at University of South Florida. He and his cardiology colleagues use 3D printed models to allow them to view patient’s complex anatomies before deciding what treatments to pursue. The models allow them to calculate the size and exact placement of devices which has led to shorter procedure time and better outcome.
In a study published in Academic Radiology, David Ballard, professor at University School of Medicine appraised the costs of setting up a 3D printing lab including the commercial printer plus software, lab space, materials and staffing. According to Ballard’s team, the commercial printers start at $12,000 but can be as high as high as $500,000.
According to American Medical Association-approved Category III Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes allows cardiology relief from setting up a new 3D printing lab such as Codes 0559T and 0560T, for individually prepared 3D-printed anatomical models with one or more components (including arteries and veins) and Codes 0561T and 0562T, which are for the production of personalized 3D-printed cutting or drilling tools that use patient imaging data and often are used to guide or facilitate surgery.
These codes have been met with enthusiasm by teams eyeing 3D printing, but there are noteworthy limitations to Category III codes—which are temporary codes describing emerging technologies, services and procedures that are used for tracking effectiveness data. It is important to note that Category III codes are not reimbursed but often are a step toward reimbursement.
New and improved materials also might lead to a sharper focus on 3D printing in cardiology. Dr. Fadi Matar says companies are working on materials that better mimic elements of the heart. Such “mimicry” ought to enhance the value of 3D-printed models since they will give cardiologists more realistic insights into how specific devices will interact with an individual patient’s heart. Even with the complex modalities of using 3D bioprinting, in time there would be less obstacles to being able to set up a 3D bioprinter lab.
3D-Printed Brain Clear the Way to Find Cancer Treatments
Reported by: Irina Robu, PhD
Glioblastomas are aggressive and malignant grade IV brain tumors and can located wherever in the brain and do not regularly spread outside of the brain. Common symptoms patients with glioblastoma experience include headaches, seizures, confusion, memory loss, muscle weakness, visual changes, language deficit, and cognitive changes. Glioblastomas tend to affect older individuals (age 45 to 70) with rare occurrences in children. Treatment methods typically include a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and alternating electric fields therapy.
Scientists at Northwestern University developed a technique to study their fast spreading cancer using a 3D structure made of agglomeration of human brain cells and biomaterials, which can help doctors better understand how the tumor grows and speed up the potential discovery of novel drugs to fight it. A water-based substance serves as a matrix to hold the cells into place. However, inside the living brain, scientists can’t observe how the tumor cells grow or respond the treatment and they have to use mice/rats to understand tumor development. Animal studies are expensive and time consuming, but the 3D printed live tissue allows researchers to study glioblastoma to be studied more directly.
To understand what happens inside the 3D model, the researchers used a laser to scan the sample and create a snapshot of the cellular structure. This combination allows them to assess the effectiveness of a commonly used chemotherapy drug, temozolomide. The drug, temozolomide kills glioblastoma cells in two-dimensional models, but when put into a three-dimensional one, the tumor rebounded which implies that the drug did not work in the long term.
This 3D model may be able to speed up that process to weed out ineffective drugs first, confirming that only the most promising ones move to animal, and eventually human, trials.
How is the 3D Printing Community Responding to COVID-19?
Reporter: Irina Robu, PhD
As the new pandemic COVID-19 takes over the globe, several countries are implementing travel restrictions, social distancing and work from home policies. Healthcare systems are overloaded and fatigued by this new coronavirus (COVID-19). Since COVID-19 is a respiratory illness, patients require specialist respirators to take over the role of the lungs. These respirators are in short supply, however, along with medical personnel, hospital space and other personal safety equipment required to treat patients.
Professional AM providers, makers and designers in the 3D printing community have started to answer to the global crisis by volunteering their respective skills to ease the pressure on supply chains and governments. The additive manufacturing and 3D printing community has numerous members keen to support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A hospital in Brescia, Italy with 250 Coronavirus patients lacking breathing machines has recently run out of the respiratory valves needed to connect the patients to the machines. In response to the situation, the CEO of Isinnova, Cristian Fracassi used 3D bioprinting to produce 100 respirator valves in 24 hours, which are currently being put to use in the Brescian hospital.
At the same time, Materialise, has released files for a 3D printed hands-free door handle attachment to lessen Coronavirus transmission via one of the most common mediums. Door handles are exposed to a lot of physical contact over the course of a day, especially in public spaces such as offices and hospitals. The 3D printable add-on allows users to carry out the lever action required to pop open most modern doors using their elbows.
Protolabs, a leading on-demand manufacturer with 3D Printing is using rapid production methods to good use during the current Coronavirus outbreak by producing components for #COVID19 test kits and ventilators. California-based Airwolf3D volunteered their own fleet of 3D printers for the manufacturing of respirator valves and custom medical components. The company is also offering remote technical support for medical staff that would like to know more about 3D printing.
Volkswagen has started a task force that will adapt its car-making capacity and manufacturing facilities to the production of hospital ventilators and medical devices. Using their own 125 industrial 3D printers to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, Volkswagen is donating face masks to healthcare providers and local authorities as part of an agreement made with German Health Minister.
Stratasys has organized its global 3D printing resources to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic by printing full-face shields to provide protection to healthcare workers. The company showed that the strength of 3D bioprinting can be adapted on the fly to address shortages of parts related to shields, masks, and ventilators, among other things.
Doctors, hospital technicians and 3D-printing specialists are also using Google Docs, WhatsApp groups and online databases to trade tips for building, fixing and modifying machines like ventilators to help treat the rising number of patients with COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus.
The efforts come as supply shortages loom in one of the biggest challenges for health care systems around the world.
Imagine a scenario, where years from now, one of your organs stop working properly. What would you do? The current option is to wait in line for a transplant, hoping that the donor is a match. But what if you can get an organ ready for you with no chance of rejection? Even though it may sound like science fiction at the current moment, organ 3D bioprinting can revolutionize medicine and health care.
I have always found the field of tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting fascinating. What interests me about 3D bioprinting is that it has the capacity to be a game changer, because it would make organs widely available to those who need them and it would eliminate the need for a living or deceased donor. Moreover, it would be beneficial for pediatric patients who suffer specific problems that the current bio-prosthetic options might not address. It would minimize the risk of rejection as well as the components would be customized to size.
There have been advancements in the field of 3D bioprinting and one such advancement is using a 3D printed cranium by neurosurgeons at the University Medical Centre Utrecht. The patient was a young woman who suffered from a chronic bone disorder. The 3D reconstruction of her skull would minimize the brain damage that might have occurred if doctors used a durable plastic cranium.
So, what exactly is bioprinting? 3D bioprinting is an additive manufacturing procedure where biomaterials, such as cells and growth factors, are combined to generate tissue-like structures that duplicate natural tissues. At its core, bioprinting works in a similar way to conventional 3D printing. A digital model becomes a physical 3D object layer-by-layer. However, in the case of bioprinting, a living cell suspension is used instead of a thermoplastic.
The procedure mostly involves preparation, printing, maturation and application and can be summarized in three steps:
Pre-bioprinting step which includes creating a digital model obtained by using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans which are then fed to the printer.
Bioprinting step where the actual printing process takes place, where the bioink is placed in a printer cartridge and deposition occurs based on the digital model.
Post-bioprinting step is the mechanical and chemical stimulation of printed parts in order to create stable biostructures which can ultimately be implanted.
3D bioprinting allows suitable microarchitectures that provide mechanical stability and promote cell ingrowth to be produced while preventing any homogeneity issues that occur after conventional cell seeding, such as cell placement. Immediate vascularization of implanted scaffolds is critical, because it provides an influx of nutrients and outflow of by-products preventing necrosis. The benefits of homogeneous seeded scaffolds are that it allows them to integrate faster into the host tissue, uniform cell growth in vivo and lower risk of rejection.
However, in order to address the limitations of the commercially available technology for producing tissue implants, researchers are working to develop a 3D bioprinter that can fit into a laminar flow hood, ultra-low cost and customizable for different organs. Bioprinting can be applied in a clinical setting where the ultimate goal is to implant 3D bioprinted structures into the patients, it is necessary to maintain sterile printing solutions and ensure accuracy in complex tissues, needed for cell-to-cell distances and correct output.
The final aim of bioprinting is to promote an alternative to autologous and allogeneic tissue implants, which will replace animal testing for the study of disease and development of treatments. We know that for now a short-term goal for 3D bioprinting is to create alternatives to animal testing and to increase the speed of drug testing. The long-term goal is to change the status quo, to develop a personalized organ made from patient’s own cells. However, some ethical challenges still exist regarding the ownership of the organ.
A powerful starting point is the creation of tissue components for heart, liver, pancreas, and other vital organs. Moreover, each small progress in 3D bioprinting will allow 3D bioprinting to make organs widely available to those who need them, instead of waiting years for a transplant to become available.
Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI) Group, Newsletter #1 – February 2020
Welcome to the premier issue of LPBI Group News, where readers can find relevant news and updates about science, business and medical innovation. This newsletter is distributed as a service for our readers.
The Conference Forum Highlights Immuno-Oncology 360° in New York
The Conference Forum is hosting Immuno-Oncology 360°, which reports on current data and developments of immuno-oncology in the science and business communities. The summit takes place on February 26-28 at the Crowne Plaza Times Square in New York.
Please visit www.io360summit.com to register and use code LPBI20 for a 20% discount.
e-Proceedings of 15th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference at Harvard Medical School
The 15th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference at Harvard Medical School, Boston last year [November 13-14, 2019], entitled The Paradigm Evolves, explored the science, business and policy issues facing personalized medicine. In today’s world, scientists need to understand how molecular diagnostics augmented by artificial intelligence, data analytics and digital health empowers physicians and patients in their health care decisions.
Please visit for LPBI Group coverage of the meeting, including social media activities at the conference:
3D Medical BioPrinting Technology Featured in Podcast
LPBI Group leaders, Aviva Lev-Ari, Ph.D., R.N., Stephen Williams, Ph.D., and Irina Robu, Ph.D., spoke with Partners in Health and Biz, a half-hour audio podcast that reaches 40,000 listeners, about the topic of 3D Medical BioPrinting Technology: A Revolution in Medicine.
The 3D BioPrinting technology is being used to develop advanced medical practices that will help with previously difficult processes, such as delivering drugs via micro-robots, targeting specific cancer cells and even assisting in difficult eye operations.
The table of contents in this book includes: Chapter 1: 3D Bioprinting: Latest Innovations in a Forty year-old Technology. Chapter 2: LPBI Initiative on 3D BioPrinting, Chapter 3: Cardiovascular BioPrinting, Chapter 4: Medical and Surgical Repairs – Advances in R&D Research, Chapter 5: Organ on a Chip, Chapter 6: FDA Regulatory Technology Issues, Chapter 7: DNA Origami, Chapter 8: Aptamers and 3D Scaffold Binding, Chapter 9: Advances and Future Prospects, Chapter 10: BioInks and MEMS, Chapter 11: BioMedical MEMS, Chapter 12: 3D Solid Organ Printing and Chapter 13: Medical 3D Printing: Sources and Trade Groups – List of Secondary Material.
New e-Book: Latest in Genomics Methodologies for Therapeutics: Gene Editing, NGS & BioInformatics, Simulations and the Genome Ontology
LPBI Group’s latest e-book entitled, Latest in Genomics Methodologies for Therapeutics: Gene Editing, NGS &BioInformatics, Simulations and the Genome Ontology, offers the reader content curation with embedded videos and audio podcasts, real-time conference e-Proceedings by LPBI’s scientists and professors and archived tweets of quotes from speakers at leading biotechnology conferences.
The book integrates in a single volume four distinct perspectives: basic science, technologies and methodologies, clinical aspects and business and legal aspects of genomics research. “The materials in this book represents the scientific frontier in Biological Sciences and Medicine related to the genomics aspects of disease onset,” said Aviva Lev-Ari, Ph.D., R.N., and founder of LPBI Group.
The book addresses:
aspects of life: the Cell, the Organ, the Human Body and Human Populations;
methodologies of genomic data analysis: Next Generation Sequencing, Gene Editing, AI, Single Cell Genomics, Evolution Biology Genomics, Simulation Modeling in Genomics, Genotypes and Phenotypes Modeling, measurement of Epigenomics effects on disease, and developments in Pharmaco-Genomics.
Additionally, artificial Intelligence in medicine is covered in Part 3 of the e-Book, which represents the frontier in this emerging field, with topics, such as the science, technologies and methodologies, clinical aspects, business and legal implications as well as the latest machine learning algorithms harnessed for medical diagnosis.
This e-book is significant because it:
contains 326 articles on topics, such as gene editing, bioinformatics and genome ontology;
incorporates 74e-Proceedings created in real time by the Book’s authors and editors
includes four collectionsof Tweets representing quotes from speakers at global leading conferences on Genomics
has 13 locationsof Videos and Audio Podcasts that serve to enrich the e-Reader’s experience.
The 3D BioPrinting technology is being used to develop advanced medical practices that will help with previously difficult processes, such as delivering drugs via micro-robots, targeting specific cancer cells and even assisting in difficult eye operations.
The table of contents in this book includes: Chapter 1: 3D Bioprinting: Latest Innovations in a Forty year-old Technology. Chapter 2: LPBI Initiative on 3D BioPrinting, Chapter 3: Cardiovascular BioPrinting, Chapter 4: Medical and Surgical Repairs – Advances in R&D Research, Chapter 5: Organ on a Chip, Chapter 6: FDA Regulatory Technology Issues, Chapter 7: DNA Origami, Chapter 8: Aptamers and 3D Scaffold Binding, Chapter 9: Advances and Future Prospects, Chapter 10: BioInks and MEMS, Chapter 11: BioMedical MEMS, Chapter 12: 3D Solid Organ Printing and Chapter 13: Medical 3D Printing: Sources and Trade Groups – List of Secondary Material.
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