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Lesson 4 Cell Signaling And Motility: G Proteins, Signal Transduction: Curations and Articles of reference as supplemental information: #TUBiol3373

Posted in Biochemical pathways, Biological Networks, Brain Basis of Emotion, Ca2+ triggered activation, Calcium, Calcium Signaling, Cancer - General, CANCER BIOLOGY & Innovations in Cancer Therapy, Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Signaling & Cell Circuits, Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Enzymes and isoenzymes, Kinase, Metabolism, Phosphatase, Phosphorylase, tyrosine decarboxylases, Ubiquitin, tagged arrestins, C-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), calcium signaling, CAMP, cGMP, G protein, G Protein coupling, G protein-coupled receptor, Insulin, JAK, Jak-STAT pathway, PKC, receptor desensitization, Receptor tyrosine kinases, receptor uncoupling, Second messenger system, tyrosine receptors on February 21, 2019| Leave a Comment »

Lesson 4 Cell Signaling And Motility: G Proteins, Signal Transduction: Curations and Articles of reference as supplemental information: #TUBiol3373

Curator: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D.

Updated 7/15/2019

Below please find the link to the Powerpoint presentation for lesson #4 for #TUBiol3373. The lesson first competes the discussion on G Protein Coupled Receptors, including how cells terminate cell signals. Included are mechanisms of receptor desensitization. Please NOTE that desensitization mechanisms like B arrestin decoupling of G proteins and receptor endocytosis occur after REPEATED and HIGH exposures to agonist. Hydrolysis of GTP of the alpha subunit of G proteins, removal of agonist, and the action of phosphodiesterase on the second messenger (cAMP or cGMP) is what results in the downslope of the effect curve, the termination of the signal after agonist-receptor interaction.

Click below for PowerPoint of lesson 4

Powerpoint for lesson 4

Please Click below for the papers for your Group presentations

paper 1: Membrane interactions of G proteins and other related proteins

paper 2: Macaluso_et_al-2002-Journal_of_Cellular_Physiology

paper 3: Interactions of Ras proteins with the plasma membrane

paper 4: Futosi_et_al-2016-Immunological_Reviews

Please find related article on G proteins and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases on this Open Access Online Journal

G Protein–Coupled Receptor and S-Nitrosylation in Cardiac Ischemia and Acute Coronary Syndrome

Action of Hormones on the Circulation

Newer Treatments for Depression: Monoamine, Neurotrophic Factor & Pharmacokinetic Hypotheses

VEGF activation and signaling, lysine methylation, and activation of receptor tyrosine kinase

Resistance to Receptor of Tyrosine Kinase

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Antimicrobial activity of ‘cleavage resistant’ peptoides

Posted in Infectious Disease & New Antibiotic Targets, tagged Amino acids, antimicrobials, bacteria, CAMP, cationic antimicrobial peptides, peptids, peptoids, serum albumin on July 28, 2012| Leave a Comment »

Reported by: Dr. Venkat S. Karra, Ph.D.

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are attractive scaffolds for the next generation of antimicrobial compounds, due to their broad spectrum of activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria and the reduced fitness of CAMP-insensitive mutants. Unfortunately, they are limited by poor in vivo performance, including ready cleavage by endogenous serum proteases.

Modified amino acid residues like peptoids are cleavage resistant, and have been recently used in the construction of a number of CAMP derivatives. Peptoid residues are structurally similar to amino acids, but have the R-group transferred from the α-carbon to the amide nitrogen. Lacking the ability to form backbone hydrogen bonds, peptoids do not form standard peptide secondary structures but able to mimic CAMP activity when composed of amphiphilic residues.

Having constructed a series of ultrashort antimicrobial lipopeptides, in the current study they prepared a series of ultrashort amphiphilic peptoids to better understand the effect of the modified backbone.

The activity of the peptoids was assessed against a panel of clinically relevant and laboratory reference bacteria, and the potential for non-specific binding was determined through hemolytic testing and repeating the antimicrobial testing in the presence of added bovine serum albumin (BSA).

The most active peptoids displayed good to moderate activity against most of the Gram positive strains tested and moderate to limited activity against the Gram negatives.

Antimicrobial activity was positively correlated with toxicity towards eukaryotic cells, but was almost completely eliminated by adding BSA.

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