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the application of two strategies,

• cloning of the cDNAs into a bacterial artificial chromosome and
• nuclear expression of RNAs that are typically produced within the cytoplasm

is useful for the engineering of large RNA molecules.
A cDNA encoding an infectious coronavirus RNA genome

• has been cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome.

The rescued coronavirus

• conserved all of the genetic markers introduced throughout the sequence and
• showed a standard mRNA pattern and

the antigenic characteristics expected for the synthetic virus.
The cDNA was transcribed

• within the nucleus, and
• the RNA translocated to the cytoplasm.

• essentially the same sequence as the original one, and
  • no splicing was observed.

During the engineering of the infectious cDNA,

• the spike gene of the virus was replaced by
• the spike gene of an enteric isolate.

The synthetic virus

• replicated abundantly in the enteric tract and was fully virulent, demonstrating that
• the tropism and virulence of the recovered coronavirus can be modified.

the application of two strategies,

• cloning of the cDNAs into a bacterial artificial chromosome and
• nuclear expression of RNAs that are typically produced within the cytoplasm,
  • is useful for the engineering of large RNA molecules.

A cDNA encoding an infectious coronavirus RNA genome has been cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome. The rescued coronavirus

• conserved all of the genetic markers introduced throughout the sequence and
• showed a standard mRNA pattern and
• the antigenic characteristics expected for the synthetic virus.
  • The cDNA was transcribed within the nucleus, and
  • the RNA translocated to the cytoplasm.

Interestingly, the recovered virus had essentially the same sequence as the original one, and no splicing was observed. During the engineering of the infectious cDNA, the spike gene of the virus was replaced by the spike gene of an enteric isolate. The synthetic virus

• replicated abundantly in the enteric tract and
• was fully virulent,

demonstrating that the tropism and virulence of the recovered coronavirus can be modified.}
http://www.PNAS.org/Engineering_the_largest_RNAvirus_genome_as_an_infectious_bacterial_artificial_chromosome/

Description: The interaction of mRNA in a cell. Source: http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Hyperion/DIR/VIP/Glossary/Illustration/mrna.shtml (file) License: “All of the illustrations in the Talking Glossary of Genetics are freely available and may be used without special permission.” http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10003803 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)