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High Concordance Between Mental Stress-Induced and Adenosine-Induced Myocardial Ischemia Assessed Using SPECT in Heart Failure Patients: Hemodynami… – PubMed – NCBI

August 8, 2015 by 2012pharmaceutical

 

High Concordance Between Mental Stress-Induced and Adenosine-Induced Myocardial Ischemia Assessed Using SPECT in Heart Failure Patients: Hemodynami… – PubMed – NCBI

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

J Nucl Med. 2015 Jul 23. pii: jnumed.115.157990. [Epub ahead of print]

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High Concordance Between Mental Stress-Induced and Adenosine-Induced Myocardial Ischemia Assessed Using SPECT in Heart Failure Patients: Hemodynamic and Biomarker Correlates

Andrew J Wawrzyniak 1, Vasken Dilsizian 2, David S Krantz 1, Kristie M Harris 3, Mark F Smith 2, Anthony Shankovich 2, Kerry S Whittaker 1, Gabriel A Rodriguez 1, John Gottdiener 4, Shuying Li 4, Willem Kop 5, Stephen S Gottlieb 6
Affiliations 

Free PMC article

Abstract

Mental stress can trigger myocardial ischemia, but the prevalence of mental stress-induced ischemia in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients is unknown. We characterized mental stress-induced and adenosine-induced changes in myocardial perfusion and neurohormonal activation in CHF patients with reduced left-ventricular function using SPECT to precisely quantify segment-level myocardial perfusion.

Methods: Thirty-four coronary artery disease patients (mean age±SD, 62±10 y) with CHF longer than 3 mo and ejection fraction less than 40% underwent both adenosine and mental stress myocardial perfusion SPECT on consecutive days. Mental stress consisted of anger recall (anger-provoking speech) followed by subtraction of serial sevens. The presence and extent of myocardial ischemia was quantified using the conventional 17-segment model.

Results: Sixty-eight percent of patients had 1 ischemic segment or more during mental stress and 81% during adenosine. On segment-by-segment analysis, perfusion with mental stress and adenosine were highly correlated. No significant differences were found between any 2 time points for B-type natriuretic peptide, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1b, troponin, vascular endothelin growth factor, IL-17a, matrix metallopeptidase-9, or C-reactive protein. However, endothelin-1 and IL-6 increased, and IL-10 decreased, between the stressor and 30 min after stress. Left-ventricular end diastolic dimension was 179±65 mL at rest and increased to 217±71 after mental stress and 229±86 after adenosine (P<0.01 for both). Resting end systolic volume was 129±60 mL at rest and increased to 158±66 after mental stress (P<0.05) and 171±87 after adenosine (P<0.07), with no significant differences between adenosine and mental stress. Ejection fraction was 30±12 at baseline, 29±11 with mental stress, and 28±10 with adenosine (P=not significant).

Conclusion: There was high concordance between ischemic perfusion defects induced by adenosine and mental stress, suggesting that mental stress is equivalent to pharmacologic stress in eliciting clinically significant myocardial perfusion defects in CHF patients. Cardiac dilatation suggests clinically important changes with both conditions. Psychosocial stressors during daily life may contribute to the ischemic burden of CHF patients with coronary artery disease.

Keywords: adenosine; heart failure; ischemia; mental stress; myocardial perfusion; single-photon emission computed tomography.

SOURCE

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26205303/

Posted in Cardiovascular Research, Frontiers in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disorders, Heart Failure (HF), Medical Imaging Technology, Image Processing/Computing, MRI, CT, Nuclear Medicine, Ultra Sound, Myocardial metabolism, Myocardial ischemia, myocardial perfusion, Myocardial adenine nucleotide metabolism | Leave a Comment »

More amputations, less revascularization among blacks with critical limb ischemia

August 8, 2015 by 2012pharmaceutical

More amputations, less revascularization among blacks with critical limb ischemia

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

 

 

 

 

Blacks with critical limb ischemia are disproportionately more likely to undergo limb amputation, according to a report presented at the Society for Vascular Surgery Annual Meeting. Researchers fro…

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Posted in Cardiac and Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures, Limb ischemia, Peripheral Arterial Disease & Peripheral Vascular Surgery | Leave a Comment »

Empress may have heart ailment

August 8, 2015 by 2012pharmaceutical

Empress Michiko may be suffering from myocardial ischemia, a heart ailment, the Imperial Household Agency said Thursday.

Agency officials said…

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.japantoday.com

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G-protein-coupled receptor kinases in inflammation and disease – Nature.com

August 8, 2015 by 2012pharmaceutical

G-protein-coupled receptor kinases in inflammation and disease – Nature.com

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

G-protein-coupled receptor kinases in inflammation and disease
Nature.com
Correspondence: N Parameswaran, Professor N Parameswaran, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

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Posted in Inflammatory Pathophysiology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Related Disorders | Leave a Comment »

Critical role of microRNAs after global myocardial ischemia and reperfusuion

August 8, 2015 by 2012pharmaceutical

Critical role of microRNAs after global myocardial ischemia and reperfusuion

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury

Sourced through Scoop.it from: ajbm.net

Critical role of microRNAs after global myocardial ischemia and reperfusuion

crossMark
American Journal of BioMedicine Volume 3, Issue 7, pages 451-467

Published: July 29, 2015

Renzo Grupper,  Ross Edward, Christian Walter, Eva Varnous

Abstract

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury is a major problem in heart transplantation and its mechanism is still not fully known. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded RNA molecules which play an important role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by inhibiting translation of target mRNAs. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanistic role of miRNAs on global myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. The mice heart was mounted in a Langendorff-type isolated heart perfusion system. The coronary effluent volume was measured at the various time intervals for a total of 120 min. Coronary flow rate (CFR, in ml · min−1 · g−1) was defined as the total volume collected during the reperfusion interval divided by the time, normalized by the heart wet weight (g), which was measured at the beginning of the experiment. The volume fraction of interstitial space (VFITS) in myocardial tissue was determined from H-E-stained sections by using the equation VFITS = (100% × area of interstitial space)/total tissue area. The mitochondrial cross-sectional area was measured. The number of fragmented mitochondria, the number of mitochondria with amorphous matrix densities or granular densities, and the total number of mitochondria studied in each group were counted. Further, The average LV dP/dt during 0–30, 30–60, 60–90, and 90–120 min of reperfusion was calculated from data continuously recorded during the corresponding reperfusion period. In conclusion the present data show that the miRNAs have a great potential as biomarker, therapeutic target, and led to significant new insights into the pathophysiology of global myocardial I/R, graft rejection.

Keywords: Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury; Heart transplantation; MicroRNAs; Coronary flow rate

SOURCE

https://ajbm.net/critical-role-of-micrornas-after-global-myocardial-ischemia-and-reperfusuion/

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Posted in Cardiovascular Research, Frontiers in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disorders, Myocardial metabolism, Myocardial ischemia, myocardial perfusion, Myocardial adenine nucleotide metabolism, RNA Biology | Leave a Comment »

Difference Between Hypoxia and Ischemia 

August 8, 2015 by 2012pharmaceutical

Difference Between Hypoxia and Ischemia

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

 

 

 

Key Difference – Hypoxia vs Ischemia   Hypoxia and Ischemia are both diseases caused due to the insufficiency of oxygen supply in the body, but there is a difference between hypoxia and ischemia. T…

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Posted in Hematology, Vascular Diseases | Leave a Comment »

Antibody found that fights MERS coronavirus

August 8, 2015 by 2012pharmaceutical

Antibody found that fights MERS coronavirus

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN


An international team of researchers has found a MERS neutralizing antibody—a discovery that could perhaps lead to a treatment for people infected with the virus. In their paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team describes the study they undertook that led to the discovery and why they believe what they found might lead to both prevention and treatment for the oftentimes deadly disease.

 

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an ailment that causes severe respiratory problems for those infected and has a high mortality rate. It is believed to have got its start in humans after jumping from camels (who got it from bats) somewhere in the Middle East but has subsequently been found in patients in many other places. The virus does not transmit from person to person very easily, thus the source of most infections is still not clear. To date MERS has killed more than 500 people in 26 countries since it was first identified back in 2012. The most recent outbreak has been taking place in South Korea.

 

Efforts to find a means of preventing people from falling prey to the virus or combating it in those afflicted have thus far failed. In this new effort, the researchers studied the immune response of a 49 year old male patient suffering from the condition, but whose immune system finally won out. In so doing, they were able to locate the specific antibody that they believe was instrumental in saving the man’s life—known as LCA60, it binds to the virus when it encounters it, preventing the virus from binding to CD26 receptor cells.

 

The researchers tested the antibody in mice (by both injection and inhalation) and found that doing so caused a steep reduction in the number of virus cells in the lungs. Notably, they found that they got nearly the same results whether the mice were given the antibody before or after they were infected. This suggests it might be possible to inject the antibody into people at risk to help them fight off the disease and also to use it as a treatment for those that already have it.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: medicalxpress.com

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Posted in Antibody Responses Predict Antigen Exposure, coronavirus, Immunology, Infectious Disease & New Antibiotic Targets, Microbiology, Virology | Leave a Comment »

A small power x-ray source and its applications in medicine

August 7, 2015 by danutdaagmailcom

A low

A small power x-ray source and its applications in medicine

Reporter: Danut Dragoi, PhD

 

In recent years, the scientists at UCLA Los Angeles CA http://www.nature.com/news/2008/081022/full/news.2008.1185.html have shown that simply peeling ordinary sticky tape in a vacuum can generate enough x-rays to take an image.

With the support from DARPA and private investors, a company was created, Tribogenics, to produce an unconventional x-ray source https://gigaom.com/2011/12/06/darpa-backed-start-up-builds-iphone-sized-x-ray-machines/ that doesn’t need vacuum, cooling system, and high voltage generator. The CEO of that company explains the applications in medicine: http://exponential.singularityu.org/medicine/dale-fox. The new x-ray source is non-expensive and affordable for more people in the field of medicine. Dale Fox, the CEO of Tribogenics company stated that about 4 billion people can benefit from this new x-ray source. The prospects for the new x-ray source and devices associated with are favorable for a steady growth, the year 2015 is a turning point in the production of the new devices for medical industry.

SOURCE

Camara, C. G., Escobar, J. V., Hird, J. R. & Putterman, S. J. Nature455, 1089–1092 (2008).

Nature 455, 1089-1092 (23 October 2008) | doi:10.1038/nature07378; Received 30 December 2007; Accepted 27 August 2008

Correlation between nanosecond X-ray flashes and stick–slip friction in peeling tape

Carlos G. Camara1,2, Juan V. Escobar1,2, Jonathan R. Hird1 & Seth J. Putterman1

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
  2. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to: Carlos G. Camara1,2Juan V. Escobar1,2 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.C. (Email: camara@physics.ucla.edu) or J.E. (Email: escobar@physics.ucla.edu).

 

Correlation between nanosecond X-ray flashes and stick–slip friction in peeling tape

Carlos G. Camara1,2, Juan V. Escobar1,2, Jonathan R. Hird1 & Seth J. Putterman1

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
  2. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to: Carlos G. Camara1,2Juan V. Escobar1,2Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.C. (Email: camara@physics.ucla.edu) or J.E. (Email: escobar@physics.ucla.edu).

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Relative motion between two contacting surfaces can produce visible light, called triboluminescence1. This concentration of diffuse mechanical energy into electromagnetic radiation has previously been observed to extend even to X-ray energies2. Here we report that peeling common adhesive tape in a moderate vacuum produces radio and visible emission3, 4, along with nanosecond, 100-mW X-ray pulses that are correlated with stick–slip peeling events. For the observed 15-keV peak in X-ray energy, various models5, 6 give a competing picture of the discharge process, with the length of the gap between the separating faces of the tape being 30 or 300 μm at the moment of emission. The intensity of X-ray triboluminescence allowed us to use it as a source for X-ray imaging. The limits on energies and flash widths that can be achieved are beyond current theories of tribology.

SOURCE

 

http://www.nature.com/news/2008/081022/full/news.2008.1185.html

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v455/n7216/full/nature07378.html

Posted in Medical Imaging Technology | Tagged | Leave a Comment »

Scientist career: experimentalist and/or theoretician

August 7, 2015 by danutdaagmailcom

Scientist career: experimentalist and/or theoretician

Author: Danut Dragot, PhD

The actual level of the society we live in depends on the prior progress done by all member of the society in which we include the scientists with two distinct branches: the experimentalist and the theoretician. In the past, according with the history of sciences the experimentalist and theoretician was the same person. Today there is a split between the two due to a deep division of work that is imposed by complexity of work, complexity of products, and complexity of thoughts.
One important aspect of the work of the experimentalist is that it is well appreciated among anyone involved on producing real things like: cars, planes, machinery, computers, iPhones, houses, etc. The work of theoretician is also appreciated by scientists, teachers, researchers, and less appreciated by product developers or tool refiners for machines and mundane installations because simply their theory doesn’t directly apply to that particular field. This aspect of appreciation, in which I believe is related to the level of education, becomes a subjective factor. It depends on how well key people in the social chain of development are thinking on doing things better with the goal to get the fastest pace on progress.
For a society to grow, it is important to unite all possible constructive factors in one productive direction. This process is like unifying all known physical fields in one self-consistent theory that will explain everything. Unfortunately, this scientific event did not practically happen yet. However, corrective patches exist that explain why today some categories of professionals get busier and new professions appear branching farther on the division of the work, that ignites new opportunities for many with a good cause. As we know, the capacity of brain to process information is very high, therefore a straightforward solution for the society to keep fast pace on progress is to produce highly qualified individuals to deal with these problems. The experimentalist and the theoretician started to play an important role on this historic development path. In free societies, like ours, the accommodation of all disciplines is based on competition that drives the will of people to pursue the career in the direction where theirs skills are maximized and their talents recognized. It looks like today, many people put a lot of credit on their education, many of them qualifying for two or more disciplines on the market competition. As a fact, today we cannot see often the two skills of the experimentalist and the theoretician together for a single individual. Not because the life is too short, but because there seems to be a limitation in understanding different or opposite things. In the history of sciences and arts we saw that the math does not stick with some degree with the arts. However, great people managed both skills like Aldous Huxley, who beautifully explained in a narrated manner, the Pythagorean Theorem in the story titled “Young Archimedes”.
An obvious practical question is what we can do when the competition is touching all of us, scientists, as well as non-scientists, with complex question imposed by actual technological level of the society? The solution is go back to the school! Read as much as you can, ask passionately a scientist, a doctor, a friend, a teacher, an engineer, a physicist. Be realist on what you know and how much you know. New players are coming for sure, irrespective of age, social position, or educational strength. Let’s give all candidates a chance to compete fairly, without prejudgments, and have great respect for all of them.

Posted in Scientist: Career considerations | Tagged | Leave a Comment »

Protected: LPBI & George Institute and George Clinical: Exploration of a Collaboration

August 5, 2015 by 2012pharmaceutical

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