Introduction to Lipid Metabolism
Author, Curator: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP
Introduction to Lipid Metabolism
This series of articles is concerned with lipid metabolism. These discussions lay
the groundwork to proceed to discussions that will take on a somewhat different
approach, but they are critical to developing a more complete point of view of life
processes. I have indicated that there are protein-protein interactions or protein-membrane interactions and associated regulatory features, but the focus of the
discussion or points made were different, and will be returned to. The role of
lipids in circulating plasma proteins as biomarkers for coronary vascular disease
can be traced to the early work of Frederickson and the classification of lipid disorders. The very critical role of lipids in membrane structure in health and
disease has had much less attention, despite the enormous importance,
especially in the nervous system.
This portion of the discussions of metabolism will have several topics on lipid
metabolism. The first is concerned with the basic types of lipids -which are defined structurally and have different carbon chain length, and have
two basic types of indispensible fatty acid derivations – along pro-inflammatory
and anti-inflammatory pathways:
- Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and LA, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids LCPUFAs (EPA, DHA, and AA), eicosanoids,
delta-3-desaturase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. - the role of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in hydrogen transfers
and oxidative phosphorylation with respect to the oxidation of fatty acids
and fatty acid synthesis. - The membrane structures of the cell, including
- the cytoskeleton, essential organelles, and the intercellular matrix, which
is a critical consideration for - cell motility, membrane conductivity, flexibility, and signaling.
- The membrane structure involves aggregation of lipids with proteins,
- and is associated with hydrophobicity.
- The pathophysiology of systemic circulating lipid disorders.
- The fifth is the pathophysiology of cell structures under oxidative
stress. - Lipid disposal and storage diseases.
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