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Glycobiology vs Proteomics: Glycobiologists Prespective in the effort to explain the origin, etiology and potential therapeutics for the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)

Posted in COVID-19, Glycobiology: Biopharmaceutical Production, Glycobiology: Biopharmaceutical Production, Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Population Health Management, Genetics & Pharmaceutical, SARS-CoV-2, Virus Infective Acute Respiratory Syndrome: SARS-CoV, tagged glycan, glycosylation, gycomolecule on March 26, 2020| Leave a Comment »

Glycobiology vs Proteomics: Glycobiologists Prespective in the effort to explain the origin, etiology and potential therapeutics for the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)

Curator: Ofer Markman, PhD

The sugars involved in a viral disease are unique in many ways when compared with the DNA/RNA or the proteins involved: they are almost totally dependent on the infected cells and thus are not affected by the viral mutation rate or by the virus at all. Nevertheless they are affected by the cells, their type and their sugar production mechanisms and in some respect to the production rate by which the virus is replicated in the infected cells. Mutations may have nevertheless major effect not on the structures of the glycans but rather on the existence of the glycosylation site, and thus the glycan at all, but not on its structures.

This may make the gycomolecule a good target for diagnostics as stability in the molecule may mean longer life shelve of diagnostics kits.

Unique sugars are already predicted/found in the virus from certain Chinese origin, in this case an o-linked glycan/s not previously detected.

The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2

Kristian G. Andersen, Andrew Rambaut, W. Ian Lipkin, Edward C. Holmes & Robert F. Garry

Nature Medicine (2020)Cite this article

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9

The covid-19 coronavirus epidemic has a natural origin, scientists say

https://globalhealthnewswire.com/2020/03/17/the-covid-19-coronavirus-epidemic-has-a-natural-origin-scientists-say/

Emerging WuHan (COVID-19) coronavirus: glycan shield and structure prediction of spike glycoprotein and its interaction with human CD26

Naveen Vankadari & Jacqueline A. Wilce

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2020.1739565

Nevertheless, if the virus can infect multiple cells once current cells are not going to be available for any reason those viruses may present other glycans.

Once one starts to treat the infected person via modulation of protein production or by other means the change in the dynamic of protein production vs. protein glycosylation may cause changes in protein glycosyation, including their structures, this is well known to biotechnologists producing glycoproteins in labs and production.

This may either be a problem in understanding the state of disease or an advantage as it may help following response to the treatment and help as a co-treatment diagnostics.

Early Studies include the following:

Carbohydrate-based Diagnostics: A New Approach to COVID-19 Testing?

Mar 19, 2020 | Original story from Iceni Diagnostics

https://www.technologynetworks.com/diagnostics/news/carbohydrate-based-diagnostics-a-new-approach-to-covid-19-testing-332313

Glycans may play a role in treatment as well. TAMIFLU a case in point. Tamiflu is directed to the flu enzyme Neuraminidaze that is part of the viral structures. This approach was also explored to develop treatments.

Pneumagen Ltd Leverages its Novel Glycan Approach to Target Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infections

March 17, 2020 PR-M03-20-NI-024

https://www.pharmasalmanac.com/articles/pneumagen-ltd-leverages-its-novel-glycan-approach-to-target-coronavirus-covid-19-infections

Glycans do not only effect their own involvement in treatment/diagnostics they also are effecting protein based diagnostics for this see statement by Dr. Michael Mercier of UAH