Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI) Group

conceived: NEW Definition for Co-Curation in Medical Research

Curator: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

WordCloud Image Produced by Adam Tubman

This article has the following FOUR Parts:

PART 1: NEW Definition for Co-Curation in Medical Research by Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

PART 2: Curation is Uniquely Distinguished by the Historical Exploratory Ties that Bind by Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

PART 3: Evaluation of the Methodology of Curation in Medical Research by Justin D Pearlman, MD, PhD, FACC and Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

PART 4: FOUR alternative models to the Academic Publishing Industry by Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

PART 1

NEW Definition for Co-Curation in Medical Research

Forward to Volume Two

Volume Two: Cardiovascular Original Research: Cases in Methodology Design for Content Co-Curation

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN, Editor-in-Chief, BioMed e-Series of e-Books

Since 4/2012, Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence, is developing an innovative methodology for the facilitation of Global access to Biomedical knowledge rather than the access to sheer search results on Scientific subject matters in the Life Sciences and Medicine. For the methodology to attain this complex goal it is to be dealing with popularization of ORIGINAL Scientific Research via Content Curation of Scientific Research Results by Experts, Authors, Writers using the critical  thinking process of expert interpretation of the original research results.

We make a distinction between Curation by a Single Curator and Co-Curation by Several Experts, Authors, Writers.

Curation by a Single Curator

One curator edifies the e-Reader via his/hers OWN creative mental processes of knowledge synthesis following the personal creative mental process of analytical critique of the subject matter. The outcome is a new FORM of writing Science and of writing about Science, as well as, a new FORM of framework been created for the organization of the interrelations exposed in the analytical phase of a dialectically generated original synthesis. This process has multi phases:

• the conception of the structure of the knowledge presented,
• culling in the midst of inclusion/exclusion dialectics, and finally
• the exposition of the Curator’s own original synthetic statements of the new Art, a new conceptual perspective on Science.

Co-Curation by Several Experts, Authors, Writers

A similar process to the one in Curation by a Single Curator is taking place and  is been applied. However, the Co-Curation, brings on stage several players. The Actors in the Scientific Writers Theater,  all own scientific knowledge and master the process of creation of a new Synthesis for most writing engagements. Since the Co-curators are educated in different disciplines, they are skillfully providing interpretations for others’ and their own new conception of ideas. Thus, they are developing new views of the original scientific results presented in peer reviewed journals, just the leading ones in every field. The Co-Curators, their creation represents a new layer of comprehension for the subject matter derived from intersecting mental processes coming into being by cross fertilizations of ideas.

Example #1:

Action Potential, a well define concept in Physiology. For us,  Action Potential was a conceptual creation for the process of Co-Curation. Dr. Lev-Ari, requesting Dr. Bernstein to elaborate creatively, on the function of actin in cytoskeleton mobility, he did,  THEN a new conceptual creation process emerged and had YIELDED the following article:

Identification of Biomarkers that are Related to the Actin Cytoskeleton

Curator: Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/12/10/identification-of-biomarkers-that-are-related-to-the-actin-cytoskeleton/

Example #2:

The e-Reader reads first

High Serum Calcium Linked to Developing Diabetes: IRAS Study

Shelley Wood Sep 24, 2013

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/811536

The e-Reader reads second the curation of that Source Interview

Diabetes-risk Forecasts: Serum Calcium in Upper-Normal Range (>2.5 mmol/L) as a New Biomarker

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/09/25/diabetes-risk-forecasts-serum-calcium-in-upper-normal-range-2-5-mmoll-as-a-new-biomarker/

The e-Reader will compare which of the two is more beneficial for the e-Reader.

We believe that the curation of the Source Interview has remarkable value added analysis that the Reader can benefit from.

The unique process as described for the Single Curator and for Co-Curation, above, will be demonstrated, in this volume with an emphasis on Co-Curation,  by presentation of concrete cases, as we applied the methodology of curation by one or by several Experts, Authors, Writers in the field of Cardiovascular Diseases.

The Process:

• We culled the scene for Cardiovascular Original Research in +24 Journals,
• We pre-select domains of research to cover:

The Etiology of the Disease, the Risks of dysfunction at cellular, tissue, organelle, organ, anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and diagnostics for all of the above.

• We interpret the Disease Management Options in a comprehensive fashion, exposing the e-Reader to an integrative approach for the treatment of Cardiovascular Disease.

PART 2

Curation is Uniquely Distinguished by the Historical Exploratory Ties that Bind

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

The process of Curation is explained by the contrasting of the process of Curation with the Art of Scientific Creation, both are explored below by examples.

Concept 1: The Scientific Creation

I shall try to identify the important features and criteria that contribute to scientific curation of medical, biological, and pharmaceutical research, including structural and functional content from the sciences of anatomy, physiology, physics and chemistry.

The principles that I seek to realized is a foundation in the body of knowledge thatprecedes the discovery or innovation.  Is the discovery essential, but unnoticed because of unlinkings to prior established concepts.  This is extremely difficult to cull out, but it has had a recurrent history.  It might be easiest to refer to examples in physics, such as, the unique Nobel Prize discovery of pseudo-crystals that has had an impact on materials science. But actually, in the history of mathematics, astronomy, and physics, and later in anatomy and physiology, we have an “audit trail” in writings from the Hellenistic period, interrupted by the dark ages and the Bubonic Plague, and a reawakening in the period preceding and through the enlightenment and reformation. This carried significant risks for great thinkers in a society that changes slowly, and with repeated interruptions throughout all periods by wars.  One might say that this has no relevance to curation, but repeatedly, libraries and museums preserved discovery that could be re-examined later. Thus, we can’t discard the brilliance of Hipparchos, whose influence on Ptolemy is known, and who discovered the centrality of the Sun to our universe, even though the extent to which he accepted societal belief in astrology is at best limited.  The work of Copernicus later was under great duress, but gave precedence to Galileo and Newton.

The Hellenistic period also gave us Euclid and Archimedes, which was critical for the development of mathematics and measurement, and El Gibr’ gave us algebra. In his time, Archimedes found no-one who he could share his ideas with other than Conon, who died too early, but he was later read by Omar Kayyam,  Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo and Newton.  The Greek diagrams used by Archimedes of Syracuse were a major contribution to cognition and inference.  The Archimedes Palimpses, which were given to us as by the priest-scribe, Ioannes Myronas in 1229, is historically a major contribution revealing Archimedes work in the Method. There is the center of gravity of a triangle, and the treatise on Balancing Planes, from which he deduces that if you place two objects on a balance on which the distances are movable from the fulcrum, the distance of the lighter object is five times the distance of the heavier object.  The rule is that weights balance when they are reciprocal to their distance. Then there is Fermat’s Last Theorem, unsolved problem for centuries since the seventeenth century.The theorem state that while the square of a whole number can can be broken down into two other squares of whole numbers the same cannot be done for cubes or any higher power. The theorem took seven years to write, with a ynother year to edit.The principle was incorporated into the Pythagorean Theorem, and in 1955 two japanese mathematicians made a far reaching conjecture that paved the way to the solution by Andrew Wiles at Princeton in 1995.

Notably, the great mathematician, Gauss, who published Disquisition on Mathematics in 1801, on  number theory at age 24, refused to engage in the solution, but his work in complex analysis, based on earlier work by Euler involving imaginary numbers was crucial to the 20th century understanding.Perhaps another apt example is Einstein’s general theory of relativity, the prediction of gravitational radiation bringing a new attention to the tiny ripples in space-time that has opened our eyes to modern cosmology. Finally, we find that a small piece of our universe is viewed as a chunk of Hilbert space, developing as a nest of interacting probability waves. The waves of Hilbert space are actually the waves Schroedinger derived before we had the tools to observe their behavior.The mathematics of entanglement identifies the high-probability areas of a joint-Hilbert space developed from the interaction having consistent histories. This has led to the description of Schroedinger’s principle, the things that we consider to be real are stable persistent patterns. This gives rise to debate about many worlds.

We leave the seemingly esoteric world of problems in mathematics and theoretic physics and return to the world of biochemistry, molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and allied medical sciences.

The scientific underpinnings of biology and medicine transitioned from a largely observational and descriptive phase in the 19th century with the scientifc leadership of Rudolph Virchow, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, John Hunter, Edward Jennings, Walter Reed, Karl Landsteiner, and Thomas Hunt Morgan.  Pasteur, Koch, Landsteiner and Morgan were outstanding experimentalists.  The latter two were to receive Nobel Prizes that began in 2001.  The idea of a more fundamental basis for biological sciences was concerned with studying the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena that involve the basic units of life, and it developed out of the related fields of biochemistry, genetics, and biophysics. The primary focus became the study of proteins and nucleic acids—i.e., the macromolecules that are essential to life processes. A great impetus was provided by enabling the three-dimensional structure of these macromolecules through such techniques as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. In seeking to understand the molecular basis of genetic processes; molecular biologists map the location of genes on specific chromosomes, associate these genes with particular characters of an organism, and use recombinant DNA technology to isolate, sequence, and modify specific genes.

The above is tied to a dominance of Western scientific discovery, as seen in the recipients of the Nobel Prize, but it is only a two dimensional view. Here another type of graphical display would be more informative, and it has been developed. I might consider a separation by type for physics, chemistry and medicine, leaving out the others, and then, in combination. I would bet that there are interactions.

For instance – 2001 – Roentgen, Physics; Pierre and Marie Curie, Physics; E.O. Lawrence, Chemistry, Berkeley Radiation Lab; Max Planck, following on Boltzmann and on Josiah Willard Gibbs (pre-Nobel) work. Then you have radiology and radioisotope chemistry and photosynthesis, Martin Kamen. Of course, modern physiology and metabolism traces back to the work on oxygen, carcon dioxide, and heat, adiabatic systems, and leads to the calorimeter, the Warburg apparatus, which credits Pasteur’s work 60 years earlier. The fruit fly genetics was an impetus for cracking the genetic code, but the impetus for that was both from Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin, and then the mathematical work of Pearson and of Fischer. The work on the chemical bond by Linus Pauling really opened up a foundation for understanding organic and inorganic reactions based on atomic orbital theory that was essential for pursuit of the double helix. This was so important that it unlocked the structure of polymeric proteins through the disulfide bond, and also metalloprotein complexes (heme, …). Wouldn’t it be incredible to map the Nobel work to seminal work done in the 100 years before the Prize with different colored arrows to show stromg and weaker associations? This is in a strong sense, a method of CURATION (as opposed to creation), that is very important for a fundamental grasp of the growth of and ties in the development of the knowledgebase.

Wouldn’t it be incredible to map the Nobel work to seminal work done in the 100 years before the Prize with different colored arrows to show stromg and weaker associations? This is in a strong sense, a method of CURATION (as opposed to creation), that is very important for a fundamental grasp of the growth of and ties in the development of the knowledge-base.

Such a discussion in depth is the curation that is intended for http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/biomed-e-books/series-e-titles-in the strategic-plan-for-2014-1015/2014-milestones-in-physiology-discoveries-in-medicine

Concept 2: Scientifc Results – The Art of Curation

Dr. Lev-Ari continued her work, beyond Volume Two, above, on Curation as a Methodology for Critique of the Scientific Frontier and the most effective method for synthesis of scientific milestones in the following selective list of articles:

e-Recognition via Friction-free Collaboration over the Internet: “Open Access to Curation of Scientific Research by Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Digital Publishing Promotes Science and Popularizes it by Access to Scientific Discourse by Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Synthetic Biology: On Advanced Genome Interpretation for Gene Variants and Pathways: What is the Genetic Base of Atherosclerosis and Loss of Arterial Elasticity with Aging

The Heart: Vasculature Protection – A Concept-based Pharmacological Therapy including THYMOSIN

Paradigm Shift in Human Genomics – Predictive Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine – Part 1

The Fatal Self Distraction of the Academic Publishing Industry: The Solution of the Open Access Online Scientific Journals

PART 3

Evaluation of the Methodology of Curation in Medical Research

Justin D Pearlman, MD, PhD, FACC and Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP

The Voice of Justin D Pearlman, MD, PhD, FACC

This volume introduces a fresh look at keeping abreast of cardiovascular disease. In particular it explains and exemplifies the how and why of curation as a methodology for discourse. Curation is designed to edify and facilitate awareness and cohesive access to biomedical knowledge otherwise buried in subspecialty scientific journals in the Life Sciences and Medicine. Particular themes of focus include discovery, innovation and translation to clinical care, including linkages and underpinnings that might otherwise be mislabeled as esoteric. Key components of curation include expert identification of data, ideas and innovations of interest, expert interpretation of the original research results, integration with context, digesting, highlighting, correlating and presenting in novel light.

Three aspects of curation are notable:

(1) self-driven analytic reviews by a content expert,

(2) exciting topics assigned to an expert curator for analytic coherent fusion,

(3) teamwork of multiple experts on a focused theme, complementing each others’ contributions by weaving distinct threads.

Examples presented included review of electro-mechanical coupling and action potential, the roles of calicium redistribution in biology, the roles of biomarkers, healthcare and the Affordable Care Act, the human genome as basis for cardiovascular diseases, and the evolution of treatment options to manage cardiovascular diseases. These examples of Curation demonstrate added value of curation over traditional stand alone single author or multi-author research reports and review articles.

The superstructure of curations includes multiple additional creative elements:

1. eTOCs = electronic table of contents: fresh thought-provoking organizing themes link a path to a diverse trail of publications (analogous to creating a path in the forest)
2. Extracts highlighting notable elements of publications that mark a path
3. Voice of Expert commentary providing context and direction

The Electronic Table of Contents (eTOCs) serves several functions:
1. eTOCs collates information from multiple sources into coherent themes
2. eTOCs enables multiple pathways to information, including both Longitudinal and cross-sectional organizational themes.
3. eTOCs presents nested pathways through the forest, including nesting of topics by overreaching theme, chapters, Curations, reports and references.
4. eTOCs assemblies of thought provide fresh vistas that promote innovation and rethinking

In ekistics (urban design) Francis Bacon emphasized the importance of pathways linked to purpose, recommending a landmark magnet as an attractor for pursuits along a created path. Analogously, if the continually expanding collective knowledge embodied in subspecialty publications represents a forest of data and ideas, then Curation creates pathways in that forest that serve not only to keep the reader from getting lost, but also, as recommended by Francis Bacon, creates pathways that serve attractive purposes, with special vistas, highlights, themes, coherence, motivations and purposes.

CONTEXT (for each, Causes, Risks, Biomarkers and Therapeutics):
Volume One: Perspectives on Nitric Oxide

Volume Two: Cardiovascular Original Research: Cases in Methodology Design for Content Co-Curation

Volume Three: Etiologies of CVD: Epigenetics, Genetics & Genomics:
Causes, Risks and Biomarkers, Therapeutic Implications

Volume Four: Therapeutic Promise: CVD, Regenerative & Translational Medicine

Volume Five: Pharmaco-Therapies for CVD

Volume Six: Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery

Volume Seven: CVD Imaging for Disease Diagnosis and Guidance of Treatment

Curation, HealthCare System in the US, and Calcium Signaling Effects on Cardiac Contraction, Heart Failure, and Atrial Fibrillation, and the Relationship of Calcium Release at the Myoneural Junction to Beta Adrenergic Release

Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP

This portion summarises what we have covered and is now familiar to the reader.  There are three related topics, and an extension of this embraces other volumes and chapters before and after this reading.  This approach to the document has advantages over the multiple authored textbooks that are and have been pervasive as a result of the traditional publication technology.  It has been stated by the founder of ScoopIt, that amount of time involved is considerably less than required for the original publications used, but the organization and construction is a separate creative process.  In these curations we amassed on average five articles in one curation, to which, two or three curators contributed their views.  There were surprises, and there were unfulfilled answers along the way.  The greatest problem that is being envisioned is the building a vision that bridges and unmasks the hidden “dark matter” between the now declared “OMICS”, to get a more real perspective on what is conjecture and what is actionable.  This is in some respects unavoidable because the genome is an alphabet that is matched to the mino acid sequences of proteins, which themselves are three dimensional drivers of sequences of metabolic reactions that can be altered by the accumulation of substrates in critical placements, and in addition, the proteome has functional proteins whose activity is a regulatory function and not easily identified.  In the end, we have to have a practical conception, recognizing the breadth of evolutionary change, and make sense of what we have, while searching for more.

We introduced the content as follows:

1. We introduce the concept of curation in the digital context, and it’s application to medicine and related scientific discovery.

Topics were chosen were used to illustrate this process in the form of a pattern, which is mostly curation, but is significantly creative, as it emerges in the context of this e-book.

• Alternative solutions in Treatment of Heart Failure (HF), medical devices, biomarkers and agent efficacy is handled all in one chapter.
• PCI for valves vs Open heart Valve replacement
• PDA and Complications of Surgery — only curation could create the picture of this unique combination of debate, as exemplified of Endarterectomy (CEA) vs Stenting the Carotid Artery (CAS), ischemic leg, renal artery stenosis.

2. The etiology, or causes, of cardiovascular diseases consist of mechanistic explanations for dysfunction relating to the heart or vascular system. Every one of a long list of abnormalities has a path that explains the deviation from normal. With the completion of the analysis of the human genome, in principle all of the genetic basis for function and dysfunction are delineated. While all genes are identified, and the genes code for all the gene products that constitute body functions, there remains more unknown than known.

3. Human genome, and in combination with improved imaging methods, genomics offers great promise in changing the course of disease and aging.

4. If we tie together Part 1 and Part 2, there is ample room for considering clinical outcomes based on individual and organizational factors for best performance. This can really only be realized with considerable improvement in information infrastructure, which has miles to go.

Curation

Curation is an active filtering of the web’s  and peer reviewed literature found by such means – immense amount of relevant and irrelevant content. As a result content may be disruptive. However, in doing good curation, one does more than simply assign value by presentation of creative work in any category. Great curators comment and share experience across content, authors and themes.
Great curators may see patterns others don’t, or may challenge or debate complex and apparently conflicting points of view.  Answers to specifically focused questions comes from the hard work of many in laboratory settings creatively establishing answers to definitive questions, each a part of the larger knowledge-base of reference. There are those rare “Einstein’s” who imagine a whole universe, unlike the three blindmen of the Sufi tale.  One held the tail, the other the trunk, the other the ear, and they all said this is an elephant!
In my reading, I learn that the optimal ratio of curation to creation may be as high as 90% curation to 10% creation. Creating content is expensive. Curation, by comparison, is much less expensive.  The same source says “Scoop.it is my content marketing testing “sandbox”. In sharing, he says that comments provide the framework for what and how content is shared.

Healthcare and Affordable Care Act

We enter year 2014 with the Affordable Care Act off to a slow start because of the implementation of the internet signup requiring a major repair, which is, unfortunately, as expected for such as complex job across the US, and with many states unwilling to participate.  But several states – California, Connecticut, and Kentucky – had very effective state designed signups, separate from the federal system.  There has been a very large rush and an extension to sign up. There are many features that we can take note of:

1. The healthcare system needed changes because we have the most costly system, are endowed with advanced technology, and we have inexcusable outcomes in several domains of care, including, infant mortality, and prenatal care – but not in cardiology.

2. These changes that are notable are:

• The disparities in outcome are magnified by a large disparity in highest to lowest income bracket.
• This is also reflected in educational status, and which plays out in childhood school lunches, and is also affected by larger class size and cutbacks in school programs.
• This is not  helped by a large paralysis in the two party political system and the three legs of government unable to deal with work and distraction.
• Unemployment is high, and the banking and home construction, home buying, and rental are in realignment, but interest rates are problematic.

3.  The  medical care system is affected by the issues above, but the complexity is not to be discounted.

•  The medical schools are unable at this time to provide the influx of new physicians needed, so we depend on a major influx of physicians from other countries
• The technology for laboratories, proteomic and genomic as well as applied medical research is rejuvenating the practice in cardiology more rapidly than any other field.
• In fields that are imaging related the life cycle of instruments is shorter than the actual lifetime use of the instruments, which introduces a shortening of ROI.
• Hospitals are consolidating into large consortia in order to maintain a more viable system for referral of specialty cases, and also is centralizing all terms of business related to billing.
• There is reduction in independent physician practices that are being incorporated into the hospital enterprise with Part B billing under the Physician Organization – as in Partners in Greater Boston, with the exception of “concierge” medical practices.
• There is consolidation of specialty laboratory services within state, with only the most specialized testing going out of state (Quest, LabCorp, etc.)
• Medicaid is expanded substantially under the new ACA.
• The federal government as provider of services is reducing the number of contractors for – medical devices, diabetes self-testing, etc.
• The current rearrangements seeks to provide a balance between capital expenses and fixed labor costs that it can control, reduce variable costs (reagents, pharmaceutical), and to take in more patients with less delay and better performance – defined by outside agencies.

Cardiology, Genomics, and calcium ion signaling and ion-channels in cardiomyocyte function in health and disease – including heart failure, rhythm abnormalities, and the myoneural release of neurotransmitter at the vesicle junction.

This portion is outlined as follows:

2.1 Human Genome: Congenital Etiological Sources of Cardiovascular Disease	2.2 The Role of Calcium in Health and Disease	2.3 Vasculature and Myocardium: Diagnosing the Conditions of Disease
Genomics & Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnoses	actin cytoskeleton	wall stress, ventricular workload, contractile reserve
Genetic Base of Atherosclerosis and Loss of Arterial Elasticity with Aging	calcium and actin skeleton, signaling, cell motility	hypertension & vascular compliance
Genetics of Conduction Disease	Ca+ stimulated exostosis: calmodulin & PKC (neurotransmitter)	surgical complications & MVR
	disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis cardiac & vascular smooth muscle
	synaptotagmin as Ca2+ sensor & vesicles
	atherosclerosis & ion channels

It is increasingly clear that there are mutations that underlie many human diseases, and this is true of the cardiovascular system.  The mutations are mistakes in the insertion of a purine nucleotide, which may or may not have any consequence.  This is why the associations that are being discovered in research require careful validation, and even require demonstration in “models” before pursuing the design of pharmacological “target therapy”.  The genomics in cardiovascular disease involves very serious congenital disorders that are asserted early in life, but the effects of and development of atherosclerosis involving large and medium size arteries has a slow progression and is not dominated by genomic expression.  This is characterized by loss of arterial elasticity. In addition there is the development of heart failure, which involves the cardiomyocyte specifically.  The emergence of regenerative medical interventions, based on pleuripotent inducible stem cell therapy is developing rapidly as an intervention in this sector.

Finally, it is incumbent on me to call attention to the huge contribution that research on calcium (Ca2+) signaling has made toward the understanding of cardiac contraction and to the maintenance of the heart rhythm.  The heart is a syncytium, different than skeletal and smooth muscle, and the innervation is by the vagus nerve, which has terminal endings at vesicles which discharge at the myocyte junction.  The heart specifically has calmodulin kinase CaMK II, and it has been established that calmodulin is involved in the calcium spark that triggers contraction.  That is only part of the story.  Ion transport occurs into or out of the cell, the latter termed exostosis.  Exostosis involves CaMK II and pyruvate kinase (PKC), and they have independent roles.  This also involves K+-Na+-ATPase.  The cytoskeleton is also discussed, but the role of aquaporin in water transport appears elsewhere, as the transport of water between cells.  When we consider the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, which precedes the current work by a century, we recall that there is an essential balance between extracellular Na+ + Ca2+ and theintracellular K+ + Mg2+, and this has been superceded by an incompletely defined relationship between ions that are cytoplasmic and those that are mitochondrial.  The glass is half full!

PART 4

FOUR alternative models to the Academic Publishing Industry

Alternative #1

PeerJ MODEL for Open Access Online Scientific Journal

UPDATED on 1/21/2014

Berkeley recently took out an ‘institutional arrangement’ with PeerJ. This means that any Berkeley author who has an article accepted at PeerJ will not need to pay for their personal publication plan (the university library will automatically pay this fee for them via functionality on our site). Information about this arrangement can be found at: https://peerj.com/institutions/6/uc-berkeley/  

This is a significant benefit for faculty from Berkeley, and so I would like to ask for your help in promoting it to your colleagues. Please note: your library has already pre-paid for this benefit, so I am not trying to sell anything to your colleagues, I simply want to make them aware it already exists so that they can take advantage of it!

Peter Binfield, PhD
Co-Founder and Publisher, PeerJ
email: pete@peerj.com
Web: http://PeerJ.com
Twitter: @p_binfield & @ThePeerJ

SOURCE

From: pete@peerj.com

To: Avivalev-ari@alum.Berkeley.edu

Sent:Tue Jan 21 04:57:26 UTC 2014

The Peer J Scientific Online Journal introduces the need for this new order of publication as follows:
We are fully aware that being appropriately indexed and maximally discoverable is extremely important for our authors. We understand that you publish your research so that others can discover, read, discuss, cite and build upon it. If no one can discover, let alone read, the article that you spent years researching, and months writing, then it was pointless to even publish it in the first place.
We see that Open Access, and the associated benefits of open and early sharing are increasingly being understood by academia; and finally we hear from a lot of scientists who are now looking for a suitable preprint venue for their work.
http://blog.peerj.com/post/47445954946/http://blog.peerj.com/post/47030855181/
This journal has full legitimacy as an acceptable peer reviewed publication for researchers who are already establish researchers publishing in their professional society publications, and for young academic professionals who need to establish a publication resume for academic advancement.This has become very important because of the long timelines for research publications in peer reviewed journals, and the effect on establishing an earned reputation needed for advancement.

Alternative #2

Read Cube

http://www.readcube.com/#features

ReadCube is an architecture for workflow efficient citation that is compatible with

• writing ,
• managing a collection of papers, and
• annotation and

improves the creation of a readable PDF. What app does it uniquely provide in one program?

• Enhanced PDF

1. 1. Supplements
   2. Clickable inline references
   3. Full reference list
   4. Editor summaries
   5. Related articles
   6. Inline notes and highlights

• Recommendations
• Instant searchability
• Bookmarklet
• Tablet compatible
• Sync and Backup

The features enumerated are not trivial. When writing for scientific publication, the

• finding of relevant related research publication, and
• adequate citation of other work is both important and laborious
  • in constructing the discussion and support of a novel concept.

Evaluation of Alternative #1 and #2

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

These two developments are a strong emergence of a process as significant as Guttenberg’s introduction of the printing press, which opened the door to a

• flourishing Western Culture enriched by
• theater, opera, literary arts, journals, and the newspaper.

Just as the newspaper, radio, television, and the traditional movie have been in transformation in response to an

• all the time noisy and stressfully hard to discern target audience,
• the scholarly publications are under pressure to change and to go to the next level.

These two events are followed by the announcement of eLife, in life sciences research.

I tip my hat to IBMs Watson for creating a vision of man and computer as partners, although it was perhaps germinated by the earlier work by the physician who

• first created the structure for the medical record, then went on without the technology we have today
• to create the first feasible, but labor intensive EHR.

The ICHOR lab system was first to  focus on WORKFLOW, but it also

• did not have the advantages of technology that emerged in the last decade.

In a separate parallel advance, Eugene Rypka in Albuquerque advance the feature extraction and analysis of bacterial classification. Then,  Rosser Rudolf showed that it
had an underlying structure related to Solomon Kullback’s work on entropy, calling it “effective information”. We now use Akaike and Bayes information criteria as measures of classification adequacy.

Alternative #3

eLife is a collaboration between the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Max Planck Society, the Wellcome Trust, and over 200 of the world’s most talented biomedical scientists.

eLife is a unique collaboration between funders and practitioners of research to communicate influential discoveries in the life and biomedical sciences in the most effective way.

We are a joint initiative of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Max Planck Society, and the Wellcome Trust. Along with a growing number of public and private research funders worldwide, these three organisations recognise that the communication of research results is as fundamental a component of the research process as the experiments themselves. Disseminating new findings as widely and effectively as possible maximises the value of research investments. The first step in the initiative is to establish a new, open-access venue for the most important advances — from basic biological research through to applied, translational and clinical studies.

The eLife journal will be a platform for extending the reach and influence of new discoveries and to showcase new approaches to the presentation, use, and assessment of research.

eLife is not just a journal. That’s just the beginning.

VIEW VIDEO

http://www.elifesciences.org/about/

Our initiative has four aims:

• To make publishing more efficient, by providing outstanding service to authors through a swift, constructive, and fair editorial process.
• To exploit digital media in the presentation of results, by increasing their utility for further research and broadening participation to the widest possible audience.
• To drive open access, by providing an outstanding new publishing option for authors with ground-breaking research.
• To catalyse innovation in research communication, by experimentation, collaboration, and continuous improvement.

Learn more about the journal

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eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd is a limited liability non-profit non-stock 501(c)3 corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware, USA, with company number 5030732, and is registered in the UK with company number FC030576 and branch number BR015634 at the address 1st Floor, 24 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1JP.

The eLife journal (ISSN 2050-084X) is published by eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.

Alternative #4

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com

This alternative model for Scientific Publishing involve the following steps:

#1: CURATION and Co-CURATION of Scientific articles in conjunction with Experts, Authors, Writers critique and synthesis

Examples

• Erythropoietin (EPO) and Intravenous Iron (Fe) as Therapeutics for Anemia in Severe and Resistant CHF: The Elevated N-terminal proBNP Biomarker

Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/10/epo-as-therapeutics-for-anemia-in-chf/

• Do Novel Anticoagulants Affect the PT/INR? The Cases of XARELTO(rivaroxaban) or PRADAXA (dabigatran)

Vivek Lal, MBBS, MD, F.Cl.R,  Justin D Pearlman, MD, PhD, FACC
 and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/09/23/do-novel-anticoagulants-affect-the-ptinr-the-cases-of-xarelto-rivaroxaban-and-pradaxa-dabigatran/

• Alternative Designs for the Human Artificial Heart: The Patients in Heart Failure – Outcomes of Transplant (donor)/Implantation (artificial) and Monitoring Technologies for the Transplant/Implant Patient in the Community

Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Justin D Pearlman, MD, PhD, FACC
 and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/08/05/alternative-designs-for-the-human-artificial-heart-the-patients-in-heart-failure-outcomes-of-transplant-donorimplantation-artificial-and-monitoring-technologies-for-the-transplantimplant-pat/

#2: Assembly of articles into e-Books using ONE of a Kind electronic Table of Contents (eTOCs) architecture

Example

#3: Assembly of e-Books into e-Series

Example

Series A Content Consultant: Justin D Pearlman, MD, PhD, FACC

• Volume One: Perspectives on Nitric Oxide in Disease Mechanisms
• Volume Two: Cardiovascular Original Research: Cases in Methodology Design for Content Co-Curation
• Volume Three: Etiologies of Cardiovascular Diseases – Epigenetics, Genetics & Genomics
• Volume Four: Therapeutic Promise: Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative & Translational Medicine
• Volume Five: Pharmaco-Therapies for Cardiovascular Diseases
• Volume Six: Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery
• Volume Seven: Cardiovascular Imaging for Disease Diagnosis and Guidance of Treatment

#4: Publishing of e-Series on Amazon.com

The BioMedicine e- Book Series has published of the following e-Books Titles with Amazon KINDLE:

http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DINFFYC

Perspectives on Nitric Oxide in Disease Mechanisms (2013) 

#5: Distribution of e-Series to Professional Associations via their Internet websites

In 2013 and Beyond, we are launching a Series of e-Books (electronic Books) in BioMedicine made up by articles published in this Open Access Online Scientific Journal.

Series Editor-in-Chief, Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN has curated over 800 articles in an inventory of 1,544 available on 1/4/2014 on http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com.

The Open Access Online Scientific Journal was launched on 4/30/2012.

BioMed e-Series was launched by Dr. Lev-Ari in 10/2013:

Scientific Journal Site Statistics

Date	Views to Date	# of articles	NIH Clicks	Nature Clicks
6/24/2013	199,857	1,034	1,275	661
7/29/2013	217,356	1,138	1,389	705
12/1/2013	287,645	1,428	1,676	828
12/30/13	301,584	1,506	1,734	868

1/3/2014

303,342

1,541

1,736

868