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Archive for the ‘Epigenetics and Environmental Factors’ Category

Studying cancer from the inside out: What the epigenetic code can tell doctors about disease

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Receiving a cancer diagnosis can feel like losing control of everything. In the wake of such a diagnosis, patients, family and friends often yearn for more information. Is it aggressive? What treatments are offered? Will those treatments work? Will it spread? Sometimes doctors can offer answers, but in other cases they are elusive. Without information, the patient may decide to treat a benign tumor with harsh drugs or risky surgery or may take a wait-and-see approach with an aggressive tumor-neither of which are ideal.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.genome.gov

See on Scoop.it – Cardiovascular Disease: PHARMACO-THERAPY

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SpaceX founder Elon Musk files with government to provide Internet service from space

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Elon Musk’s space company has asked the federal government for permission to begin testing on an ambitious project to beam Internet service from space, a significant step forward for an initiative that could create another major competitor to Comcast, AT&T and other telecom companies.

 

The plan calls for launching a constellation of 4,000 small and cheap satellites that would beam high-speed Internet signals to all parts of the globe, including its most remote regions. Musk has said the effort “would be like rebuilding the Internet in space.”

 

If successful, the attempt could transform SpaceX, based in Hawthorne, Calif., from a pure rocket company into a massive high-speed-Internet provider that would take on major companies in the developed world but also make first-time customers out of the billions of people who are currently not online.

 

The idea of saturating Earth with Internet signals from space has long been the dream of prominent business tycoons, including Bill Gates in the 1990s. But many of these ventures have run into obstacles that Musk is working to avoid. Musk has his own rocket, and he has said his swarm of satellites will be more efficient and inexpensive than relying on a handful of big devices that are difficult to replace.

 

Dish Network and DirecTV, for instance, have for years relied on a few older satellites that are cast much farther into space and can serve only specific regions such as the United States. SpaceX’s web of satellites would wrap around Earth in low orbit, handing off Internet signals to one another to make connections more reliable and to reach more areas.

 

The filing, made with the Federal Communications Commission late last month, is the first public glimpse into how Musk will move ahead with the project.

 

Musk isn’t the only billionaire entrepreneur who is pursuing such an idea. Virgin’s Richard Branson has partnered with a company with similar ambitions. Both ventures would have to succeed where many have failed. Facebook recently abandoned its plan to build a $500 million satellite that would provide Internet service across the globe, according to the Information, a tech site.

 

And a previous effort by a firm called LightSquared to use satellites to provide wireless service fell apart three years ago, despite initial backing from the FCC. Military officials complained at the time that the technology interfered with the radar used by planes — a problem that shouldn’t hinder Musk’s effort, industry officials said. Musk’s FCC filing proposes tests starting next year. If all goes well, the service could be up and running in about five years.

Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.washingtonpost.com

See on Scoop.it – Cardiovascular and vascular imaging

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After The Nepal Earthquake, Everest Is A Little Shorter

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

 

The world’s tallest mountain is a little shorter after the newly-named Gorka earthquake that hit Nepal in late April, 2015.

 

The Nepal earthquake that hit just before noon on Saturday, April 26, 2015 officially has a name: it’s the Gorkha earthquake. The sudden slip of the tectonic plates during the earthquake literally reshaped the land. In a continent-continent collision like this one, the area closest to the fault rupture is uplifted, while the previously-buckled plate interior slaps flat, subsiding in the release of stress. The European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1A satellite tracked both uplift [blue] and subsidence [yellow], recording elevation changes of up to 1 meter, and a horizontal north-south shift of up to 2 meters.

 

They’ve used the same data to createinterferograms of how the region has changed in consecutive measurements before and after the earthquake. Each coloured fringe represents about 10 centimeters of displacement. Overall, Kathmandu is little taller and Mount Everest is a tiny bit shorterthan it was a month ago. Poor weather not only made things a little bit more miserable on the ground, but also limited the utility of fly-overs from NASA’s satellite network.

 

In related news, as part of efforts to increase access to hazard mitigation and risk reduction research, the Seismological Society of America has temporarily opened access to their collection of articles on tectonics, structure, and earthquake history of the Himalayas.

 

Check out more ways satellite imagery has been used in the response to the Gorkha earthquake on the American Geophysical Union’s Trembling Earth.

Source: space.io9.com

See on Scoop.it – Cardiovascular Disease: PHARMACO-THERAPY

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Mapping the Spread of Drought Across the U.S.

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Droughts appear to be intensifying over much of the West and Southwest as a result of global warming. Over the past decade, droughts in some regions have rivaled the epic dry spells of the 1930s and 1950s. About 37 percent of the contiguous United States was in at least a moderate drought as of March 31, 2015.
Things have been particularly bad in California, which has just imposed its first mandatory water restrictions, the latest in a series of drastic measures to reduce water consumption. California farmers, without water from reservoirs in the Central Valley, are left to choose which of their crops to water. Parts of Texas, Oklahoma and surrounding states are also suffering from drought conditions.
The relationship between the climate and droughts is complicated. Parts of the country are becoming wetter: East of the Mississippi, rainfall has been rising. But global warming also appears to be causing moisture to evaporate faster in places that were already dry. Researchers believe drought conditions in these places are likely to intensify in coming years.
There has been little relief for some places since the summer of 2012. At the recent peak last May, about 40 percent of the country was abnormally dry or in at least a moderate drought.
The patterns above come from the Drought Monitor, which has data going back to 2000. A different measure, the Palmer Index, goes back more than a hundred years. It does lag the Drought Monitor data by more than a month, so it’s less useful for measuring what’s happening right now. But the Palmer Index shows how unusual the current period is. A 10-year average of Palmer values has been increasing for most of the last 20 years, which is to say that the country is in the midst of one of its most sustained periods of increasing drought on record.

Source: www.nytimes.com

See on Scoop.it – Cardiovascular and vascular imaging

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Causes of California drought clearly linked to man-made climate change, Stanford scientists say

Reporter: Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

The atmospheric conditions associated with the unprecedented drought currently afflicting California are “very likely” linked to human-caused climate change, Stanford scientists write in a new research paper.

 

In a new study, a team led by Stanford climate scientist Noah Diffenbaugh used a novel combination of computer simulations and statistical techniques to show that a persistent region of high atmospheric pressure hovering over the Pacific Ocean that diverted storms away from California was much more likely to form in the presence of modern greenhouse gas concentrations.

 

The research, published on Sept. 29 as a supplement to this month’s issue of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, is one of the most comprehensive studies to investigate the link between climate change and California’s ongoing drought.

 

“Our research finds that extreme atmospheric high pressure in this region – which is strongly linked to unusually low precipitation in California – is much more likely to occur today than prior to the human emission of greenhouse gases that began during the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s,” said Diffenbaugh, an associate professor of environmental Earth system science at Stanford and a senior fellow at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment.

 

The exceptional drought currently crippling California is by some metrics the worst in state history. Combined with unusually warm temperatures and stagnant air conditions, the lack of precipitation has triggered a dangerous increase in wildfires and incidents of air pollution across the state. Arecent report estimated that the water shortage would result in direct and indirect agricultural losses of at least $2.2 billion and lead to the loss of more than 17,000 seasonal and part-time jobs in 2014 alone. Such impacts prompted California Gov. Jerry Brown to declare a drought emergency and the federal government to designate all 58 California counties as “natural disaster areas.”

 

Scientists agree that the immediate cause of the drought is a particularly stubborn “blocking ridge” over the northeastern Pacific – popularly known as the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, or “Triple R” – that prevented winter storms from reaching California during the 2013 and 2014 rainy seasons.

Source: news.stanford.edu

See on Scoop.it – Cardiovascular Disease: PHARMACO-THERAPY

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