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Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI) Group

Funding, Deals & Partnerships: BIOLOGICS & MEDICAL DEVICES; BioMed e-Series; Medicine and Life Sciences Scientific Journal – http://PharmaceuticalIntelligence.com

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NEW GENRE Volume Two: Medical Scientific Discoveries for the 21st Century & Interviews with Scientific Leaders – Series E, Volume 2

View on Amazon.com

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BRJT9SS9

since 1/1/2023

 

Audio y Texto

  • NEW GENRE Volume Two: Medical Scientific Discoveries for the 21st Century & Interviews with Scientific Leaders

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/audio-english-spanish-biomed-e-series/new-genre-audio-english-spanish-series-e-patient-centered-medicine-precision-medicine/new-genre-volume-two-medical-scientific-discoveries-for-the-21st-century-interviews-with-scientific-leaders-series-e-volume-2%ef%bf%bc/

 

  • Original Volume Two: Medical Scientific Discoveries for the 21st Century & Interviews with Scientific Leaders

On Amazon.com since12/9/2017

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078313281

 

  • NEW GENRE Volume Two: Medical Scientific Discoveries for the 21st Century & Interviews with Scientific Leaders 

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/audio-english-spanish-biomed-e-series/new-genre-audio-english-spanish-series-e-patient-centered-medicine-precision-medicine/new-genre-volume-two-medical-scientific-discoveries-for-the-21st-century-interviews-with-scientific-leaders-series-e-volume-2%ef%bf%bc/

This volume has the following three parts:

PART A: The eTOCs in Spanish in Audio format

PART B: The eTOCs in Bi-lingual format: Spanish and English in Text format

PART C: The Editorials of the original e-Books in English in Audio format

 

PART A:

The eTOCs in Spanish in Audio format

 

Serie E: Medicina centrada en el paciente

Asesor de contenidos de la serie: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Descubrimientos científicos médicos para el siglo XXI

y

Entrevistas con líderes científicos

 

2017

Traducción a español

Montero Language Services

Disponible en Amazon.com desde el 09/12/2017

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078313281

 

Autor, redactor y editor

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Director científico

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence

Larry.bernstein@gmail.com

 

Fuente de la imagen: Cortesía de Shutterstock

 

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Redactora jefe de la serie de libros electrónicos BioMed

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence, Boston

avivalev-ari@alum.berkeley.edu

 

Lista de colaboradores y sus biografías

 

Autor del volumen, redactor y editor

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

Prefacio, todas las introducciones, todos los resúmenes y el epílogo

Primera parte:

1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.3, 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.5, 2.6.1, 2.6.2, 2.6.3, 2.6.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

Segunda parte:

5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 6.1.2, 6.1.4, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.3.2, 6.3.4, 6.3.5, 6.3.6, 6.3.8, 6.3.10, 6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.5.1.2, 6.5.1.3, 6.5.2.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.9.1, 8.9.3, 8.9.4, 8.9.5, 8.9.6, 8.10.1, 8.10.2, 8.10.3, 8.10.4, 9.2, 9.3, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 10.2, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.10, 10.11, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.6, 13.12, 13.13, 14.1, 14.2

 

Autores invitados:

 

Pnina Abir-Am, PhD 

Segunda parte: 6.1.1

 

Stephen J Williams, PhD:

Segunda parte: 6.2.6, 6.5.2, 6.5.2.2, 10.4, 10.9, 13.4

 

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN:

Primera parte:

1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 2.2.1, 2.3

Segunda parte:

5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 6.1.3, 6.2.3, 6.2.4, 6.2.5, 6.3.1, 6.3.3, 6.3.7, 6.3.9, 6.4.3, 6.5.1.1, 6.5.2, 6.5.2.1, 6.5.2.2, 6.5.3.1, 6.5.4, 6.5.5, 6,5,6, 8.9.2, 8.10.2, 9.1, 9.4, 10.1, 10.3, 11.4, 12.6, 13.5, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10, 13.11

 

Adam Sonnenberg, BSC, MSc(c) En 2021: PhD, estudiante de medicina de 2.º año

Segunda parte: 13.9

 

 

Los enlaces indicados llevan al contenido original en inglés

MD

Licenciado/a en medicina y cirugía (Estados Unidos)

PhD

Doctorado/a

RN

Enfermero/a titulado/a (National Board of Nursing Registration)

FCAP

Miembro distinguido (Fellow) del Colegio de Anatomopatólogos de los Estados Unidos

CT

Tomografía computarizada (TC)

BWH

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

MRC

Medical Research Council (Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas del Reino Unido)

DNA

ADN

AV

Auriculoventricular

FISH

Hibridación in situ con fluorescencia

RNAi

Interferencia de ARN

RXR

Receptor X de los retinoides

NIH

National Institutes of Health (Institutos Nacionales de Salud de los Estados Unidos)

FDA

Food and Drug Administration (Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos)

 

Indice de contenidos electrónico (IDCe)

 

PRIMERA PARTE

Los médicos como autores, escritores sobre medicina y 

formadores en salud pública

 

 

Capítulo 1:        Los médicos como autores

 

Introducción

 

1.1     El joven cirujano y el anatomopatólogo jubilado: sobre ciencia, medicina y política sanitaria. Los mejores escritores entre los escritores

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/10/the-young-surgeon-and-the-retired-pathologist-on-science-medicine-and-healthcare-policy-best-writers-among-the-writers/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.2     Atul Gawande: médico y escritor

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/18/32809/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.3     Edición y publicación de artículos en libros electrónicos por Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence: aportaciones de Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/10/16/editorial-publication-of-articles-in-e-books-by-leaders-in-pharmaceutical-business-intelligence-contributions-of-larry-h-bernstein-md-fcap/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.4     Abraham Verghese, MD, médico y autor destacado

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/22/abraham-verghese-md-physician-and-notable-author-2/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.5     Eric Topol, MD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/22/eric-topol-m-d/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.6     Gregory House, MD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/22/house-md/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

1.7     Peter Mueller, MD, Profesor de Radiología en MGH & HMS: galardonado con el Premio Honorífico de Synergy 2015

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/24/peter-mueller-md-professor-of-radiology-mgh-hms-2015-synergys-honorary-award-recipient/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Resumen

 

Capítulo 2:        Reconocimiento profesional

 

Introducción

 

2.1     Actas

 

2.1.1  Presentaciones de la investigación

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/04/research-presentations/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.1.2  Actas de la NYAS

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/25/proceedings-of-the-nyas/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.1.3  Reuniones de la Conferencia de Cold Spring Harbor

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/cold-spring-harbor-conference-meetings/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.1.4  Seminarios para jóvenes científicos

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/13/young-scientist-seminars/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.2     Conozca a las grandes mentes

 

2.2.1  Conozca a los galardonados

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/meet-great-minds/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

2.2.2  Richard Feynman, genio y laureado

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/richard-feynman-genius-and-laureate/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.2.3  Fractales y energía térmica

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/fractals-and-heat-energy/ 

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.3     Premios de la Fundación MacArthur

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/30/macarthur-genius-awards/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

 

2.4     La contribución de las mujeres fue más allá de Rosie la Remachadora

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/womens-contributions-went-beyond-rosie-the-riveter/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.4.1  Una operación secreta de la China maoísta conquistó la malaria

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/secret-maoist-chinese-operation-conquered-malaria-2-4-1/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.4.2  Los desarrolladores de fármacos antiparasitarios ganan el Premio Nobel

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/antiparasite-drug-developers-win-nobel/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.5     Factores de impacto y logros

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/03/impact-factors-and-achievement/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.6     Medicina RAPsódica: radiólogos, anestesistas y patólogos 

  

2.6.1  Logros destacados en radiología o radioterapia

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/outstanding-achievements-in-radiology-or-radiotherapy/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.6.2  Logros destacados en anestesiología

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/outstanding-achievement-in-anesthesiology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.6.3  Logros destacados en anatomopatología

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/outstanding-achievement-in-pathology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.6.4  Temas de anatomopatología: ediciones especiales de Medscape Pathology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/topics-in-pathology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.7     Cómo ganar el Premio Nobel

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/how-to-win-the-nobel-prize/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.8     Conversaciones sobre medicina

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/14/conversations-about-medicine/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.9     Avances actuales de la tecnología médica

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/13/current-advances-in-medical-technology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.10   Atul Butte, MD, PhD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/17/atul-butte/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

 

 

Capítulo 3:         Educación en Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

 

Introducción

 

3.1     Ganadores del Premio Nacional al Estudiante de Medicina Sobresaliente

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/25/national-outstanding-medical-student-award-winners

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

3.2     Premios destacados en educación médica

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/25/outstanding-awards-in-medical-education/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

3.3     Promover la excelencia entre profesionales de la medicina y la enfermería

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/promoting-excellence-in-physicians-and-nurses/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

3.4     Excelencia en la orientación académica

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/excellence-in-mentoring/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

 

 

Capítulo 4:        Enseñanza de las Ciencias en Matemáticas y Tecnología (STEM)

 

Introducción

4.1     Enseñanza de las Ciencias en Matemáticas y Tecnología

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/25/science-teaching-in-math-and-technology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

4.2     La televisión como medio de enseñanza de las ciencias

 

4.2.1  Science Discovery TV

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/science-discovery-tv/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

4.3     De Turing a Watson

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/from-turing-to-watson/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

 

SEGUNDA PARTE

 

Descubrimientos científicos médicos 

y 

Entrevistas con líderes científicos

 

 

Capítulo 5:        Sistema cardiovascular

 

Introducción

 

5.1     El Profesor Lichtstein, fisiólogo y Catedrático de Estudios Cardíacos de la Universidad Hebrea, elegido Decano de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/18/physiologist-professor-lichtstein-chair-in-heart-studies-at-the-hebrew-university-elected-dean-of-the-faculty-of-medicine-at-the-hebrew-university-of-jerusalem/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.2     Disfunción mitocondrial y trastornos cardíacos

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/14/mitochondrial-dysfunction-and-cardiac-disorders/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

5.3     Contribuciones notables a la cardiología regenerativa

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/10/20/notable-contributions-to-regenerative-cardiology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

5.4     Por sus logros en cardiología y enfermedades cardiovasculares: Premio Internacional de Investigación Científica Arrigo Recordati

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/11/22/for-accomplishments-in-cardiology-and-cardiovascular-diseases-the-arrigo-recordati-international-prize-for-scientific-research/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.5     Convertirse en cirujano cardiotorácico: un perfil emergente en el quirófano y a través de las publicaciones científicas

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/07/08/becoming-a-cardiothoracic-surgeon-an-emerging-profile-in-the-surgery-theater-and-through-scientific-publications/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.6     Diagnóstico y biomarcadores: nuevas tendencias de la industria de la genómica frente a las condiciones actuales del mercado y un nuevo programa informático de soporte clínico por expertos en tiempo real, Historical Scientific Leaders Memoirs

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/05/15/diagnosis-of-cardiovascular-disease-treatment-and-prevention-current-predicted-cost-of-care-and-the-promise-of-individualized-medicine-using-clinical-decision-support-systems/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

5.7     Prevención de la ECV y evaluación de las modalidades de formación de imágenes cardiovasculares: puntuación de calcio coronario mediante exploración por TC para justificar o no el uso de estatinas

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/03/03/cvd-prevention-and-evaluation-of-cardiovascular-imaging-modalities-coronary-calcium-score-by-ct-scan-screening-to-justify-or-not-the-use-of-statin/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.8     2013, el año que revolucionó la medicina y las 11 mejores historias de la cardiología

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/24/2013-as-a-year-of-revolutionizing-medicine-and-top-11-cardiology-stories/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.9     Reduciendo la brecha en las innovaciones médicas: Elazer Edelman en TEDMED 2013

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/06/01/bridging-the-gap-in-medical-innovations-elazer-edelman-tedmed-2013/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.10   Desarrollo de un stent pancreatobiliar liberador de quimioterapia para el adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático. Investigadores principales: Jeffrey Clark (MGH), Robert Langer (Koch), Elazer Edelman (programa HST de Harvard:MIT)

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/06/01/development-of-a-pancreatobiliary-chemotherapy-eluting-stent-for-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma-pis-jeffrey-clark-mgh-robert-langer-koch-elazer-edelman-harvardmit-hst-program/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.11   Publicaciones sobre la insuficiencia cardíaca del profesor William Gregory Stevenson, M.D., BWH

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/01/13/publications-on-heart-failure-by-prof-william-gregory-stevenson-m-d-bwh/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Resumen

 

Capítulo 6:        Genómica

 

Introducción

 

6.1     La genética antes del Proyecto Genoma Humano

 

6.1.1  ¿Por qué Pauling perdió la «carrera» contra James Watson y Francis Crick? Así describió Crick su descubrimiento en una carta a su hijo

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/07/why-did-pauling-lose-the-race-to-james-watson-and-francis-crick-how-crick-describes-his-discovery-in-a-letter-to-his-son/

Pnina Abir-Am, PhD 

 

6.1.2  La Unidad de Investigación del MRC de John Randall y el papel de Rosalind Franklin en el Kings College

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/05/john-randalls-mrc-research-unit-and-rosalind-franklins-role-at-kings-college/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.1.3  Entrevista con el codescubridor de la estructura del ADN: Watson sobre su libro «La doble hélice» y su cambio de opinión sobre Rosalind Franklin

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/11/09/interview-with-the-co-discoverer-of-the-structure-of-dna-watson-on-the-double-helix-and-his-changing-view-of-rosalind-franklin/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.1.4  El inicio y el desarrollo de la biología molecular y la genómica – Parte I

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/02/08/the-initiation-and-growth-of-molecular-biology-and-genomics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.2     El Proyecto Genoma Humano: artículos de interés en pharmaceuticalintelligence.com por varios autores

 

6.2.1  DESCIFRANDO EL CÓDIGO DE LA VIDA HUMANA: el nacimiento de la bioinformática y la genómica computacional

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/08/30/cracking-the-code-of-human-life-the-birth-of-bioinformatics-computational-genomics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.2.2  Ya se ha secuenciado la secuencia eucromática del genoma humano. ¿Qué viene a continuación?

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/04/21/what-comes-after-finishing-the-euchromatic-sequence-of-the-human-genome/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.2.3  Décimo aniversario del Proyecto Genoma Humano: entrevista con Kevin Davies, PhD – El genoma de los 1000 dólares

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/05/06/humane-genome-project-10th-anniversary-interview-with-kevin-davies-phd-the-1000-genome/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.2.4  El Instituto de Genómica de la Universidad de California en Santa Cruz creará un mapa de las variaciones genéticas humanas

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/13/university-of-california-santa-cruzs-genomics-institute-will-create-a-map-of-human-genetic-variations/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.2.5  Genomas excepcionales: el proceso para encontrarlos

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/11/19/exceptional-genomes-the-process-to-find-them/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.2.6  Múltiples proyectos genómicos sobre el cáncer de pulmón sugieren nuevas dianas; orientación de la investigación para el cáncer de pulmón no microcítico

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/09/05/multiple-lung-cancer-genomic-projects-suggest-new-targets-research-directions-for-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/

Stephen J Williams, PhD

 

6.3     El impacto de la secuenciación del genoma en la biología y la medicina

 

6.3.1  La genómica en la medicina: una visión de los datos genómicos centrada en el paciente

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/11/genomics-in-medicine-establishing-a-patient-centric-view-of-genomic-data/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.3.2  Modificación de genes por recombinación de homólogos: Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/modification-of-genes-by-homologous-recombination/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.3  AAAS 14-18 de febrero de 2013, Boston: Simposio sobre la ciencia de la incertidumbre en la medicina genómica

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/01/20/aaas-february-14-18-2013-bostonsymposia-the-science-of-uncertainty-in-genomic-medicine/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.3.4  La perspectiva metabólica de la expresión epigenética

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/03/28/the-metabolic-view-of-epigenetic-expression/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.5  La farmacogenómica

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/31/pharmacogenomics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.6  Fisiopatología neonatal

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/02/22/neonatal-pathophysiology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.7  Genética de las enfermedades de la conducción: enfermedad (bloqueo) de la conducción auriculoventricular (AV). Mutaciones genéticas: transcripción, excitabilidad y homeostasis energética

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/28/genetics-of-conduction-disease-atrioventricular-av-conduction-disease-block-gene-mutations-transcription-excitability-and-energy-homeostasis/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.3.8  Cartografía en 3D del genoma en combinación con FISH e iARN

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/3d-mapping-of-genome-in-combine-fish-and-rnai/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.9  Proyecto Varioma Humano: catálogo enciclopédico de variantes de secuencias indexadas según la secuencia del genoma humano

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/11/24/human-variome-project-encyclopedic-catalog-of-sequence-variants-indexed-to-the-human-genome-sequence/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.3.10         Mutagénesis del ADN y reparación del ADN

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/dna-mutagenesis-and-dna-repair/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.4     Reconocimiento al liderazgo científico por su contribución a la genómica

 

6.4.1  Entrevista con Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider y Jack W. Szostak (44 minutos)

http://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1227

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.4.2  Pioneros de la reparación del ADN ganan el Nobel: Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich y Aziz Sancar, Premio Nobel de Química 2015 por los mecanismos de reparación del ADN

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/dna-repair-pioneers-win-nobel/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.4.3    Dr. Richard Lifton, doctorado por la Universidad de Yale y el Instituto Médico Howard Hughes: galardonado en los Premios Breakthrough 2014 en Ciencias de la Vida por el descubrimiento de los genes y mecanismos bioquímicos que causan la hipertensión

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/03/03/richard-lifton-md-phd-of-yale-university-and-howard-hughes-medical-institute-recipient-of-2014-breakthrough-prizes-awarded-in-life-sciences-for-the-discovery-of-genes-and-biochemical-mechanisms-tha/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5     Líderes actuales del campo de la genómica

 

6.5.1  ROBERT LANGER

 

6.5.1.1       2014 Premios Breakthrough concedidos en Física Fundamental y Ciencias de la Vida con una dotación de 21 millones de dólares: Robert Langer del MIT recibe 3 millones de dólares

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/03/03/2014-breakthrough-prizes-awarded-in-fundamental-physics-and-life-sciences-for-a-total-of-21-million-mits-robert-langer-gets-3-million/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.1.2        Medalla Nacional de la Ciencia de 2006: Robert S. Langer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/21/national-medal-of-science/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.5.1.3       Confluencia de la química, la física y la biología

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/24/confluence-of-chemistry-physics-and-biology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.5.2  JENNIFER DOUDNA. Premio Nobel de Química 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer A. Doudna

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2020/10/08/the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2020-emmanuelle-charpentier-jennifer-a-doudna/

Reporteros: Stephen J Williams, PhD y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.2.1     Jennifer Doudna y los equipos de cosmología, ganadores del Premio Breakthrough 2015

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/03/16/jennifer-doudna-cosmology-teams-named-2015-breakthrough-prize-winners/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.2.2   ACTUALIZACIÓN. Interpretación médica de la frontera genómica: el CRISPR/Cas9: la tecnología de edición genética para nuevas terapias

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/medical-interpretation-of-the-genomics-frontier-crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technology-for-new-therapeutics/

Autores y redactores: Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Stephen J Williams, PhD y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.3  ERIC LANDER

 

6.5.3.1    Entrega del Premio Harvey el 30 de abril de 2012: en el Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, a Eric S. Lander del MIT y Eli Yablonovitch de la UC, Berkeley

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/05/22/2012-harvey-prize-in-april-30-at-the-technion-israel-institute-of-technology-to-eric-s-lander-mit-eli-yablonovitch-uc-berkeley/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.4  La genómica en 2013. La era más allá de la secuenciación del genoma humano: Francis Collins, Craig Venter, Eric Lander y otros

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/02/11/2013-genomics-the-era-beyond-the-sequencing-human-genome-francis-collins-craig-venter-eric-lander-et-al/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.5  Reconocimientos a las contribuciones en genómica por los premios Dan David

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2017/07/31/recognitions-for-contributions-in-genomics-by-dan-david-prize-awards/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.6  65 laureados con el Premio Nobel se reúnen con 650 jóvenes científicos en los campos de la fisiología y la medicina, la física y la química, del 28 de junio al 3 de julio de 2015, en Lindau y la isla de Mainau, Alemania

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/07/13/65-nobel-laureates-meet-650-young-scientists-covering-the-fields-of-physiology-and-medicine-physics-and-chemistry-28-june-3-july-2015-lindau-mainau-island-germany/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Resumen

  

Capítulo 7:        Los ARN

 

Introducción

 

7.1     La ARN-polimerasa: base molecular de la transcripción del ADN. Roger Kornberg, MD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/rna-polymerase-molecular-basis-for-dna-transcription/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

7.2     Un gen, una proteína. Charles Yanofsky

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/one-gene-one-protein/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

7.3     Convirtiendo la información genética en proteínas funcionales. James E. Darnell Jr.

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/turning-genetic-information-into-working-proteins/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

7.4     ARN pequeños pero poderosos. Victor Ambros, David Baulcombe y Gary Ruvkun, Phillip A. Sharp

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/small-but-mighty-rnas/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

7.5     Redes de genes de respuesta al estrés, Nina V. Fedoroff

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/stress-response-gene-networks/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

 

Capítulo 8:        Proteómica, plegado de proteínas y regulación celular

 

Introducción

 

8.1     La vida y obra de Allan Wilson

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/20/the-life-and-work-of-allan-wilson/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.2     Proteómica

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/31/proteomics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.3     Más complejidad en la evolución de las proteínas

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/18/more-complexity-in-protein-evolution/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.4     Proteínas: un registro evolutivo de la diversidad y la adaptación

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/17/proteins-an-evolutionary-record-of-diversity-and-adaptation/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.5     Héroes de la investigación médica básica. Leroy Hood

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/heroes-in-basic-medical-research-leroy-hood/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.6     Los investigadores de la ubiquitina ganan el Premio Nobel. Ciechanover, Hershko y Rose premiados por el descubrimiento de la proteólisis mediada por la ubiquitina

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/ubiquitin-researchers-win-nobel/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.7     La amortiguación de los módulos genéticos implicados en el metabolismo del ciclo de los ácidos tricarboxílicos proporciona regulación homeostática

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/08/27/buffering-of-genetic-modules-involved-in-tricarboxylic-acid-cycle-metabolism-provides-homeomeostatic-regulation/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.8     Perfiles dinámicos de proteínas

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/dynamic-protein-profiling/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9     Plegado de proteínas

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/09/protein-folding/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Introducción al mal plegamiento de las proteínas

 

8.9.1  Mal plegamiento de las proteínas y priones. Susan L. Lindquist, Stanley B. Prusiner

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/11/protein-misfolding-and-prions-3/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9.2  Censo seleccionado de las proteínas moduladoras de la autofagia y las moléculas pequeñas que son posibles dianas para el tratamiento del cáncer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/09/14/a-curated-census-of-autophagy-modulating-proteins-and-small-molecules-candidate-targets-for-cancer-therapy/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

8.9.3  Insuficiencia de S voluntaria e involuntaria

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/03/07/transthyretin-and-the-stressful-condition/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9.4  Transtiretina y masa corporal magra en estado estable y de estrés

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/01/transthyretin-and-lean-body-mass-in-stable-and-stressed-state/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9.5  La cuestión del retraso del crecimiento en las llanuras del Ganges

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/15/the-matter-of-stunting-in-the-ganges-plains/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9.6  Proteínas, formación de imágenes y agentes terapéuticos

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/proteins-imaging-and-therapeutics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

 

8.10   Plegado de proteínas y carga de las vesículas

 

8.10.1         Proteínas de choque térmico (HSP) y chaperonas moleculares

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/04/13/heat-shock-proteins-and-molecular-chaperones/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.10.2         Chaperona molecular de unión al colágeno HSP47: su papel en la fibrosis intestinal. Las células epiteliales colónicas y los miofibroblastos subepiteliales

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/01/25/collagen-binding-molecular-chaperone-hsp47-role-in-intestinal-fibrosis-colonic-epithelial-cells-and-subepithelial-myofibroblasts/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

8.10.3         Biología, fisiología y fisiopatología de las proteínas de choque térmico

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/04/16/biology-physiology-and-pathophysiology-of-heat-shock-proteins/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.10.4         El papel de los exosomas en la regulación metabólica

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2017/10/08/the-role-of-exosomes-in-metabolic-regulation/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Capítulo 9:        Neurociencia

 

Introducción

 

9.1     Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2013 por el transporte celular: James E. Rothman de la Universidad de Yale; Randy W. Schekman de la Universidad de California, Berkeley; y el Dr. Thomas C. Südhof de la Universidad de Stanford

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/10/07/nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine-2013-for-cell-transport-james-e-rothman-of-yale-university-randy-w-schekman-of-the-university-of-california-berkeley-and-dr-thomas-c-sudhof-of-stanford-un/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

9.2     Proteínas que controlan la liberación de neurotransmisores. Richard H. Scheller

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/proteins-that-control-neurotransmitter-release/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.3     Héroes de la investigación médica básica. Robert J. Lefkowitz

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/heroes-in-basic-medical-research-robert-j-lefkowitz/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.4     LA MENTE Y LA MEMORIA: BIOLÓGICA Y DIGITAL. Simposio del Premio Dan David 2014

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/06/18/mind-and-memory-biological-and-digital-2014-dan-david-prize-symposium/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

9.5     Una nueva forma de moverse, Michael Sheetz, James Spudich, Ronald Vale

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/a-new-way-of-moving-michael-sheetz-james-spudich-ronald-vale/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.6     Función de los núcleos basales

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/role-of-the-basal-ganglia/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.7     La neurogenética del lenguaje: Patricia Kuhl, Premio George A. Miller 2015

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/the-neurogenetics-of-language-patricia-kuhl/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.8     La estructura de nuestro sistema visual

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/the-structure-of-our-visual-and-auditory-systemsystem/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.9     Logros destacados en la investigación de la esquizofrenia

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/outstanding-achievement-in-schizophrenia-

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.10   Fallece a los 92 años George A. Miller, pionero de la psicología cognitiva

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/george-a-miller-a-pioneer-in-cognitive-psychology-is-dead-at-92/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.11   Entender qué ocurre en el cerebro que causa las enfermedades mentales

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/to-understand-what-happens-in-the-brain-to-cause-mental-illness/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.12   Cerebro y cognición

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/14/brain-and-cognition/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.13   Reducir los síntomas de las enfermedades mentales y reeducar el cerebro

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/to-reduce-symptoms-of-mental-illness-and-retrain-the-brain/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.14   Comportamiento

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/behavior/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.15   Artículos notables sobre neurociencias

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/notable-papers-in-neurosciences/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.16   Pirroloquinolina quinona (PQQ): un suplemento no probado

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/15/pyrroloquinoline-quinone-pqq-an-unproved-supplement/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

  

Capítulo 10:      Microbiología e Inmunología

 

Introducción

 

10.1   Genes de referencia en el microbioma intestinal humano: el catálogo de BGI

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/07/14/reference-genes-in-the-human-gut-microbiome-the-bgi-catalogue/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

10.2   Desnutrición en la India, alta tasa de mortalidad neonatal y retraso en el crecimiento de los niños menores de cinco años

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/07/15/malnutrition-in-india-high-newborn-death-rate-and-stunting-of-children-age-under-five-years/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.3   En sus propias palabras: fallece a los 81 años Leonard Herzenberg, el inmunólogo que revolucionó la investigación

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/11/11/in-his-own-words-leonard-herzenberg-immunologist-who-revolutionized-research-dies-at-81/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

10.4   Héroes de la investigación médica: el Dr. Robert Ting y los retrovirus en el SIDA y el cáncer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/17/heroes-in-medical-research-dr-robert-ting-ph-d-and-retrovirus-in-aids-and-cancer/

Stephen J Williams, PhD

 

10.5   Premio Tang de 2014: inmunidad y cáncer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/06/20/tang-prize-for-2014-immunity-and-cancer/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.6   Modelo halstediano de la progresión del cáncer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/04/30/halstedian-model-of-cancer-progression/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.7   La historia de la hematología y las ciencias afines

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/12/05/the-history-of-hematology-and-related-sciences/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.8   La emergencia de la anatomía patológica en el siglo XXI

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/08/03/pathology-emergence-in-the-21st-century/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.9   Héroes de la investigación médica: Barnett Rosenberg y el descubrimiento del cisplatino

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/01/12/heroes-in-medical-research-barnett-rosenberg-and-the-discovery-of-cisplatin/

Stephen J Williams, PhD

 

10.10     Respuestas inmunitarias mediadas por los linfocitos T y vías de señalización activadas por los TLR. Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann, Ralph M. Steinman

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/t-cell-mediated-immune-responses-signaling-pathways-activated-by-tlrs/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.11      Roeder: el coactivador OCA-B, el primer coactivador específico de las células, descubierto por Roeder en 1992, es exclusivo de los linfocitos B del sistema inmunitario

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/roeder-the-coactivator-oca-b-the-first-cell-specific-coactivator-discovered-by-roeder-in-1992-is-unique-to-immune-system-b-cells/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

 

 

Capítulo 11:      Hormonas endocrinas

 

Introducción

 

11.1   Obesidad, 2010. Douglas L. Coleman, Jeffrey M. Friedman

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/obesity/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.2   Receptores solitarios: RXR. Jensen, Chambon y Evans. Los receptores nucleares provocan la producción de ARN en respuesta a las hormonas esteroideas

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/lonely-receptors-rxr-jensen-chambon-and-evans/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.3   El premio Fred Conrad Koch a la trayectoria profesional, el más alto honor de la Endocrine Society, reconoce los logros de toda una vida y las contribuciones excepcionales de una persona al campo de la endocrinología

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/the-fred-conrad-koch-lifetime-achievement-award-the-societys-highest-honor-recognizes-the-lifetime-achievements-and-exceptional-contributions-of-an-individual-to-the-field-of/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.4   Premio Gerald D Aurbach a la investigación aplicable sobresaliente

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2017/07/31/gerald-d-aurbach-award-for-outstanding-translational-research/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

11.5   Premio Roy O. Greep a la Investigación destacada en endocrinología. Martin M. Matzuk

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/roy-o-greep-award-for-outstanding-research-in-endocrinology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.6   Premios de la Sociedad Americana de Fisiología

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/09/american-society-of-physiology-awards/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.7   Solomon Berson y Rosalyn Yalow

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/solomon-berson-and-rosalyn-yalow/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

 

 

Capítulo 12:      Células madre

 

Introducción

 

12.1   Las células maduras pueden reprogramarse para convertirse en pluripotentes. John Gurdon y Shinya Yamanaka

https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2012/advanced-medicineprize2012.pdf

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.2   Observación de las colonias de bazo en ratones y comprobación de la existencia de las células madre. Till y McCulloch

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/observing-the-spleen-colonies-in-mice-and-proving-the-existence-of-stem-cells/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.3   Premio McEwen a la innovación: Irving Weissman, M.D., Escuela de Medicina de Stanford, y Hans Clevers, M.D., Ph.D., Instituto Hubrecht

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/mcewen-award-for-innovation-irving-weissman-m-d-stanford-school-of-medicine-and-hans-clevers-m-d-ph-d-hubrecht-institute/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.4   Biología del desarrollo

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/developmental-biology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.5   Ingeniería genómica mediada por CRISPR/Cas. Rudolf Jaenisch

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/crisprcas-mediated-genome-engineering/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.6   Ribozimas y máquinas de ARN. El trabajo de Jennifer A. Doudna

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/15/ribozymes-and-rna-machines-work-of-jennifer-a-doudna/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

12.7   Ralph Brinster, el «padre de la transgénesis»

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/ralph-brinster-father-of-transgenesis/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.8   Modificación genética dirigida

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/targeted-gene-modification/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.9   Células madre y cáncer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/stem-cells-and-cancer/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.10      Premios ALPSP

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/apls-awards/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.11      Premio Eppendorf para jóvenes investigadores europeos

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/18/eppendorf-award-for-young-european-investigators/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.12    Noticias de última hora sobre la ingeniería genómica, la DMT2 y los tratamientos antineoplásicos

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/28/breaking-news-about-genomic-engineering-t2dm-and-cancer-treatments/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

 

 

Capítulo 13:      Impresión 3D y aplicación médica

 

Introducción

 

13.1   Impresión en 3D

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/3-d-printing/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.2   ¿Qué es la impresión 3D?

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/what-is-3-d-printing/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.3   El científico que está haciendo que la impresión 3D sea más humana

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/the-scientist-who-is-making-3d-printing-more-human/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.4   Únase a estos grupos de impresión médica en 3D en Twitter y LinkedIn para conocer las últimas novedades

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/22/join-these-medical-3d-printing-groups-on-twitter-and-linkedin/

Stephen J Williams, PhD

 

13.5   Neri Oxman y su grupo, Mediated Matter del MIT Media Lab, han desarrollado una técnica para imprimir en 3D vidrio fundido

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/30/neri-oxman-and-her-mediated-matter-group-mit-media-lab-have-developed-a-technique-for-3d-printing-molten-glass/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.6   El «chemputer» que podría imprimir cualquier fármaco

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/drug-chemputer/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.7   Uso de la bioimpresión en 3D para crear tejido vivo cardíaco: imprime tu corazón

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/03/16/3-d-bioprinting-in-use-to-create-cardiac-living-tissue-print-your-heart-out/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.8   Perspectiva de LPBI sobre las aplicaciones médicas y de ciencias de la vida. La impresión en 3D: tintas biológicas, biomateriales y biopolímeros

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/12/lpbis-perspective-on-medical-and-life-sciences-applications-3d-printing-bioinks-biomaterials-biopolymer/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.9   MEMS médicos, sensores e impresión en 3D: frontera en el control del proceso de los biomateriales

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/10/medical-mems-sensors-and-3d-printing-frontier-in-process-control-of-biomaterials/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN y Adam Sonnenberg, BSC, MSc(c) en 2021: PhD, estudiante de medicina de 2.º año

 

13.10    Los NIH y la FDA sobre la impresión en 3D para aplicaciones médicas: puntos de vista sobre la impresión de fármacos a la carta, reparación directa de tejidos in situ y órganos impresos para implantes vivos

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/07/27/nih-and-fda-on-3d-printing-in-medical-applications-views-for-on-demand-drug-printing-in-situ-direct-tissue-repair-and-printed-organs-for-live-implants/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.11    La técnica de fabricación «pop-up» supera a la impresión en 3D

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/14/pop-up-fabrication-technique-trumps-3d-printing/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.12 Potenciación de la ONTOLOGÍA de la investigación sobre la impresión en 3D

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/21/augmentation-of-the-ontology-of-the-3d-printing-research/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.13    Microscopía de superresolución

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/14/superresolution-microscopy/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

 

Resumen

 

 

Capítulo 14:      Química medicinal sintética

 

Introducción

 

14.1   Perspectivas de la química medicinal biológica y sintética

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/19/insights-in-biological-and-synthetic-medicinal-chemistry/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

14.2   Trabajos pioneros en el ámbito del cáncer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/breakthrough-work-in-cancer/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen de la segunda parte

 

Resumen del volumen y conclusiones

 

EPÍLOGO

 

 

SEGUNDO VOLUMEN

 

Descubrimientos científicos médicos para el siglo XXI

y

entrevistas con líderes científicos

 

Autor, redactor y editor:

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Medical Scientific Discoveries for the

21st Century

&

Interviews with Scientific Leaders

Disponible en Amazon.com desde el 09/12/2017

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078313281

 

 

PART B:

The eTOCs in Bi-lingual format: Spanish and English in Text format

 

Serie E: Medicina centrada en el paciente

Asesor de contenidos de la serie: Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

 

Descubrimientos científicos médicos para el siglo XXI

y

Entrevistas con líderes científicos

 

 

2017

Traducción a español

Montero Language Services

Disponible en Amazon.com desde el 09/12/2017

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078313281

 

Autor, redactor y editor

 

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Director científico

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence

Larry.bernstein@gmail.com

 

Fuente de la imagen: Cortesía de Shutterstock

 

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Redactora jefe de la serie de libros electrónicos BioMed

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence, Boston

avivalev-ari@alum.berkeley.edu

 

Series E: Patient-Centered Medicine 

Series Content Consultant: Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

 

Medical Scientific Discoveries for the 21st Century

&

Interviews with Scientific Leaders

 

 

2017

 

Available on Amazon.com since December 9, 2017

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078313281

 

Author, Curator and Editor

 

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Chief Scientific Officer

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence

Larry.bernstein@gmail.com

 

 

 

Image Source: Courtesy of Shutterstock

 

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Editor-in-Chief BioMed e-Series of e-Books

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence, Boston

avivalev-ari@alum.berkeley.edu

 

 

Lista de colaboradores y sus biografías

List of Contributors & Contributors’ Biographies

 

Autor del volumen, redactor y editor

Volume Author, Curator and Editor

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Prefacio, todas las introducciones, todos los resúmenes y el epílogo

Preface, all Introductions, all Summaries and Epilogue

 

Primera parte:

Part One:

1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.3, 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.5, 2.6.1, 2.6.2, 2.6.3, 2.6.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

 

Segunda parte:

Part Two:

5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 6.1.2, 6.1.4, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.3.2, 6.3.4, 6.3.5, 6.3.6, 6.3.8, 6.3.10, 6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.5.1.2, 6.5.1.3, 6.5.2.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.9.1, 8.9.3, 8.9.4, 8.9.5, 8.9.6, 8.10.1, 8.10.2, 8.10.3, 8.10.4, 9.2, 9.3, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 10.2, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.10, 10.11, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.6, 13.12, 13.13, 14.1, 14.2

 

Autores invitados:

Guest Authors:

Pnina Abir-Am, PhD 

Segunda parte: 6.1.1

Part Two: 6.1.1

 

Stephen J Williams, PhD:

 Segunda parte: 6.2.6, 6.5.2, 6.5.2.2, 10.4, 10.9, 13.4

 Part Two: 6.2.6, 6.5.2, 6.5.2.2, 10.4, 10.9, 13.4

 

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN:

Primera parte:

Part One:

1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 2.2.1, 2.3

Segunda parte:

Part Two:

5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 6.1.3, 6.2.3, 6.2.4, 6.2.5, 6.3.1, 6.3.3, 6.3.7, 6.3.9, 6.4.3, 6.5.1.1, 6.5.2, 6.5.2.1, 6.5.2.2, 6.5.3.1, 6.5.4, 6.5.5, 6,5,6, 8.9.2, 8.10.2, 9.1, 9.4, 10.1, 10.3, 11.4, 12.6, 13.5, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10, 13.11

 

Adam Sonnenberg, BSC, MSc(c) En 2021: PhD, estudiante de medicina de 2.º año

Adam Sonnenberg, BSC, MSc(c) In 2021: PhD, Medical Student 2nd year

Segunda parte: 13.9

Part Two: 13.9

 

 

Los enlaces indicados llevan al contenido original en inglés

MD

Licenciado/a en medicina y cirugía (Estados Unidos)

PhD

Doctorado/a

RN

Enfermero/a titulado/a (National Board of Nursing Registration)

FCAP

Miembro distinguido (Fellow) del Colegio de Anatomopatólogos de los Estados Unidos

CT

Tomografía computarizada (TC)

BWH

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

MRC

Medical Research Council (Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas del Reino Unido)

DNA

ADN

AV

Auriculoventricular

FISH

Hibridación in situ con fluorescencia

RNAi

Interferencia de ARN

RXR

Receptor X de los retinoides

NIH

National Institutes of Health (Institutos Nacionales de Salud de los Estados Unidos)

FDA

Food and Drug Administration (Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos)

Indice de contenidos electrónico (IDCe)

electronic Table of Contents

 

PRIMERA PARTE

Los médicos como autores, escritores sobre medicina y 

formadores en salud pública

PART ONE

Physician as Authors, Writers in Medicine and 

Educator in Public Health

 

 

Capítulo 1:        Los médicos como autores

Chapter 1:         Physicians as Authors

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

1.1     El joven cirujano y el anatomopatólogo jubilado: sobre ciencia, medicina y política sanitaria. Los mejores escritores entre los escritores

1.1     The Young Surgeon and The Retired Pathologist: On Science, Medicine and HealthCare Policy – Best writers Among the WRITERS

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/10/the-young-surgeon-and-the-retired-pathologist-on-science-medicine-and-healthcare-policy-best-writers-among-the-writers/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.2     Atul Gawande: médico y escritor

1.2     Atul Gawande: Physician and Writer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/18/32809/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.3     Edición y publicación de artículos en libros electrónicos por Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence: aportaciones de Larry H. Bernstein, MD, FCAP

1.3     Editorial & Publication of Articles in e-Books by Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence: Contributions of Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/10/16/editorial-publication-of-articles-in-e-books-by-leaders-in-pharmaceutical-business-intelligence-contributions-of-larry-h-bernstein-md-fcap/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.4     Abraham Verghese, MD, médico y autor destacado

1.4     Abraham Verghese, MD, Physician and Notable Author

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/22/abraham-verghese-md-physician-and-notable-author-2/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.5     Eric Topol, MD

1.5     Eric Topol, M.D.

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/22/eric-topol-m-d/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

1.6     Gregory House, MD

1.6     Gregory House, MD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/22/house-md/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

1.7     Peter Mueller, MD, Profesor de Radiología en MGH & HMS: galardonado con el Premio Honorífico de Synergy 2015

1.7     Peter Mueller, MD Professor of Radiology @MGH & HMS – 2015 Synergy’s Honorary Award Recipient

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/24/peter-mueller-md-professor-of-radiology-mgh-hms-2015-synergys-honorary-award-recipient/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Resumen

Summary

 

Capítulo 2:        Reconocimiento profesional

Chapter 2:         Professional Recognition

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

2.1     Actas

2.1     Proceedings

 

2.1.1  Presentaciones de la investigación

2.1.1  Research Presentations

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/04/research-presentations/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.1.2  Actas de la NYAS

2.1.2  Proceedings of the NYAS

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/25/proceedings-of-the-nyas/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.1.3  Reuniones de la Conferencia de Cold Spring Harbor

2.1.3  Cold Spring Harbor Conference Meetings

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/cold-spring-harbor-conference-meetings/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.1.4  Seminarios para jóvenes científicos

2.1.4  Young Scientist Seminars

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/13/young-scientist-seminars/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.2     Conozca a las grandes mentes

2.2     Meet Great Minds

 

2.2.1  Conozca a los galardonados

2.2.1  Meet the Laureates

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/meet-great-minds/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

2.2.2  Richard Feynman, genio y laureado

2.2.2  Richard Feynman, Genius and Laureate

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/richard-feynman-genius-and-laureate/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.2.3  Fractales y energía térmica

2.2.3  Fractals and Heat Energy

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/fractals-and-heat-energy/ 

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.3     Premios de la Fundación MacArthur

2.3     MacArthur Foundation Awards

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/30/macarthur-genius-awards/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

2.4     La contribución de las mujeres fue más allá de Rosie la Remachadora

2.4     Women’s Contributions went beyond Rosie the Riveter

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/womens-contributions-went-beyond-rosie-the-riveter/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.4.1  Una operación secreta de la China maoísta conquistó la malaria

2.4.1  Secret Maoist Chinese Operation Conquered Malaria

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/secret-maoist-chinese-operation-conquered-malaria-2-4-1/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.4.2  Los desarrolladores de fármacos antiparasitarios ganan el Premio Nobel

2.4.2  Antiparasite Drug Developers Win Nobel

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/antiparasite-drug-developers-win-nobel/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.5     Factores de impacto y logros

2.5     Impact Factors and Achievement

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/03/impact-factors-and-achievement/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.6     Medicina RAPsódica: radiólogos, anestesistas y patólogos 

2.6     RAPsodisiac Medicine: Radiologists, Anesthesiologists, and Pathologists 

  

2.6.1  Logros destacados en radiología o radioterapia

2.6.1  Outstanding-achievements-in-radiology-or-radiotherapy

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/outstanding-achievements-in-radiology-or-radiotherapy/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.6.2  Logros destacados en anestesiología

2.6.2  Outstanding-achievement-in-anesthesiology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/outstanding-achievement-in-anesthesiology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.6.3  Logros destacados en anatomopatología

2.6.3  Outstanding-achievement-in-pathology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/outstanding-achievement-in-pathology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.6.4  Temas de anatomopatología: ediciones especiales de Medscape Pathology

2.6.4  Topics in Pathology – Special Issues from Medscape Pathology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/topics-in-pathology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.7     Cómo ganar el Premio Nobel

2.7     How to win the Nobel Prize

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/how-to-win-the-nobel-prize/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.8     Conversaciones sobre medicina

2.8     Conversations about Medicine

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/14/conversations-about-medicine/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.9     Avances actuales de la tecnología médica

2.9     Current Advances in Medical Technology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/13/current-advances-in-medical-technology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

2.10   Atul Butte, MD, PhD

2.10   Atul Butte, MD, PhD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/17/atul-butte/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 3:         Educación en Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

Chapter 3:          Medical and Allied Health Sciences Education

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

3.1     Ganadores del Premio Nacional al Estudiante de Medicina Sobresaliente

3.1     National Outstanding Medical Student Award Winners

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/25/national-outstanding-medical-student-award-winners

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

3.2     Premios destacados en educación médica

3.2     Outstanding Awards in Medical Education

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/25/outstanding-awards-in-medical-education/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

3.3     Promover la excelencia entre profesionales de la medicina y la enfermería

3.3     Promoting Excellence in Physicians and Nurses

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/promoting-excellence-in-physicians-and-nurses/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

3.4     Excelencia en la orientación académica

3.4     Excellence in mentoring

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/excellence-in-mentoring/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 4:        Enseñanza de las Ciencias en Matemáticas y Tecnología (STEM)

Chapter 4:         Science Teaching in Mathematics and Technology (STEM)

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

4.1     Enseñanza de las Ciencias en Matemáticas y Tecnología

4.1     Science Teaching in Math and Technology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/25/science-teaching-in-math-and-technology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

4.2     La televisión como medio de enseñanza de las ciencias

4.2     Television as a Medium for Science Education

 

4.2.1  Science Discovery TV

4.2.1  Science Discovery TV

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/26/science-discovery-tv/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

4.3     De Turing a Watson

4.3     From Turing to Watson

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/from-turing-to-watson/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

Summary

 

SEGUNDA PARTE

 

Descubrimientos científicos médicos 

y 

Entrevistas con líderes científicos

PART TWO

 

Medical Scientific Discoveries 

& 

Interviews with Scientific Leaders

 

Capítulo 5:        Sistema cardiovascular

Chapter 5:         Cardiovascular System

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

5.1     El Profesor Lichtstein, fisiólogo y Catedrático de Estudios Cardíacos de la Universidad Hebrea, elegido Decano de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén

5.1     Physiologist, Professor Lichtstein, Chair in Heart Studies at The Hebrew University elected Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/18/physiologist-professor-lichtstein-chair-in-heart-studies-at-the-hebrew-university-elected-dean-of-the-faculty-of-medicine-at-the-hebrew-university-of-jerusalem/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.2     Disfunción mitocondrial y trastornos cardíacos

5.2     Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiac Disorders

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/14/mitochondrial-dysfunction-and-cardiac-disorders/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

5.3     Contribuciones notables a la cardiología regenerativa

5.3     Notable Contributions to Regenerative Cardiology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/10/20/notable-contributions-to-regenerative-cardiology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

5.4     Por sus logros en cardiología y enfermedades cardiovasculares: Premio Internacional de Investigación Científica Arrigo Recordati

5.4     For Accomplishments in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Arrigo Recordati International Prize for Scientific Research

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/11/22/for-accomplishments-in-cardiology-and-cardiovascular-diseases-the-arrigo-recordati-international-prize-for-scientific-research/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.5     Convertirse en cirujano cardiotorácico: un perfil emergente en el quirófano y a través de las publicaciones científicas

5.5     Becoming a Cardiothoracic Surgeon: An Emerging Profile in the Surgery Theater and through Scientific Publications

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/07/08/becoming-a-cardiothoracic-surgeon-an-emerging-profile-in-the-surgery-theater-and-through-scientific-publications/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.6     Diagnóstico y biomarcadores: nuevas tendencias de la industria de la genómica frente a las condiciones actuales del mercado y un nuevo programa informático de soporte clínico por expertos en tiempo real, Historical Scientific Leaders Memoirs

5.6     Diagnostics and Biomarkers: Novel Genomics Industry Trends vs Present Market Conditions and Historical Scientific Leaders Memoirs

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/05/15/diagnosis-of-cardiovascular-disease-treatment-and-prevention-current-predicted-cost-of-care-and-the-promise-of-individualized-medicine-using-clinical-decision-support-systems/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

5.7     Prevención de la ECV y evaluación de las modalidades de formación de imágenes cardiovasculares: puntuación de calcio coronario mediante exploración por TC para justificar o no el uso de estatinas

5.7     CVD Prevention and Evaluation of Cardiovascular Imaging Modalities: Coronary Calcium Score by CT Scan Screening to justify or not the Use of Statin

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/03/03/cvd-prevention-and-evaluation-of-cardiovascular-imaging-modalities-coronary-calcium-score-by-ct-scan-screening-to-justify-or-not-the-use-of-statin/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.8     2013, el año que revolucionó la medicina y las 11 mejores historias de la cardiología

5.8     2013 as A Year of Revolutionizing Medicine and Top 11 Cardiology Stories

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/24/2013-as-a-year-of-revolutionizing-medicine-and-top-11-cardiology-stories/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.9     Reduciendo la brecha en las innovaciones médicas: Elazer Edelman en TEDMED 2013

5.9     Bridging the Gap in Medical Innovations – Elazer Edelman @ TEDMED 2013

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/06/01/bridging-the-gap-in-medical-innovations-elazer-edelman-tedmed-2013/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.10   Desarrollo de un stent pancreatobiliar liberador de quimioterapia para el adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático. Investigadores principales: Jeffrey Clark (MGH), Robert Langer (Koch), Elazer Edelman (programa HST de Harvard:MIT)

5.10   Development of a Pancreatobiliary Chemotherapy Eluting Stent for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma PIs: Jeffrey Clark (MGH), Robert Langer (Koch), Elazer Edelman (Harvard:MIT HST Program)

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/06/01/development-of-a-pancreatobiliary-chemotherapy-eluting-stent-for-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma-pis-jeffrey-clark-mgh-robert-langer-koch-elazer-edelman-harvardmit-hst-program/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

5.11   Publicaciones sobre la insuficiencia cardíaca del profesor William Gregory Stevenson, M.D., BWH

5.11   Publications on Heart Failure by Prof. William Gregory Stevenson, M.D., BWH

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/01/13/publications-on-heart-failure-by-prof-william-gregory-stevenson-m-d-bwh/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 6:        Genómica

Chapter 6:         Genomics

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

6.1     La genética antes del Proyecto Genoma Humano

6.1     Genetics before the Human Genome Project

 

6.1.1  ¿Por qué Pauling perdió la «carrera» contra James Watson y Francis Crick? Así describió Crick su descubrimiento en una carta a su hijo

6.1.1  Why did Pauling Lose the “Race” to James Watson and Francis Crick? How Crick Describes his Discovery in a Letter to his Son

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/07/why-did-pauling-lose-the-race-to-james-watson-and-francis-crick-how-crick-describes-his-discovery-in-a-letter-to-his-son/

Pnina Abir-Am, PhD 

 

6.1.2  La Unidad de Investigación del MRC de John Randall y el papel de Rosalind Franklin en el Kings College

6.1.2  John Randall’s MRC Research Unit and Rosalind Franklin’s role at Kings College

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/05/john-randalls-mrc-research-unit-and-rosalind-franklins-role-at-kings-college/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.1.3  Entrevista con el codescubridor de la estructura del ADN: Watson sobre su libro «La doble hélice» y su cambio de opinión sobre Rosalind Franklin

6.1.3  Interview with the co-discoverer of the structure of DNA: Watson on The Double Helix and his changing view of Rosalind Franklin

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/11/09/interview-with-the-co-discoverer-of-the-structure-of-dna-watson-on-the-double-helix-and-his-changing-view-of-rosalind-franklin/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.1.4  El inicio y el desarrollo de la biología molecular y la genómica – Parte I

6.1.4  The Initiation and Growth of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Part I

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/02/08/the-initiation-and-growth-of-molecular-biology-and-genomics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.2     El Proyecto Genoma Humano: artículos de interés en pharmaceuticalintelligence.com por varios autores

6.2     The Human Genome Project: Articles of Note @ pharmaceuticalintelligence.com by multiple authors

 

6.2.1  DESCIFRANDO EL CÓDIGO DE LA VIDA HUMANA: el nacimiento de la bioinformática y la genómica computacional

6.2.1  CRACKING THE CODE OF HUMAN LIFE: The Birth of BioInformatics & Computational Genomics

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/08/30/cracking-the-code-of-human-life-the-birth-of-bioinformatics-computational-genomics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.2.2  Ya se ha secuenciado la secuencia eucromática del genoma humano. ¿Qué viene a continuación?

6.2.2  What comes after finishing the Euchromatic Sequence of the Human Genome?

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/04/21/what-comes-after-finishing-the-euchromatic-sequence-of-the-human-genome/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.2.3  Décimo aniversario del Proyecto Genoma Humano: entrevista con Kevin Davies, PhD – El genoma de los 1000 dólares

6.2.3  Human Genome Project – 10th Anniversary: Interview with Kevin Davies, PhD – The $1000 Genome

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/05/06/humane-genome-project-10th-anniversary-interview-with-kevin-davies-phd-the-1000-genome/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.2.4  El Instituto de Genómica de la Universidad de California en Santa Cruz creará un mapa de las variaciones genéticas humanas

6.2.4  University of California Santa Cruz’s Genomics Institute will create a Map of Human Genetic Variations

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/13/university-of-california-santa-cruzs-genomics-institute-will-create-a-map-of-human-genetic-variations/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.2.5  Genomas excepcionales: el proceso para encontrarlos

6.2.5  Exceptional Genomes: The Process to find them

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/11/19/exceptional-genomes-the-process-to-find-them/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.2.6  Múltiples proyectos genómicos sobre el cáncer de pulmón sugieren nuevas dianas; orientación de la investigación para el cáncer de pulmón no microcítico

6.2.6  Multiple Lung Cancer Genomic Projects Suggest New Targets, Research Directions for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/09/05/multiple-lung-cancer-genomic-projects-suggest-new-targets-research-directions-for-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/

Stephen J Williams, PhD

 

6.3     El impacto de la secuenciación del genoma en la biología y la medicina

6.3     The Impact of Genome Sequencing on Biology and Medicine

 

6.3.1  La genómica en la medicina: una visión de los datos genómicos centrada en el paciente

6.3.1  Genomics in Medicine – Establishing a Patient-Centric View of Genomic Data

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/11/genomics-in-medicine-establishing-a-patient-centric-view-of-genomic-data/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.3.2  Modificación de genes por recombinación de homólogos: Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies

6.3.2  Modification of genes by homologous recombination – Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/modification-of-genes-by-homologous-recombination/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.3  AAAS 14-18 de febrero de 2013, Boston: Simposio sobre la ciencia de la incertidumbre en la medicina genómica

6.3.3  AAAS February 14-18, 2013, Boston: Symposia – The Science of Uncertainty in Genomic Medicine

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/01/20/aaas-february-14-18-2013-bostonsymposia-the-science-of-uncertainty-in-genomic-medicine/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.3.4  La perspectiva metabólica de la expresión epigenética

6.3.4  The Metabolic View of Epigenetic Expression

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/03/28/the-metabolic-view-of-epigenetic-expression/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.5  La farmacogenómica

6.3.5  Pharmacogenomics

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/31/pharmacogenomics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.6  Fisiopatología neonatal

6.3.6  Neonatal Pathophysiology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/02/22/neonatal-pathophysiology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.7  Genética de las enfermedades de la conducción: enfermedad (bloqueo) de la conducción auriculoventricular (AV). Mutaciones genéticas: transcripción, excitabilidad y homeostasis energética

6.3.7  Genetics of Conduction Disease: Atrioventricular (AV) Conduction Disease (block): Gene Mutations – Transcription, Excitability, and Energy Homeostasis

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/28/genetics-of-conduction-disease-atrioventricular-av-conduction-disease-block-gene-mutations-transcription-excitability-and-energy-homeostasis/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.3.8  Cartografía en 3D del genoma en combinación con FISH e iARN

6.3.8  3D mapping of genome in combine FISH and RNAi

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/3d-mapping-of-genome-in-combine-fish-and-rnai/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.3.9  Proyecto Varioma Humano: catálogo enciclopédico de variantes de secuencias indexadas según la secuencia del genoma humano

6.3.9  Human Variome Project: encyclopedic catalog of sequence variants indexed to the human genome sequence

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2012/11/24/human-variome-project-encyclopedic-catalog-of-sequence-variants-indexed-to-the-human-genome-sequence/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.3.10         Mutagénesis del ADN y reparación del ADN

6.3.10         DNA mutagenesis and DNA repair

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/dna-mutagenesis-and-dna-repair/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.4     Reconocimiento al liderazgo científico por su contribución a la genómica

6.4     Scientific Leadership Recognition for Contributions to Genomics

 

6.4.1  Entrevista con Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider y Jack W. Szostak (44 minutos)

6.4.1  Interview with Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak (44 minutes)

http://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1227

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.4.2  Pioneros de la reparación del ADN ganan el Nobel: Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich y Aziz Sancar, Premio Nobel de Química 2015 por los mecanismos de reparación del ADN

6.4.2  DNA Repair Pioneers Win Nobel – Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, and Aziz Sancar 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the mechanisms of DNA repair

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/dna-repair-pioneers-win-nobel/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.4.3    Dr. Richard Lifton, doctorado por la Universidad de Yale y el Instituto Médico Howard Hughes: galardonado en los Premios Breakthrough 2014 en Ciencias de la Vida por el descubrimiento de los genes y mecanismos bioquímicos que causan la hipertensión

6.4.3    Richard Lifton, MD, PhD of Yale University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute: Recipient of 2014 Breakthrough Prizes Awarded in Life Sciences for the Discovery of Genes and Biochemical Mechanisms that cause Hypertension

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/03/03/richard-lifton-md-phd-of-yale-university-and-howard-hughes-medical-institute-recipient-of-2014-breakthrough-prizes-awarded-in-life-sciences-for-the-discovery-of-genes-and-biochemical-mechanisms-tha/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5     Líderes actuales del campo de la genómica

6.5     Contemporary Field Leaders in Genomics

 

6.5.1  ROBERT LANGER

6.5.1  ROBERT LANGER

 

6.5.1.1       2014 Premios Breakthrough concedidos en Física Fundamental y Ciencias de la Vida con una dotación de 21 millones de dólares: Robert Langer del MIT recibe 3 millones de dólares

6.5.1.1       2014 Breakthrough Prizes Awarded in Fundamental Physics and Life Sciences for a Total of $21 Million – MIT’s Robert Langer gets $3 Million

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/03/03/2014-breakthrough-prizes-awarded-in-fundamental-physics-and-life-sciences-for-a-total-of-21-million-mits-robert-langer-gets-3-million/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.1.2        Medalla Nacional de la Ciencia de 2006: Robert S. Langer

6.5.1.2        National Medal of Science – 2006 Robert S. Langer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/21/national-medal-of-science/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.5.1.3       Confluencia de la química, la física y la biología

6.5.1.3       Confluence of Chemistry, Physics, and Biology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/24/confluence-of-chemistry-physics-and-biology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

6.5.2  JENNIFER DOUDNA. Premio Nobel de Química 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer A. Doudna

6.5.2  JENNIFER DOUDNA – The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier & Jennifer A. Doudna

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2020/10/08/the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2020-emmanuelle-charpentier-jennifer-a-doudna/

Reporteros: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D. y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Reporters: Stephen J. Williams, Ph.D. and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.2.1     Jennifer Doudna y los equipos de cosmología, ganadores del Premio Breakthrough 2015

6.5.2.1     Jennifer Doudna, cosmology teams named 2015 Breakthrough Prize winners

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/03/16/jennifer-doudna-cosmology-teams-named-2015-breakthrough-prize-winners/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.2.2   ACTUALIZACIÓN. Interpretación médica de la frontera genómica: el CRISPR/Cas9: la tecnología de edición genética para nuevas terapias

6.5.2.2   UPDATED – Medical Interpretation of the Genomics Frontier – CRISPR – Cas9: Gene Editing Technology for New Therapeutics

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/medical-interpretation-of-the-genomics-frontier-crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technology-for-new-therapeutics/

Autores y redactores: Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Stephen J Williams, PhD y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Authors and Curators: Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP, Stephen J Williams, PhD and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.3  ERIC LANDER

6.5.3  ERIC LANDER

 

6.5.3.1    Entrega del Premio Harvey el 30 de abril de 2012: en el Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, a Eric S. Lander del MIT y Eli Yablonovitch de la UC, Berkeley

6.5.3.1    2012 Harvey Prize in April 30: at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to Eric S. Lander @MIT & Eli Yablonovitch @UC, Berkeley

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/05/22/2012-harvey-prize-in-april-30-at-the-technion-israel-institute-of-technology-to-eric-s-lander-mit-eli-yablonovitch-uc-berkeley/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.4  La genómica en 2013. La era más allá de la secuenciación del genoma humano: Francis Collins, Craig Venter, Eric Lander y otros

6.5.4  2013 Genomics: The Era Beyond the Sequencing of the Human Genome: Francis Collins, Craig Venter, Eric Lander, et al.

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/02/11/2013-genomics-the-era-beyond-the-sequencing-human-genome-francis-collins-craig-venter-eric-lander-et-al/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.5  Reconocimientos a las contribuciones en genómica por los premios Dan David

6.5.5  Recognitions for Contributions in Genomics by Dan David Prize Awards

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2017/07/31/recognitions-for-contributions-in-genomics-by-dan-david-prize-awards/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

6.5.6  65 laureados con el Premio Nobel se reúnen con 650 jóvenes científicos en los campos de la fisiología y la medicina, la física y la química, del 28 de junio al 3 de julio de 2015, en Lindau y la isla de Mainau, Alemania

6.5.6  65 Nobel Laureates meet 650 young scientists covering the fields of physiology and medicine, physics, and chemistry, 28 June – 3 July, 2015, Lindau & Mainau Island, Germany

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/07/13/65-nobel-laureates-meet-650-young-scientists-covering-the-fields-of-physiology-and-medicine-physics-and-chemistry-28-june-3-july-2015-lindau-mainau-island-germany/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 7:        Los ARN

Chapter 7:         The RNAs

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

7.1     La ARN-polimerasa: base molecular de la transcripción del ADN. Roger Kornberg, MD

7.1     RNA polymerase – molecular basis for DNA transcription – Roger Kornberg, MD

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/rna-polymerase-molecular-basis-for-dna-transcription/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

7.2     Un gen, una proteína. Charles Yanofsky

7.2     One gene, one protein – Charles Yanofsky

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/one-gene-one-protein/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

7.3     Convirtiendo la información genética en proteínas funcionales. James E. Darnell Jr.

7.3     Turning genetic information into working proteins – James E. Darnell Jr.

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/turning-genetic-information-into-working-proteins/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

7.4     ARN pequeños pero poderosos. Victor Ambros, David Baulcombe y Gary Ruvkun, Phillip A. Sharp

7.4     Small but mighty RNAs – Victor Ambros, David Baulcombe, and Gary Ruvkun, Phillip A. Sharp

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/small-but-mighty-rnas/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

7.5     Redes de genes de respuesta al estrés, Nina V. Fedoroff

7.5     Stress-response gene networks – Nina V. Fedoroff

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/stress-response-gene-networks/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 8:        Proteómica, plegado de proteínas y regulación celular

Chapter 8:         Proteomics, Protein-folding, and Cell Regulation

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

8.1     La vida y obra de Allan Wilson

8.1     The Life and Work of Allan Wilson

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/20/the-life-and-work-of-allan-wilson/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.2     Proteómica

8.2     Proteomics

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/31/proteomics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.3     Más complejidad en la evolución de las proteínas

8.3     More Complexity in Protein Evolution

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/18/more-complexity-in-protein-evolution/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.4     Proteínas: un registro evolutivo de la diversidad y la adaptación

8.4     Proteins: An evolutionary record of diversity and adaptation

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/17/proteins-an-evolutionary-record-of-diversity-and-adaptation/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.5     Héroes de la investigación médica básica. Leroy Hood

8.5     Heroes in Basic Medical Research – Leroy Hood

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/heroes-in-basic-medical-research-leroy-hood/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.6     Los investigadores de la ubiquitina ganan el Premio Nobel. Ciechanover, Hershko y Rose premiados por el descubrimiento de la proteólisis mediada por la ubiquitina

8.6     Ubiquitin researchers win Nobel – Ciechanover, Hershko, and Rose awarded for discovery of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/05/ubiquitin-researchers-win-nobel/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.7     La amortiguación de los módulos genéticos implicados en el metabolismo del ciclo de los ácidos tricarboxílicos proporciona regulación homeostática

8.7     Buffering of genetic modules involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism provides homeostatic regulation

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/08/27/buffering-of-genetic-modules-involved-in-tricarboxylic-acid-cycle-metabolism-provides-homeomeostatic-regulation/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.8     Perfiles dinámicos de proteínas

8.8     Dynamic Protein Profiling

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/02/dynamic-protein-profiling/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9     Plegado de proteínas

8.9     Protein folding

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/09/protein-folding/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Introducción al mal plegamiento de las proteínas

Introduction to Protein misfolding

 

8.9.1  Mal plegamiento de las proteínas y priones. Susan L. Lindquist, Stanley B. Prusiner

8.9.1  Protein misfolding and prions – Susan L. Lindquist, Stanley B. Prusiner

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/11/protein-misfolding-and-prions-3/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9.2  Censo seleccionado de las proteínas moduladoras de la autofagia y las moléculas pequeñas que son posibles dianas para el tratamiento del cáncer

8.9.2  A Curated Census of Autophagy-Modulating Proteins and Small Molecules Candidate Targets for Cancer Therapy

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/09/14/a-curated-census-of-autophagy-modulating-proteins-and-small-molecules-candidate-targets-for-cancer-therapy/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

8.9.3  Insuficiencia de S voluntaria e involuntaria

8.9.3  Voluntary and Involuntary S-Insufficiency

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/03/07/transthyretin-and-the-stressful-condition/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9.4  Transtiretina y masa corporal magra en estado estable y de estrés

8.9.4  Transthyretin and Lean Body Mass in Stable and Stressed State

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/12/01/transthyretin-and-lean-body-mass-in-stable-and-stressed-state/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9.5  La cuestión del retraso del crecimiento en las llanuras del Ganges

8.9.5  The matter of stunting in the Ganges Plains

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/15/the-matter-of-stunting-in-the-ganges-plains/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.9.6  Proteínas, formación de imágenes y agentes terapéuticos

8.9.6  Proteins, Imaging and Therapeutics

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/proteins-imaging-and-therapeutics/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

Summary

 

8.10   Plegado de proteínas y carga de las vesículas

8.10   Protein Folding and Vesicle Cargo

 

8.10.1         Proteínas de choque térmico (HSP) y chaperonas moleculares

8.10.1         Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) and Molecular Chaperones

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/04/13/heat-shock-proteins-and-molecular-chaperones/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.10.2         Chaperona molecular de unión al colágeno HSP47: su papel en la fibrosis intestinal. Las células epiteliales colónicas y los miofibroblastos subepiteliales

8.10.2         Collagen-binding Molecular Chaperone HSP47: Role in Intestinal Fibrosis – colonic epithelial cells and sub epithelial myofibroblasts

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/01/25/collagen-binding-molecular-chaperone-hsp47-role-in-intestinal-fibrosis-colonic-epithelial-cells-and-subepithelial-myofibroblasts/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP y Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP and Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

8.10.3         Biología, fisiología y fisiopatología de las proteínas de choque térmico

8.10.3         Biology, Physiology and Pathophysiology of Heat Shock Proteins

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2016/04/16/biology-physiology-and-pathophysiology-of-heat-shock-proteins/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

8.10.4         El papel de los exosomas en la regulación metabólica

8.10.4         The Role of Exosomes in Metabolic Regulation

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2017/10/08/the-role-of-exosomes-in-metabolic-regulation/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

 

Capítulo 9:        Neurociencia

Chapter 9:         Neuroscience

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

9.1     Premio Nobel de Fisiología o Medicina 2013 por el transporte celular: James E. Rothman de la Universidad de Yale; Randy W. Schekman de la Universidad de California, Berkeley; y el Dr. Thomas C. Südhof de la Universidad de Stanford

9.1     Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 for Cell Transport: James E. Rothman of Yale University; Randy W. Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley; and Dr. Thomas C. Südhof of Stanford University

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/10/07/nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine-2013-for-cell-transport-james-e-rothman-of-yale-university-randy-w-schekman-of-the-university-of-california-berkeley-and-dr-thomas-c-sudhof-of-stanford-un/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

9.2     Proteínas que controlan la liberación de neurotransmisores. Richard H. Scheller

9.2     Proteins that control neurotransmitter release – Richard H. Scheller

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/proteins-that-control-neurotransmitter-release/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.3     Héroes de la investigación médica básica. Robert J. Lefkowitz

9.3     Heroes in Basic Medical Research – Robert J. Lefkowitz

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/heroes-in-basic-medical-research-robert-j-lefkowitz/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.4     LA MENTE Y LA MEMORIA: BIOLÓGICA Y DIGITAL. Simposio del Premio Dan David 2014

9.4     MIND AND MEMORY: BIOLOGICAL AND DIGITAL – 2014 Dan David Prize Symposium

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/06/18/mind-and-memory-biological-and-digital-2014-dan-david-prize-symposium/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

9.5     Una nueva forma de moverse, Michael Sheetz, James Spudich, Ronald Vale

9.5     A new way of moving – Michael Sheetz, James Spudich, Ronald Vale

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/a-new-way-of-moving-michael-sheetz-james-spudich-ronald-vale/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.6     Función de los núcleos basales

9.6     Role the basal ganglia

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/role-of-the-basal-ganglia/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.7     La neurogenética del lenguaje: Patricia Kuhl, Premio George A. Miller 2015

9.7     The Neurogenetics of Language – Patricia Kuhl – 2015 George A. Miller Award

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/the-neurogenetics-of-language-patricia-kuhl/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.8     La estructura de nuestro sistema visual

9.8     The structure of our visual system

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/the-structure-of-our-visual-system/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.9     Logros destacados en la investigación de la esquizofrenia

9.9     Outstanding Achievement in Schizophrenia Research

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/06/outstanding-achievement-in-schizophrenia-

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.10   Fallece a los 92 años George A. Miller, pionero de la psicología cognitiva

9.10    George A. Miller, a Pioneer in Cognitive Psychology, Is Dead at 92

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/george-a-miller-a-pioneer-in-cognitive-psychology-is-dead-at-92/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.11   Entender qué ocurre en el cerebro que causa las enfermedades mentales

9.11   To understand what happens in the brain to cause mental illness

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/to-understand-what-happens-in-the-brain-to-cause-mental-illness/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.12   Cerebro y cognición

9.12   Brain and Cognition

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/14/brain-and-cognition/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.13   Reducir los síntomas de las enfermedades mentales y reeducar el cerebro

9.13   To reduce symptoms of mental illness and retrain the brain

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/to-reduce-symptoms-of-mental-illness-and-retrain-the-brain/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.14   Comportamiento

9.14   Behavior

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/behavior/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.15   Artículos notables sobre neurociencias

9.15   Notable Papers in Neurosciences

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/09/notable-papers-in-neurosciences/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

9.16   Pirroloquinolina quinona (PQQ): un suplemento no probado

9.16   Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) – an unproved supplement

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/15/pyrroloquinoline-quinone-pqq-an-unproved-supplement/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

Summary

  

Capítulo 10:      Microbiología e Inmunología

Chapter 10:       Microbiology & Immunology

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

10.1   Genes de referencia en el microbioma intestinal humano: el catálogo de BGI

10.1   Reference Genes in the Human Gut Microbiome: The BGI Catalogue

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/07/14/reference-genes-in-the-human-gut-microbiome-the-bgi-catalogue/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

10.2   Desnutrición en la India, alta tasa de mortalidad neonatal y retraso en el crecimiento de los niños menores de cinco años

10.2   Malnutrition in India, high newborn death rate and stunting of children age under five years

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/07/15/malnutrition-in-india-high-newborn-death-rate-and-stunting-of-children-age-under-five-years/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.3   En sus propias palabras: fallece a los 81 años Leonard Herzenberg, el inmunólogo que revolucionó la investigación

10.3   In His Own Words: Leonard Herzenberg, The Immunologist Who Revolutionized Research, Dies at 81

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/11/11/in-his-own-words-leonard-herzenberg-immunologist-who-revolutionized-research-dies-at-81/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

10.4   Héroes de la investigación médica: el Dr. Robert Ting y los retrovirus en el SIDA y el cáncer

10.4   Heroes in Medical Research: Dr. Robert Ting, Ph.D. and Retrovirus in AIDS and Cancer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/17/heroes-in-medical-research-dr-robert-ting-ph-d-and-retrovirus-in-aids-and-cancer/

Stephen J Williams, PhD:

 

10.5   Premio Tang de 2014: inmunidad y cáncer

10.5   Tang Prize for 2014: Immunity and Cancer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/06/20/tang-prize-for-2014-immunity-and-cancer/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.6   Modelo halstediano de la progresión del cáncer

10.6   Halstedian model of cancer progression

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/04/30/halstedian-model-of-cancer-progression/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.7   La historia de la hematología y las ciencias afines

10.7   The History of Hematology and Related Sciences

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/12/05/the-history-of-hematology-and-related-sciences/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.8   La emergencia de la anatomía patológica en el siglo XXI

10.8   Pathology Emergence in the 21st Century

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2014/08/03/pathology-emergence-in-the-21st-century/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.9   Héroes de la investigación médica: Barnett Rosenberg y el descubrimiento del cisplatino

10.9   Heroes in Medical Research: Barnett Rosenberg and the Discovery of Cisplatin

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/01/12/heroes-in-medical-research-barnett-rosenberg-and-the-discovery-of-cisplatin/

Stephen J Williams, PhD:

 

10.10     Respuestas inmunitarias mediadas por los linfocitos T y vías de señalización activadas por los TLR. Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann, Ralph M. Steinman

10.10     T cell-mediated immune responses & signaling pathways activated by TLRs – Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann, Ralph M. Steinman

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/t-cell-mediated-immune-responses-signaling-pathways-activated-by-tlrs/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

10.11      Roeder: el coactivador OCA-B, el primer coactivador específico de las células, descubierto por Roeder en 1992, es exclusivo de los linfocitos B del sistema inmunitario

10.11      Roeder – the coactivator OCA-B, the first cell-specific coactivator, discovered by Roeder in 1992, is unique to immune system B cells

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/roeder-the-coactivator-oca-b-the-first-cell-specific-coactivator-discovered-by-roeder-in-1992-is-unique-to-immune-system-b-cells/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 11:      Hormonas endocrinas

Chapter 11:       Endocrine Hormones

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

11.1   Obesidad, 2010. Douglas L. Coleman, Jeffrey M. Friedman

11.1   Obesity – 2010 Douglas L. Coleman, Jeffrey M. Friedman

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/obesity/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.2   Receptores solitarios: RXR. Jensen, Chambon y Evans. Los receptores nucleares provocan la producción de ARN en respuesta a las hormonas esteroideas

11.2   Lonely Receptors: RXR – Jensen, Chambon, and Evans – Nuclear receptors provoke RNA production in response to steroid hormones

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/lonely-receptors-rxr-jensen-chambon-and-evans/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.3   El premio Fred Conrad Koch a la trayectoria profesional, el más alto honor de la Endocrine Society, reconoce los logros de toda una vida y las contribuciones excepcionales de una persona al campo de la endocrinología

11.3   The Fred Conrad Koch Lifetime Achievement Award—the Society’s highest honor—recognizes the lifetime achievements and exceptional contributions of an individual to the field of endocrinology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/the-fred-conrad-koch-lifetime-achievement-award-the-societys-highest-honor-recognizes-the-lifetime-achievements-and-exceptional-contributions-of-an-individual-to-the-field-of/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.4   Premio Gerald D Aurbach a la investigación aplicable sobresaliente

11.4   Gerald D Aurbach Award for Outstanding Translational Research

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2017/07/31/gerald-d-aurbach-award-for-outstanding-translational-research/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

11.5   Premio Roy O. Greep a la Investigación destacada en endocrinología. Martin M. Matzuk

11.5   Roy O. Greep Award for Outstanding Research in Endocrinology – Martin M. Matzuk

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/roy-o-greep-award-for-outstanding-research-in-endocrinology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.6   Premios de la Sociedad Americana de Fisiología

11.6   American Physiology Society Awards

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/09/american-society-of-physiology-awards/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

11.7   Solomon Berson y Rosalyn Yalow

11.7   Solomon Berson and Rosalyn Yalow

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/07/solomon-berson-and-rosalyn-yalow/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 12:      Células madre

Chapter 12:       Stem Cells

 

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

12.1   Las células maduras pueden reprogramarse para convertirse en pluripotentes. John Gurdon y Shinya Yamanaka

12.1   Mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent – John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka

https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2012/advanced-medicineprize2012.pdf

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.2   Observación de las colonias de bazo en ratones y comprobación de la existencia de las células madre. Till y McCulloch

12.2   Observing the spleen colonies in mice and proving the existence of stem cells – Till and McCulloch

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/observing-the-spleen-colonies-in-mice-and-proving-the-existence-of-stem-cells/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.3   Premio McEwen a la innovación: Irving Weissman, M.D., Escuela de Medicina de Stanford, y Hans Clevers, M.D., Ph.D., Instituto Hubrecht

12.3   McEwen Award for Innovation: Irving Weissman, M.D., Stanford School of Medicine, and Hans Clevers, M.D., Ph.D., Hubrecht Institute

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/mcewen-award-for-innovation-irving-weissman-m-d-stanford-school-of-medicine-and-hans-clevers-m-d-ph-d-hubrecht-institute/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.4   Biología del desarrollo

12.4   Developmental biology

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/developmental-biology/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.5   Ingeniería genómica mediada por CRISPR/Cas. Rudolf Jaenisch

12.5   CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering – Rudolf Jaenisch

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/crisprcas-mediated-genome-engineering/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.6   Ribozimas y máquinas de ARN. El trabajo de Jennifer A. Doudna

12.6   Ribozymes and RNA Machines – Work of Jennifer A. Doudna

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/04/15/ribozymes-and-rna-machines-work-of-jennifer-a-doudna/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

12.7   Ralph Brinster, el «padre de la transgénesis»

12.7   Ralph Brinster, ‘Father of Transgenesis’

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/ralph-brinster-father-of-transgenesis/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.8   Modificación genética dirigida

12.8   Targeted gene modification

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/08/targeted-gene-modification/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.9   Células madre y cáncer

12.9   Stem Cells and Cancer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/stem-cells-and-cancer/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.10      Premios ALPSP

12.10     ALPSP Awards

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/apls-awards/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.11      Premio Eppendorf para jóvenes investigadores europeos

12.11      Eppendorf Award for Young European Investigators

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/18/eppendorf-award-for-young-european-investigators/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

12.12    Noticias de última hora sobre la ingeniería genómica, la DMT2 y los tratamientos antineoplásicos

12.12    Breaking news about genomic engineering, T2DM and cancer treatments

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/28/breaking-news-about-genomic-engineering-t2dm-and-cancer-treatments/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 13:      Impresión 3D y aplicación médica

Chapter 13:       3D Printing and Medical Application

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

13.1   Impresión en 3D

13.1   3D Printing

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/3-d-printing/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.2   ¿Qué es la impresión 3D?

13.2   What is 3D printing?

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/what-is-3-d-printing/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.3   El científico que está haciendo que la impresión 3D sea más humana

13.3   The Scientist Who Is Making 3D Printing More Human

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/the-scientist-who-is-making-3d-printing-more-human/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.4   Únase a estos grupos de impresión médica en 3D en Twitter y LinkedIn para conocer las últimas novedades

13.4   Join These Medical 3D Printing Groups on Twitter and LinkedIn for great up to date news

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/22/join-these-medical-3d-printing-groups-on-twitter-and-linkedin/

Stephen J Williams, PhD:

 

13.5   Neri Oxman y su grupo, Mediated Matter del MIT Media Lab, han desarrollado una técnica para imprimir en 3D vidrio fundido

13.5   Neri Oxman and her Mediated Matter group @MIT Media Lab have developed a technique for 3D-printing Molten Glass

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/30/neri-oxman-and-her-mediated-matter-group-mit-media-lab-have-developed-a-technique-for-3d-printing-molten-glass/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.6   El «chemputer» que podría imprimir cualquier fármaco

13.6   The ‘chemputer’ that could print out any drug

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/10/drug-chemputer/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.7   Uso de la bioimpresión en 3D para crear tejido vivo cardíaco: imprime tu corazón

13.7   3-D-Bioprinting in use to Create Cardiac Living Tissue: Print your Heart out

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/03/16/3-d-bioprinting-in-use-to-create-cardiac-living-tissue-print-your-heart-out/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.8   Perspectiva de LPBI sobre las aplicaciones médicas y de ciencias de la vida. La impresión en 3D: tintas biológicas, biomateriales y biopolímeros

13.8   LPBI’s Perspective on Medical and Life Sciences Applications – 3D Printing: BioInks, BioMaterials-BioPolymer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/12/lpbis-perspective-on-medical-and-life-sciences-applications-3d-printing-bioinks-biomaterials-biopolymer/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.9   MEMS médicos, sensores e impresión en 3D: frontera en el control del proceso de los biomateriales

13.9   Medical MEMS, Sensors and 3D Printing: Frontier in Process Control of BioMaterials

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/08/10/medical-mems-sensors-and-3d-printing-frontier-in-process-control-of-biomaterials/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN y Adam Sonnenberg, BSC, MSc(c) en 2021: PhD, estudiante de medicina de 2.º año

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN and Adam Sonnenberg, BSC, MSc(c) In 2021: PhD, Medical Student 2nd year

 

13.10    Los NIH y la FDA sobre la impresión en 3D para aplicaciones médicas: puntos de vista sobre la impresión de fármacos a la carta, reparación directa de tejidos in situ y órganos impresos para implantes vivos

13.10    NIH and FDA on 3D Printing in Medical Applications: Views for On-demand Drug Printing, in-Situ direct Tissue Repair and Printed Organs for Live Implants

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/07/27/nih-and-fda-on-3d-printing-in-medical-applications-views-for-on-demand-drug-printing-in-situ-direct-tissue-repair-and-printed-organs-for-live-implants/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.11    La técnica de fabricación «pop-up» supera a la impresión en 3D

13.11    ‘Pop-up’ fabrication technique trumps 3D printing

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/01/14/pop-up-fabrication-technique-trumps-3d-printing/

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

 

13.12 Potenciación de la ONTOLOGÍA de la investigación sobre la impresión en 3D

13.12 Augmentation of the ONTOLOGY of the 3D Printing Research

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/21/augmentation-of-the-ontology-of-the-3d-printing-research/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

13.13    Microscopía de superresolución

13.13    Superresolution Microscopy

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/14/superresolution-microscopy/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

 

Resumen

Summary

 

 

Capítulo 14:      Química medicinal sintética

Chapter 14:       Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry

 

Introducción

Introduction

 

14.1   Perspectivas de la química medicinal biológica y sintética

14.1   Insights in Biological and Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/09/19/insights-in-biological-and-synthetic-medicinal-chemistry/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

14.2   Trabajos pioneros en el ámbito del cáncer

14.2   Breakthrough work in cancer

https://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2015/10/01/breakthrough-work-in-cancer/

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Resumen de la segunda parte

Summary to Part Two

 

Resumen del volumen y conclusiones

Volume Summary and Conclusions

 

EPÍLOGO

EPILOGUE

 

 

SEGUNDO VOLUMEN

 

Descubrimientos científicos médicos para el siglo XXI

y

entrevistas con líderes científicos

 

Autor, redactor y editor:

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Medical Scientific Discoveries for the

21st Century

&

Interviews with Scientific Leaders

Disponible en Amazon.com desde el 09/12/2017

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078313281

 

PART C:

The Editorials of the original e-Books in English in Audio format

 

Series E: Patient-Centered Medicine 

Series Content Consultant: Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

 

Medical Scientific Discoveries for the 21st Century

&

Interviews with Scientific Leaders

 

 

2017

 

Available on Amazon.com since December 9, 2017

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078313281

 

Author, Curator and Editor

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

Chief Scientific Officer

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence

Larry.bernstein@gmail.com

  

Image Source: Courtesy of Shutterstock

 

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN

Editor-in-Chief BioMed e-Series of e-Books

Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence, Boston

avivalev-ari@alum.berkeley.edu

 

 

List of Contributors & Contributors’ Biographies

 

Volume Author, Curator and Editor

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Preface, all Introductions, all Summaries and Epilogue

Part One:

1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.3, 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.5, 2.6.1, 2.6.2, 2.6.3, 2.6.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

Part Two:

5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 6.1.2, 6.1.4, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.3.2, 6.3.4, 6.3.5, 6.3.6, 6.3.8, 6.3.10, 6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.5.1.2, 6.5.1.3, 6.5.2.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.9.1, 8.9.3, 8.9.4, 8.9.5, 8.9.6, 8.10.1, 8.10.2, 8.10.3, 8.10.4, 9.2, 9.3, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 10.2, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.10, 10.11, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.6, 13.12, 13.13, 14.1, 14.2

 

Guest Authors:

 

Pnina Abir-Am, PhD 

Part Two: 6.1.1

 

Stephen J Williams, PhD:

Part Two: 6.2.6, 6.5.2, 6.5.2.2, 10.4, 10.9, 13.4

 

Aviva Lev-Ari, PhD, RN:

Part One:

1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 2.2.1, 2.3

Part Two:

5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 6.1.3, 6.2.3, 6.2.4, 6.2.5, 6.3.1, 6.3.3, 6.3.7, 6.3.9, 6.4.3, 6.5.1.1, 6.5.2, 6.5.2.1, 6.5.2.2, 6.5.3.1, 6.5.4, 6.5.5, 6,5,6, 8.9.2, 8.10.2, 9.1, 9.4, 10.1, 10.3, 11.4, 12.6, 13.5, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10, 13.11

 

Adam Sonnenberg, BSC, MSc(c) In 2021: PhD, Medical Student 2nd year

Part Two: 13.9

 

 

Editorials in the electronic Table of Contents

 

Preface and Volume Introduction

In PART ONE: Physician as Authors, Writers in Medicine and Educator in Public Health we cover Physicians as Authors, Professional Recognition, Medical and Allied Health Sciences Education and Science Teaching in Math and Technology (STEM). In PART TWO: Medical Scientific Discoveries & Interviews with Scientific Leaders we cover the Cardiovascular System, Genomics, The RNAs, Proteomics, Protein-folding, and Cell Regulation, Neuroscience, Microbiology & Immunology, Endocrine Hormones, Stem Cells, 3D Printing and Medical Application and Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry.

Discoveries in medical and biological sciences e-Book identifies many heroes of our time, just as it describes a trend of development in the related and allied professions. A more integrated structure is emerging. The future of medical research and the practice of medicine will be more highly dependent on integrated work of professionals who have complementary skills. This is a challenge for current and future education.

Why 21st Century is in Celebration of Medical Discoveries and its HEROES?

In the year 2017, we have had a remarkable activity in discoveries in physics, astrophysics, organic and inorganic chemistry, biology and evolution, and engineering that is enlightening our living on planet earth. At the same time, we are faced with incomparably difficult times in grappling with unending culture wars, natural and human disasters, disease, and large inequalities in opportunities that endangers human populations. The progress in sciences has led to advances in microbiology and virology, pharmacology, and medicine and allied health care. The advances have not been fully shared across the globe. This book is intended to first recognize the kind of educational opportunities and the choices that accomplished people have made to reach this plateau that has seen the decoding of the human gene, the birth of genetic engineering, and the dissection of vital metabolic signaling pathways essential for the understanding of life, disease, and death.

This is the second volume in the Patient-centered Medicine e-Series. Its focus is articles on medical discoveries. We covered already the late 19th to the late 20th Century in an article. There were many discoveries of Nobel Prize stature by scientists and physicians in physics, chemistry, infectious disease, immunology, and the emergence of biochemical genetic and molecular biology. The second volume is focused on achievements and the scientists of distinction in the late 20th and early 21st Century. In developing this series, we considered the sources of major national and international awards, and the recognition of the professional societies. The achievements in proteomics, genomics, cell signaling and gene targeting are well covered, as well as endocrinology, neurology, and regenerative and stem cell research. Reference to Content: Medical biographies; Interviews with scientists; Awards and recognition; Science education; Health Sciences preparation; Childhood education; Flexner report; Accreditation; video reports. Life science categories; Science based medical specialties.

This series of articles follows an earlier article on scientific discoveries of the late 19th and 20th centuries. However, it is noteworthy to consider that the lifetime achievements recognized in the first decade of the 21st millennium reach back to an accumulation of half a century of sustained research. These articles provide a significant amount of insight and background for understanding the motivations of the contributors over a productive lifetime, and also confirms the repeated observation of influential exposures to the work of other innovators. The material contains interviews with investigators, peer comments about their mentoring of young investigators, and also some very interesting background on childhood experiences. The biographical content is as interesting as the discoveries and honors discussed.

 

PART ONE

Physician as Authors, Writers in Medicine and 

Educator in Public Health

Introduction

This first portion of the book is concentrated on recognizing some of many individuals who have been recognized for their achievements in biomedical science and to provide a glimpse at the structure of the profession of medicine. Even beyond that, it gives notice to the educational requirements and what is being done to meet the needs in the not distant future of students who would aspire to work in the healthcare and healthcare research professions. The needs have rapidly expanded, and the available caregivers has not kept up with the growth of an aging population.

 

Chapter 1:         Physicians as Authors

 

Introduction

In the 19th century we saw the emergence of a social class of educated European people, that also had a growth in the United States and Canada. The immigrant population had a strong desire to make a difference in society, and parents wanted them to ascend a ladder of opportunity. This chapter identifies a selection of physicians who excelled in written communication, in short stories, novels, plays, not to mention composing.  One of the great examples is Anton Checkov, who also wrote about the prisons in Russia.

 

Summary

We have seen some examples of individuals who pursued medical careers because Medicine is a valued profession. While some practiced medicine and wrote, others had a magnificent career in writing. Somerset Maugham and Arthur Conan Doyle are two such examples of the latter. Not covered is the development of a profession of medical and science writers, such as, Gina Kolata. Science reporting is becoming an important bridge between scientific discovery and public perception of science.

 

Chapter 2:         Professional Recognition

 

Introduction

The identification of significant accomplishments requires reviewing the recognition by key professional organizations. Much of this follows in Part II. The New York Academy of Sciences has long been a leading, though not exclusive organization for the advancement of science. There is also treatment of the “Genius” Awards, and not to be missed is the huge untold story of the “women computers” in WWII. This chapter also opens the gate to a view of medicine that is not in the direct view of the patient, but vital for disease discovery and treatment.

 

Summary

Radiologists, anesthesiologists, and pathologists have been called RAP physicians. They have played a vital role in patient management that has actually become more specialized with progress in medicine.  The success in diagnostic imaging has expanded with greatly improved technology, and it includes both noninvasive and invasive procedures, and do also has radiotherapy become essential and has become highly targeted. Anesthesiologist are masters of general and local pain alleviation, and they are expert in drug interactions.  The pathology profession has become highly specialized in carcinomas and sarcomas, and the practice of clinical pathology is a rapidly growing segment because of diagnostic instrumentation, automation, and minimum specimen requirement.

 

Chapter 3:          Medical and Allied Health Sciences Education

Introduction

This chapter focuses on the education of physicians and nurses, but there is a parallel pathway in the preparation of medical technologists, radiotherapists, physiotherapists, and anesthetist. The education in preparation for these professions is regulated and programs receive accreditation from such organization as the AMA, American Nursing Association, and National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Sciences (NAACLS).

 

Summary

The chapter has not detailed the policy set forth in the Flexner Report, the emergence of Johns Hopkins University as an innovation in medical education, or of Rockefeller University as an innovation in medical research. It is important to realize that the preparation of physicians, and professionals in the health sciences professions rose to a previously unknown level after the Flexner Report.  It is also important to recognize, as we had in the Halstedian view to breast cancer, that the great physician Sir William Osler taught an Oslerian view of compassionate medicine that required the generation of physicians who were well knowledgeable in literature and the arts.  If this caused the restriction of medical students to a “privileged class”, that was not the intent.  Unfortunately, the Oslerian model gave way to an emphasis on organic chemistry and genetics with the emerging concept of “hereditary disease”.

Chapter 4:         Science Teaching in Mathematics and Technology (STEM)

 

Introduction

This chapter illuminates the importance of science education at an earlier stage than the college level.  The community colleges are not mentioned, but that is a stepping stone in preparation.  The most important purpose of preparation is the mastery of critical thinking. Teaching of science and mathematics has improved and begins at the preschool level.  The importance of television and video media intended for childhood education is described.

 

Summary

The child is endowed with curiosity. the curiosity can be expanded or quenched, depending on the attention given to children during early development.  This has become a problem of social class and of the single parent home.  However, single parentage is not necessarily a disadvantage.  The social and home environment are important factors in advancing childhood learning.

 

PART TWO

Medical Scientific Discoveries 

& 

Interviews with Scientific Leaders

Chapter 5:         Cardiovascular System

 

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases have been comprehensively covered in several volumes of the LPBI’s BioMed e-Series:

Six volumes are BUNDLED BY AMAZON.COM INTO A SIX-VOLUME SERIES FOR $515

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Six Volumes in English Text

  • Perspectives on Nitric Oxide in Disease Mechanisms, on Amazon since 6/2/12013

http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DINFFYC

  • Cardiovascular, Volume Two: Cardiovascular Original Research: Cases in Methodology Design for Content Co-Curation, on Amazon since 11/30/2015

http://www.amazon.com/dp/B018Q5MCN8

  • Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume Three: Etiologies of Cardiovascular Diseases: Epigenetics, Genetics and Genomics, on Amazon since 11/29/2015

http://www.amazon.com/dp/B018PNHJ84

  • Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume Four: Regenerative and Translational Medicine: The Therapeutics Promise for Cardiovascular Diseases, on Amazon since 12/26/2015

http://www.amazon.com/dp/B019UM909A

  • Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume Five: Pharmacological Agents in Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. On com since 12/23/2018

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MGSFDWR

  • Cardiovascular Diseases, Volume Six: Interventional Cardiology for Disease Diagnosis and Cardiac Surgery for Condition Treatment. On com since 12/24/2018

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07MKHDBHF

 

Six Volumes in Spanish Audio

For the Series in Spanish Audio ($385) go to

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0BPR9L1ZX?ref_=dbs_p_pwh_rwt_anx_a_lnk

 

This chapter has a specific focus on the contributions of major investigators to the developing story of leaders in cardiovascular disease.

 

Summary

This chapter has been to illuminate the medical, surgical and pharmaceutical advances that have been huge in the last 30 years. It is a story that has been highly enriched by biomedical engineering, and that improved life expectancy.

Chapter 6:         Genomics

 

Introduction

An introduction to molecular biology and biochemistry with the focus on DNA would not be complete without the following inclusion of Stent and Delbruck at the beginning, and overlapping the seminal work of Watson and Crick. Although Delbruck came under the influence of Niels Bohr, the importance of his work with Lise Meitner was new to me. My own introduction was instigated by my reading of both Stent and of Schroedinger, who are mentioned here.

In the chapter that follows, we are introduced to the controversy that accompanied the awarding of the Nobel Prize to Francis Crick and James Watson for the unlocking of the genetic code. DNA is the molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides.[1] Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase —either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T) — as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA.

Unrecognized was the huge contribution made by Rosalind Franklin, who died of cancer prior to the Nobel Prize award nomination in 1953. There are also two giant figures of this period who are not explored in this chapter.

Gunther S. Stent was Graduate Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley.

Born: March 28, 1924, Berlin, Germany

Died: June 12, 2008, Haverford, PA

GUNTHER S. STENT March 28, 1924–June 12, 2008 BY SAMUEL H. BARONDES

Gunther Stent’s professional interests progressed in stages from the simple to the complex: from physical chemistry to molecular biology to neuroscience to philosophy. One feature remained constant: his gift for writing about his ideas in well-crafted prose. Born into a prosperous and assimilated Jewish family in Treptow, a suburb of Berlin, Stent’s childhood was disrupted by a series of traumatic events that began when he was nine. First, the Nazis came to power and the persecution of Jews began. Shortly thereafter, his chronically depressed mother, Elli, was hospitalized in a psychiatric sanitarium, and subsequently committed suicide. By 1938 in the aftermath of Kristallnacht, his father, Georg, fled to London to escape the Gestapo, and the 14-year-old Gunther joined him later after illegally crossing the border into Belgium. By the age of 16 Gunther had made it to Chicago, where he moved in with his married sister, Claire. Matriculated as a freshman at Hyde Park High, Stent worked furiously to make up for lost time. By taking extra courses and going to summer school he managed to graduate in 21 months. In the process he came under the influence of his composition teacher, Miss Rubovits, who taught him how to write, and to whom he always remained grateful.

http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/stent-gunther.pdf

A professor emeritus of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley, Stent was among the handful of scientists who after World War II pioneered the discipline of molecular biology, a field that essentially reduced biology to the study of chemical and physical interactions in and between cells.

Along with James Watson and Francis Crick, he was part of the original “phage group,” an informal club of scientists who tackled the mysteries of DNA and the gene in the 1950s and ’60s. Watson and Crick later won the Nobel Prize for discovery of the structure of DNA.

“Gunther was part of the intellectual glue that kept this small band of pioneers together,” said Michael Botchan, co-chair and professor in UC Berkeley’s Department of Molecular and Cell Biology.

A polymath, Stent was known not only for his studies on the metabolism of bacteria and neurobiology of leeches, but also for his writing on the history and philosophy of biology. For many years, he taught a freshman seminar on consciousness, and he wrote a 2002 book, “Paradoxes of Free Will,” that won the 2002 John F. Lewis Award of the American Philosophical Society. He also published books on morality as a biological phenomenon, prematurity in science and the end of biology.

http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2008/06/17_stentobit.shtml

Gunther Stent credited his interest in biology to the fact that he met Sol Spiegelman at a party in 1945. Stent was a graduate student at the University of Illinois, where Spiegelman—who would go on to develop nucleic acid hybridization and win a Lasker Award for other work—was a visiting seminar speaker. Stent read one of Spiegelman’s papers. “On the fi rst two pages of that paper I was amazed to fi nd an inelegant derivation of the same standard equations which, in my sophomore year, I had to derive in a few minutes on an exam in the Doc’s physical chemistry course”, Stent later recalled in his self-published 1998 memoir, Nazis, Women and Molecular Biology. He asked a friend: “Wouldn’t microbiology be a good fi eld for me to get into if it takes so little to have a paper published?” Stent’s memoir, and his life, was full of that kind of self deprecation. (His memoir is also fi lled with a seemingly endless list of women he pursued and eventually lost.) Born Gunther Siegmund Stensch in Berlin, in 1924, he had emigrated to the USA when he was 14 years old. Landing in Chicago, he earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the University of Illinois in 1945, and then began his graduate studies, with a year spent screening technical documents in Germany after the war.

http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673608610594.pdf

After meeting Spiegelman, he read Erwin Schrodinger’s What is Life? Like Seymour Benzer the book led him to Max Delbruck’s laboratory at Caltech, in Pasadena, on a postdoctoral fellowship. There and at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, where he took Delbruck’s famous phage biology course, he was surrounded by other like-minded scientists who would become giants in the burgeoning field of molecular biology: James Watson, Salvador Luria, Alfred Hershey, and Renato Dulbecco.

Stent’s first project was an attempt to figure out why a particular bacteriophage, strain T4, did not attach to its bacterial host unless it came into contact with tryptophan. In 1952, he moved to the University of California, Berkeley. He used radio labelled bacteriophage to confirm DNA’s double helix structure in 1954, a year after Watson and Francis Crick published their famous report. In 1957, he helped found the school’s department of virology. In 1963, Stent wrote Molecular Biology of Bacterial Viruses, which Watson told The New York Times was “the textbook that became the most exciting tool for the study of molecular genetics following the finding of the double helix”. He trained a number of leading scientists, including Sydney Brenner, who shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for his work on developmental genetics. Over the next decades, he turned his attention to philosophy. He argued in The Coming of the Golden Age: A View of the End of Progress that scientists had learned everything they could about molecular biology. When John Horgan, author of The End of Science, interviewed him in 1992, he acknowledged that biologists still had a lot to learn. “But I think the big picture is basically over”, he said. Evolutionary biology in particular “was over when Darwin published The Origin of Species”. Many of his colleagues, of course, disagreed. He also studied neuroscience, using the leech as a model. (He also shared a patent on hementin, an anticoagulant derived from leeches.) One of his most-cited papers was a 1973 study of what happens at the synapse during learning (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1973; 70: 997–1001). Stent wrote or edited several other books, including the reissue of Watson’s The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, and Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology. His 2002 book Paradoxes of Free Will win the 2002 John F Lewis Award of the American Philosophical Society.

http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673608610594.pdf

Max Delbruck

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/delbruck-bio.html

Among his friendships during the later student years, the most intense and influential one was with Werner Brock, now emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Freiburg.

There followed three postdoctoral years (1929-1932) abroad, in England, Switzerland, and Denmark. The stay in England, with its immersion into a new language and a new culture, had a vast effect on widening his outlook on life. In Switzerland and Denmark the associations with Wolfgang Pauli and Niels Bohr shaped his attitude toward the pursuit of truth in science.

Delbrück’s interest in biology was first aroused by Bohr, in connection with his speculations that the complementarity argument of quantum mechanics might have wide applications to other fields of scientific endeavor and especially in regard to the relations between physics and biology. A move to Berlin in 1932, as assistant to Lise Meither, was largely motivated by the hope that the proximity of the various Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes to each other would facilitate the beginning of an acquaintance with the problems of biology. Paradoxically, this good intention was helped by the rise of Nazism which made official seminars less interesting. A small group of physicists and biologists began to meet privately beginning about 1934. To this group belonged N. W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky (genetics). Out of these meetings grew a paper by Timofeeff, Zimmer, and Delbrück on mutagenesis. A popularization of this paper of 1935 in Schroedinger‘s little book «What is Life?» (1945) had a curiously strong influence on the development of molecular biology in the late 1940’s.

The move to the United States in 1937 was made possible by a second fellowship of the Rockefeller Foundation, permitting Delbrück to pursue with greater freedom and effectiveness his interests in biology. He chose Caltech because of its strength in Drosophila genetics, and to some extent because of its distance from the impending perils at home. Although his job in Germany seemed reasonably secure, it was clear that political reasons would bar him from advancement.

Delbrück, Max. Interview by Carolyn Harding. Pasadena, California, July 14- September 11, 1978. Oral History Project, California Institute of Technology Archives. Retrieved [supply date of retrieval] from the World Wide Web: http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechOH:OH_Delbruck_M

Nobel Prize: “for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses”

Interview in 1978 with Max Delbrück, professor of biology emeritus, begins with his recollections of growing up in an academic family in Berlin. Trained at Göttingen in the late 1920s as a theoretical physicist, he later switched to biology, inspired by Niels Bohr to investigate the applications of complementarity to biological phenomena. After postgraduate work at Bristol and Copenhagen, he returned to Berlin in 1932 to work for Lise Meitner and formed a “club” of theoretical physicists, biologists, and biochemists, who met for discussions at his mother’s house.

Recollections of the advent of the Nazis in 1933. In 1937 Delbrück left Berlin for Caltech on a Rockefeller Fellowship; he defends the decision of other German scientists, notably Heisenberg, to remain in Germany. At Caltech he began working in Drosophila genetics but quickly shifted to phage work with Emory Ellis. Moved to Vanderbilt University in 1940, where he remained for seven years; comments on Oswald Avery’s identification of DNA as the “transforming principle.”

Recalls his association with Salvador Luria and summer phage group at Cold Spring Harbor in the 1940s; joint letter with Linus Pauling to Science in 1940 on intermolecular forces in biological processes; his http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechOH:OH_Delbruck_M reaction to 1945 publication of Erwin Schrödinger’s What is Life? Returned to Caltech in 1947 as professor of biology; comments on activities of Biology Division under chairmen George W. Beadle and Ray Owen, and the psychobiology of Roger Sperry. Recalls 1953 Watson-Crick discovery of the structure of DNA; comments on Watson as director of Cold Spring Harbor and on The Double Helix. Comments on receiving (with Luria and Alfred Hershey) the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

 

Summary

It is important to realize the impact of breaking the genetic code, a seminal event in the 20th century. It changed the course of biochemistry for the remainder of the century, eventually leading to the “human genome project.” But the story is incomplete as we shall see the mapping of translation of the code into protein, and the discovery of noncoding genes, the role of protein and of RNA in the regulation of cell metabolic pathways. It is of great interest that the early work in molecular biology focused on the virus, a non-metabolizing carrier of either DNA or RNA, and on the effect of radiation on mutagenesis. The chapter is followed by the studies of RNA. The emergence of molecular biology in this century has uncovered important revisions in our comprehension of transcription and more importantly, cellular metabolic regulation. The genetic code is only an imprint to be transmitted from one generation to the next. The metabolism and its adaptation in the life of an organism can’t be understood without and understanding of RNA and proteomics in relationship to very fast changes in the environment.

Chapter 7:         The RNAs

 

Introduction

The classical model holds that DNA is transcribed from complementary mRNA to rRNA, with protein synthesis in the ribosome. There is also a non-nuclear, mitochondrial DNA. The classical role of RNA is transcription. A revised modern hypothesis is found in the discoveries of RNA in inhibition of transcription, and having a role in cell signaling and regulatory processes, as explained in the following discussion.

 

Summary

The RNA story has become a fascinating discovery of the emergence of biochemistry, regulation of metabolic pathways, and signaling pathways. This opens a reawakening of biochemistry to the possibility, with the help of powerful separation and analytical technology to a close observation of the living cell.

 

Chapter 8:         Proteomics, Protein-folding, and Cell Regulation

 

Introduction

The functioning of the living cell depends on the structure and function of proteins, glycoproteins, and lipoproteins. These are embedded in the cell membrane, which has continuity between the extracellular membrane and intracellular structures. The functioning protein domain has a subset called enzymes, which are involved in catalytic activities. These reside within the cytoplasm, at cell junctions, in the mitochondria, and on cell surfaces. They are essential to the functioning of the differentiated cell and essential to the interaction of the cell with its extracellular matrix. This encompasses the discussions in the chapter that follows.

 

Summary

Proteomics, Protein-folding, and Cell Regulation

A mapping of the human proteome has been done for some eukaryotes, and is incomplete for the human case. It is important to recognize that there are numerous instances of protein “isoforms” that are bio-similars that nuance cell function in animals and man. This has a significant linkage to both organ differentiation and to evolutionary changes. The developments in proteomics have been huge because of continuing work in instrumentation and in mathematical algorithms that feed into a tie between proteomics and phenotypes. There is still much more to be done in the identification of cardiovascular disease and cancer biomarkers, and in addition infectious disease and the exploding work on the microbiome.

 

Protein folding

Introduction

The story of protein folding was highlighted by the work of Jakob and Monod. It was a gateway to understanding metabolism. This was a game opener. Who would have predicted the discoveries that followed? That is the material to be found in this chapter.

 

Protein folding

Summary

Protein folding has become a gateway to understanding biochemistry, metabolism and physiology, and importantly, is a gateway to the understanding of a group of transmissible diseases – such as Kuru and JCD. That is still a beginning because it now appears that protein folding, by way of prions, even though it has a relationship to disease by way of tau protein and amyloid, it has a relationship to cognitive function. This work has an important future.

 

Chapter 9:         Neuroscience

 

Introduction

Several chapters that follow are not unrelated. They envision an evolving understanding of medicine that is emerging from discoveries in the functioning of the midbrain that are critical for cognitive function, and for endocrine regulation that resides in the pituitary gland, but is in feedback regulation through the amygdala.

 

Summary

These chapters have covered major contributions to the related fields of neurobiology, psychiatry, and medicine as an integrated physiological unit as not previously understood. Major contributors to this understanding, still in infancy have been presented. A beginning construction of the mind-body concept has been made.

Chapter 10:       Microbiology & Immunology

 

Introduction

This chapter contains selected articles covering important discoveries in immunology and microbiology. These include the current work on the “Gut Microbiome”, the emergence of modified surgical mastectomy based on the regional lymph node metastasis, the developments in modern pathology to a much more diverse treatment of diseases and methods, the emergence of hematology as a specialty from which oncology diverged, and the T-cell mediated immune response.

 

Summary

This chapter has highlighted some important concepts in microbiology and virology, in cancer of blood and solid tumors, at least with respect to lymph node resection, and the elucidation of T-cell mediated immunity. There has been a considerable recognition given to the leaders in these developments.

 

Chapter 11:       Endocrine Hormones

Introduction

This chapter covers the major advances in our understanding of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal, pituitary-adrenal axis, the sex hormones, and the pancreas. It is a picture that has had enormous expansion in the last 25 years. It is a good reason for the development of the medical subspecialty of endocrinology, and the further specialization in diabetes mellitus. It is not coincidental in ties to head and neck surgery.

 

Summary

This chapter has recognized important work with respect to obesity, and individuals who have made notable contributions. In addition, there has been seminal work on the gene retinoid receptor that is tied to the synthesis of a group of fatty soluble hormones, such as, vitamins A and D, and more.

Endocrinology is a large and blossoming corner in the history of modern medicine. This chapter has illuminated the problems and identified significant figures in the development of the knowledge of this field.

 

Chapter 12:       Stem Cells

 

Introduction

This chapter contains descriptions of some of the most exciting work ongoing in regenerative biology, standing out as an achievement in developmental biology. There is seminal work in the discovery of the stem cell, which has been akin to the philosopher’s stone, except that there is such a transition state. The story goes further and reaches into the genetic engineering of cells by reprogramming, and the discovery of CRISPER.

 

Summary

We have seen some major research that is ongoing and not yet complete with respect to stem cells, cancer, reprogramming of mature cells in tissue engineering, CRISPER/Cas mediated genome engineering, and targeted gene modification, and the scientist who have led in this novel research.

 

Chapter 13:       3D Printing and Medical Application

 

Introduction

3-D Printing and its applications is a new endeavor that includes nonmedical invention as well as medical applications. The work is rapidly evolving and it constitutes an arena for tissue engineering, drug dosing and printing and artificial organ production and design.

 

Summary

We have reviewed the development of a whole new field of tissue engineering that will have a role in the future of medical treatment. Developments in this endeavor will also involve a science of nanotechnology.

 

Chapter 14:       Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry

 

Introduction

This is a chapter that identifies major work in organic, inorganic, and medicinal chemistry

 

Summary to Part Two

The second part of this volume is more directed at the growth of remarkable discoveries in the health related sciences since the late-20th century. There have been observations that discovery has slowed. I cannot share such a view. It has become difficult to follow the rapid progress that is achieved in a step-by-step order. There is always reference to “serendipitous” discoveries, but for such an event it requires a prepared mind. A problem that has existed in the reliance on large funding for so much of research and the implementation using mathematics, computers, and advanced spectroscopy for discovery, is that there is a significant skew to the direction of research, and in the current state of expenditure it is more difficult for young investigators to enter with new ideas. Perhaps it has always been that way, but the scope of the work needed is much larger than ever before.

 

Volume Summary and Conclusions

This series of articles follows an earlier volume on scientific discoveries of the late 19th and 20th centuries. However, it is noteworthy to consider that the lifetime achievements recognized in the first decade of the 21st millennium reach back to an accumulation of half a century of sustained research. These articles provide a significant amount of insight and background to understanding the motivations of the contributors over a productive lifetime, and also confirms the repeated observation of influential exposures to other innovators. The material contains interviews with investigators, peer comments about their mentoring of young investigators, and also some very interesting background on childhood experiences. The biographical content is as interesting as the discoveries and honors discussed.

 

EPILOGUE

The second volume of the discoveries in medical and biological sciences series identifies many heroes of our time, just as it describes a trend of development in the related or supporting professions. The relationships have not always been clear, but a more integrated structure is emerging. The future of medical research and the practice of medicine with be more highly dependent on integrated work of professionals who have complementary skills. This is a challenge for current and future education.

 

 

Volume Two 

Autor, redactor y editor:

Larry H Bernstein, MD, FCAP

 

Medical Scientific Discoveries for the

21st Century

&

Interviews with Scientific Leaders

On Amazon.com since 09/12/2017

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B078313281

 

 

 

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